ENERGY CONSCIOUS ARCHITECTURE

Presentation on

BIOMASS ENERGY

SUBMITTED BY:

Kapil ,Nidhi
& Ayushi

WHAT IS BIOMASS?
Biomass is any organic material, may include wood, wood
waste, straw, manure, sugar cane and many other byproducts
from a variety of agricultural processes.
Biomass is also produced by plants terrestrial and aquatic
and their derivatives.
It also includes Animal manure.

BIOMASS ENERGY

Biomass energy, or bio energy is the conversion of biomass into

useful forms of energy such as heat, electricity, and liquid fuels.

Biomass continues to account for an estimated 1/3rd of primary

energy use, while in the poorest countries up to 90% of all energy is
supplied by biomass.

TYPES OF BIOMASS

Wood fuel

Crops

Rubbish

Landfill gas

Alcohol fuels

CONVERSION OF BIOMASS WASTE

INTO USEABLE FUELS
GASIFICATION - Exposing a solid fuel to high temperatures and limited
oxygen produces biogas.

PYROLYSIS - Heating the biomass can

produce pyrolysis oil and phenol oil leaving
charcoal.

DIGESTION - Bacteria, in an oxygen-starved

environment can produce methane.

FERMENTATION- Bio-material that is used to

manufacture Ethanol and Biodiesel by an
anaerobic biological process in which sugars are converted to alcohol by the
action of micro-organisms, usually yeast.

SOLID FUEL COMBUSTION- Direct combustion of solid matter.

CONVERSION OF BIOMASS

Other Biomass Energy Conversion

Technologies
Biomass energy conversion technologies/applications include:

Combustion

Anaerobic Digestion

Mechanical Processing

Fermentation

TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF BIOGAS

Matter

Methane, CH4

50-75

Carbon dioxide, CO2

25-50

Nitrogen, N2

0-10

Hydrogen, H2

0-1

Hydrogen sulfide, H2S

0-3

Oxygen, O2

BIOGASS YIELD FROM VARIOUS RAW

MATERIALS

Types of local biomass plant used in pakistan

FIXED- DOME PLANT

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Mixing tank with inlet pipe.

Digester.
Compensating and removal tank.
Gasholder.
Gas pipe.
Entry hatch, with gaslight seal
and weighted.

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

Difference in level = gas pressure in cm WC.

Supernatant scum; broken up by varying level.
Accumulation of thick sludge.
Accumulation of grit and stones.
Zero line:filling height without
gas pressure.

FLOATING DRUM PLANT

FLOATING- DRUM
PLANT
1.
2.
3.
4.

Mixing tank with inlet pipe.

Digester.
Overflow on outlet pipe.
Gasholder with braces for breaking
up surface scum.
5. Gas outlet with main.
6. Gas drum guide structure.

7. Difference in level = gas pressure in cm WC.

8. Floating scum in the case of fibrous feed
material.
9. Accumulation of thick sludge.
10. Accumulation of grit and stones.
11. Water jacket with oil film.

Main Advantages of Biomass Energy

The main Advantages of Biomass are:

Biomass is a renewable fuel source.
Biomass energy production results in minimal environmental impact.
Employment generation in rural areas.
Alcohol fuels are efficient and clean burning.

The pollutant emissions from combustion of biomass are usually lower

The availability of biomass fuels is universal than those from fossil
fuels.

OTHER BENEFITS

Maximising the use of energy by the co-location of utilities and

industries.
Closed loop, industrial energy ecology.
Provides solution for waste wood produced in the area by businesses
and households
129 MW electricity produced by the plant

Disadvantages of Biomass Energy

It is often of low energy density

It is labour intensive and the cost of collecting large quantities for commercial
application is significant

When combusted to produce energy it contributes directly to global warming.

An expensive source to produce and convert.

On a small scale there is a likely net loss in energy; as energy must be

put in to grow the plant mass.

CASE STUDY
KETCHIKAN FEDERAL BUILDING
Location: Ketchikan, Alaska
Purpose: Hot water distribution system
Application chosen: biomass heating technology
by means of wooden pellet boiler system
Boiler specifications: 1 million BTUs per hour
Efficiency: 85.6%

METHODOLOGY

The wood pellets are stored in a silo outside of the building and are augured into the
building when the low-level signal is given from the fuel bin level sensor. The pellets
automatically replenish the fuel bin and the conveyor stops when the upper level
sensor is triggered.

 The fuel is burned efficiently using staged combustion air injection. The hot flue
gas travels through a bank of tubes where the heat is transferred to the water
that surrounds the tube bundle. This is known as a fire tube design.
This boiler design is equipped with an automated mechanical cleaning system
that periodically removes ash build-up from the tubes. This is done online to
avoid interruptions in the heating process.

CONCLUSION

environmental friendly system of heat

generation.
No wastage of fuels like diesel
additional energy savings in a building.
Lower emissions of co2
Initial cost of execution is high.
Can be installed only in places abundant
with biomass sources

EON Combined Heat and Power Plant, Handelo, Sweden

Distilling drugs- waste products from the production of ethanol in the form of high-protien mash.
Commercial waste- waste from operations.
Rejects- plastic film and similar material from recycling of cardboard, for eg. Milk packaging, etc.

 The EON co-generation plant, a combined heat and power plant which uses a
wide mix of waste derived fuels to produce energy, heat and steam.
The fuel mix is based on 95 per cent renewable fuels, which include forest
residue, wood waste and municipal waste.
Heat is delivered to the district heating network, electricity to the local electricity
grid, and steam is used at the adjacent ethanol production plant (Agroetanol).
The steam sold by EON to Agroethanol meets almost all of its energy needs.
The ethanol plant uses corn, wheat and rye in its production. Distillers grain, the
by-product of ethanol manufacturing, is used to produce protein pellets, among
others, i.e. animal feed.