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1. Kant. --------------------------------------------------------------- 1
2. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
3. A- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
4. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
5. A priori - a posteriori------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
6. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
7. : a priori ----------------- 4
8. a priori ------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
9. a priori --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
10. : . -------------------------------- 6
11. : ------ 7
12. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
13. . . ---------- 13
Kant - -------------------------------------------------- 17
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- ----------------------------------------- 19

Immanuel ant (1724 - 1804)



.
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, Descartes, Spinoza Leibniz.
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1 . Windelband & Heimsoeth 1985, ', . 304


2 . Windelband & Heimsoeth 1985, ', . 18
3 . .
21.

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10 Windelband & Heimsoeth 1985, ', . 32.
11 Windelband & Heimsoeth 1985, ', .24

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13 Kant 1983, 62.

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14 Kant ' ,
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15 . 34/50.

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(psychologia rationalis),
(cosmologia rationalis)
(theologia transzendentalis) (391-92).
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) .
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16 Kant 1983, . 96-97.
17 Kant 1983, .128.

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18 . Kant 1983, .160. Kant ,
.
19 Kant 1983, .174.
20 Kant 1983, .174.
21 [transzendental]:
[transzendental] [transzendent] (296/352).
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[immanent], . '
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22 Kant 1983, . 149.


23 Kant 1983, . 156.

14
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(723/751).
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15
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a priori .
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2
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Kant (721/749)
, '
[ ] .
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1789)
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' [Erfahrungsurteil],
[empirische] a priori ,
24.

a priori .
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25. a priori .
. Kant : ,
,
, ...
,
a priori. , ,
a priori , ,
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(722/750).
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24 Zweig 1967, . 141.


25 . .
2001.

16
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)

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a posteriori

(a posteriori)

a priori

(a priori)

26
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-----

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17

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.27

Allison, H. (1983): Kant's Transcendental Idealism, Yale University Press, New


Haven and London.
Beth, E.W. (1965): The Foundations of Mathematics, North-Holland Publishing
Company.
Brittan, G. (1978), Kant's Theory of Science, Princeton University Press, Princeton,
New Jersey.
Butts, R. (editor) (1986): Kant's Philosophy of Physical Science, D. Reidel Publishing
Company, Dordrecht, Holland.
Coffa, J. A. (1991): The Semantic Tradition from Kant to Carnap. Cambridge
University Press.
Friedman, M. (1985): "Kants Theory of Geometry", The Philosophical Review, Vol.
XCIV, No. 4, . 455-506.
Friedman, M. (1990): "Kant on Concepts and Intuitions in the Mathematical
Sciences", Synthese 84, . 213-257.
Friedman, M. (1992): Kant and the Exact Sciences. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Heidegger, M. (1967): What is a Thing?, W.B. Barton, Jr/Vera Deutsch (trans),
Gateway Editions, South Bend, Indiana.
Heidegger, M. (1962): Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics. (trans.) James S.
Churchill. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

27

18
Hintikka, J. (1967): "Kant on the Mathematical Method", The Monist 51, . 352375.
Kant I. (1929): Critique of Pure Reason, N. Kemp Smith (trans), Macmillan
Education Ltd, London.
Kant I. (1950): Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, L. Beck (trans.), BoddsMerrill, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Kant, I. (1979): , . 1-2, . . .
.
Kant, I. (1983): , .-.- .
. . .
Kant, I. (1999): -
, . . .
Parsons, C. "Kants Philosophy of Arithmetic", Morgenbesser, Suppes, White
(1971): Philosophy, Science and Method. Essays in Honour of Ernest Nagel, MacMillan & St Martins Press.
Paton, H. (1970), Kant's Metaphysic of Experience, George Allen & Unwin, London.
Windelband, W., Heimsoeth, H (1985): , .
', . .. .
Zweig, A. ( & ) (1967): Kant Philosophical Correspondence
1759-99. The University of Chicago Press.
, . (2001):

,
,
19/1,

2001.

-

Y

(A21)
a priori
.
(A22) .

,
(Verstand)
,

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,

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,



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a
priori
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87 . . .
: . .

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. (. 303)


66 [ ] 132
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A.160
( 85)...
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3.
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63

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