LESSON 7: THE FILIPINO SOCIAL

THINKERS
INDIO
-was a derogatory term used by the
Spaniards to denote the natives living in the
Philippines.
Filipino/Insulares
-term was given to Spaniards born in
Philippines
Peninsulares
-opposed to born in Spain
Los Indios Bravos
-name chosen by Rizal which means Brave
Indians in which he suggested to his
companions that they should take pride in
calling them Indios
In 1898, by Spanish Governor-general
BASILIO AGUSTIN that eventually the
Indios were called FILIPINOS
Contributory factors that racial
discrimination became an important
stimulus in the rise of Filipino Nationalism
in the 19th century:
1. Opening of the Philippines to world
commerce
2. Emergence of the middle class or clase
media
3. Entry of liberal ideas
4. Cavite Mutiny of 1872
5. The eventual execution of the three
martyred priests (Mariano Gomez, Jose
Burgos, Jacinto Zamora) on February
17, 1872
6. Propaganda or Reform Movement
Effect: Filipino liberals and students
attending European universities writes and
explained the evils of colonialism in the
Philippines
Ilustrados
-Filipino Educated class
-enlightened ones
-became the prime movers for the immediate
implementation of reforms in the colony
*THE ILUSTRADOS*
1) Isabelo de los Reyes

-a prolific Filipino journalist and eventual

politician
-born on July 7, 1864 in Vigan, Ilocos Sur
A labor activitist and co founder of the
Inglesia Filipina Independiente.
His works are :
El Folk-Lore
Las Islas Visayas en la epoca de la
conquista
Historia de Filipinas
2) Pedro Paterno
- a poet and novelists
-born on February 27, 1858 in Santa Crux,
Manila
-emphasized that Filipinos had culture and
identity long before the Spaniards arrived in
the Philippines.
His works are:
Sampaguitas y Poesias Varias
he wrote the first filipino collection of
poems.
Ninay-first novel
Antigua Civilicacion Tagalog
3) Jose Rizal
- writer, poet, teacher ophthalmologist,
novelist, and sculptor
-born on June 19, 1861 at Calamba, Laguna
-one of the great Filipino thinkers of all time
and had numerous works that reflected his
ideas on society, education, women, history,
culture, language, colonialism and
revolution.
Two of his works:
Noli Me Tangere- weaknesses of Philippine
Society.
El Filibusterismo- decadent ways of colonial
government.
o The dissolution of La Liga Filipina resulted
into the formation of two groups:
1. Cuerpo de Compromisarios
-more of a passive group
-only lasted for several months after its
inception
2. Katipunan
July 7, 1892
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- the Kataastaasan Kagalang galangan na

Katipunan
nang
mga
Anak
ng
Bayan/Katipunan/KKK
was
officially
founded along Azcarraga St. (now Caro M.
Recto Avenue) in Tondo by Andres
Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Valentin Diaz,
Deodato Arellano, and Ladislao Diwa
The three-pronged objectives:
a.political- separation of the Philippines from
Spain
b. moral-teaching of good manners, hygiene,
and good morals
c.civic- self-help, defense of the poor and the
oppressed
Kalayaan
-newspaper of Katipunan
August 19, 1896
-Katipunan was discovered
Cry of Pugad Lawin
- August 23, 1896
La Liga Filipina
-1892 civic Organization by Rizal.
*THE REVOLUTIONISTS*
1. Andres Bonifacio
- Father of Philippine Revolution
-born on November 30, 1863 at Tondo,
Manila
-From his essays and poems, one can
appreciate his views with regard the cultural
identity of the pre-colonial natives and his
lofty ideas of ushering a new dawn to the
one great tagalog nation
Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga tagalog
-Reynaldo Ileto considers it as one of the
most important item in the Kalayaan issue of
January 1896
2. Emilio Jacinto
-Brains of the Katipunan
-born on December 15, 1875 at Trozo,
Manila (now Tondo)
Manifesto
-second most important item in the Kalayaan
-Kalayaan is personified and appears to a
youth mired in darkness (Ileto, 1979)
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
(Association of the Sons of the Nation)

-one of his works that aimed at informing

prospective members of the conditions for
joining the secret society
Kartilla
-also known as The Katipunan Code of
Conduct
-the fourteen teachings that each Katipunero
obtain
-formulated by Jacinto
LESSON 8: SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO
AND FILIPINO VALUES
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
-also known as indigenous psychology
or liberation Psychology
-defined as psychology that is rooted
on the experience, ideas, and cultural
orientation of the Filipinos
-has been adopted by the UNICEF as a
program framework in reaching out to
children who are victims of trauma
-UNICEF (UNITED NATIONS
CHILDRENS FUND) discovered the
importance of knowing and
understanding the culture, indigenous
identity, and the environment of the
people the organization is helping to
aid in carrying out its program

Three Eminent
Academicians:
1. VIRGILIO G. ENRIQUEZ
PSYCHOLOGY
2. PROSPERO R. COVAR
ANTHROPOLOGY
3. ZEUS A. SALAZAR HISTORY
-They pioneered the use of Filipino
perspective in the social sciences.
-They developed a Filipino perspective
and methodology to the study of
Philippine society and culture, to be
carried out in the midst of the
dominance of western perspective
especially in the study of Social
science.

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DISCIPLINE
PROPONENT
KEY
CONCEPT

PANTAYONG
PANANAW
HISTORY
DR. ZEUS
A.
SALAZA
R
BAYAN

SIKOLOHIYANG
PILIPINO

PILIPINOHIYA

PSYCHOLOGY
DR.
VIRGILIO
G.
ENRIQUEZ
KAPUWA

ANTHROPOLOGY
DR. PROPERO
COVAR
LOOB

Research and Training House.

FILIPINO IDENTITY

LEVELS OF SOCIAL
INTERACTION BASED ON
PAKIKIPAGKAPUWA
DR. VIRGILIO G. ENRIQUEZ
-Father of Sikolohiyang Pilipino
-The founder of Philippine Psychology

KAPUWA
-is a vital concept in Sikolohiyang Pilipino
-both, fellow being, and other
(English counterparts)
- recognizes shared identity
-means the extension of the self
PAKIKIPAGKAPUWA
-is both a paninindigan (conviction) and a
PAKIKIISA (being one with)
PAKIKISANGKOT (getting involved with)
PAKIKIPAGPALAGAYAN/
PAKIKIPAGPALAGAYANG LOOB (being
on rapport/understanding/acceptance with)
PAKIKISAMA (being along with)
PAKIKIBAGAY (in conformity with/in
accord with)
PAKIKILAHOK (joining/participating
with)
PAKIKISALAMUHA (interaction with)
PAKIKITUNGO (transaction/civility with)
value.
-should be distinguished from pakikisama
-is much deeper and profound in its
implications and it means accepting and
dealing with the other person as an equal

Pakikisama is merely a form of

pakikisalamuha
and
connotes
confornmity even to social evils such as
corruption.

-Under his leadership, the Pambansang

Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (PSSP)
was founded as a professional organization..
The Pambansang Samahan sa
Sikolohiyang Pilipino (PSSP)
-It is a social and professional organization
that founded in 1975
-aims to advance and promote psychology as
a discipline and movement for meaningful
and relevant studies, analysis and
understanding of the spirit and character of
Filipinos from the orientation and perspective
Filipinos for expansion national awareness
and consciousness of the Filipino people
STRENGTHS
LIBERATION OF THE FILIPINO
PSYCHE FROM COLONIAL
INFLUENCE.
POPULAR USE OUTSIDE THE
COUNTRY. (UNICEF)
CRITICISMS
The supporters are expected to follow the
ideals of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. These are:
a pledge to a nationalist orientation
the use of Filipino as medium of
communication, instruction, and
scholarship.
the use of indigenous research method
Putting Filipino worldviews at the
center of their studies
Institute of Philippine Culture
o It is an Ateneo de manila organization
that carries out studies on local problems
pertaining to education and economic
development, and by doing so aims to
promote a better way of understanding
the Filipino way of life.
o It utilizes an interdisciplinary method in
doing and analysing studies with the
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belief that the joint endeavours of the arts

and sciences will help us understand
Filipino Identity better.
FOUR FILIPINO VALUES
In the IPC papers No. 2 entitled Four
Readings on Philippine Values (Lynch,
1968), four Philippine values were
discussed which provided insights into
Philippine culture. These are:
1) Social acceptance by Frank Lynch
-it means being taken by ones fellows
for what a person is, and is treated
based on his or her social status.
Filipinos value Smooth Interpersonal
Relationship (SIR)
- He noted that Filipinos value social

acceptance which is manifested when one is

not rejected or criticized by others.
- Pakikisama (euphemism) the use of go
and between.
- Lynch also discussed : Concept of hiya or
shameas general social agreement in
lowland Philippine Society and Amor propio
or self esteem.
2) Reciprocity in the lowland Philippines
by Mary Hollnsteiner
- half- American activist social scientist
MARY HOLLNSTEINER (now Dr. Mary
Racelis) she defined this as that code of
conduct wherein for every service accepted,
intentionally sought for or not, there should
be a return.
Contractual reciprocity
involves the quality of reciprocal acts,
meaning their proportion and nature have
been clearly settled ahead of time.
Quasi- contractual reciprocity

the expression of the customs uses both

types of the code of equality in the return of
favour, meaning the things exchanged may
be different but should be equal in worth, or
should be similar, and that payment of
interest is not necessary unless the borrower
has failed to return the favour after a long
period of time.
Utang na loob
is created when an exchange of goods and
services occurs between individuals from
two diverse group. It forces the receiver to
express his or her appreciation by returning
the favour with interest to be sure that he or
she is liberated from the debt.
3) The Manileos mainsprings by Jaime
Bulatao
Emotional closeness and security in a
family.
Authority value which refers to
endorsement by the authority figure and
by society.
Economic and social betterment
patience, suffering, and endurance
4) Filipino Manufacturing by John Caroll
Entrepreneurship
the organizer of the factors of
production.
Observations based on the study of Fr.
John Carroll:
The founder of the Filipino
manufacturing enterprises were often
foreign educated.
Had previous experience as independent
businessmen.
Were inexplicably associated with
certain regions.

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