MTH 201 Practice Test #2 - SOLUTIONS

Spring 2001
Pat Rossi

Name

1. f (x) = x + x9 on the interval [1, 5] . Determine the absolute maximum and absolute
minimum values of f (x) .
Notice that f (x) is continuous except at x = 0 (where we have a zero divide.) Since
x = 0 is not contained in the interval [1, 5] , the function f (x) is continuous on the
interval [1, 5] . Also, notice that the interval [1, 5] is closed and finite. Therefore, the
Absolute Max/Min Value Test applies.
(a)

1. Find the critical numbers

First, rewrite f (x) as f (x) = x + 9x1
f 0 (x) = 1 9x2
f 0 (x) = 1 x92
(type i) set f 0 (x) = 0
2
2
= 0 x2 9 = 0 x = 3 or x = 3
1 x92 = 0 xx2 x92 = 0 x x9
2
type i critical numbers.
Since x = 3 is not in the interval [1, 5] , we discard it.
Also, x = 0 is the only value of x which makes f 0 (x) undefined. Since this
value is also outside of the interval [1, 5] , we discard it.
Therefore, x = 3 is the only critical number.
2. Plug the endpoints and the critical numbers into f (x) (the ORIGINAL function).
f (1) = 1 + 91 = 10 Absolute Max. Value
f (3) = 3 + 93 = 6 Absolute Min. Value
f (5) = 5 + 95 = 34
5
The absolute maximum value is 10
3. The absolute minimum value is 6.

2. Through its franchised stations, an oil company gives out 16, 000 road maps per year.
The cost of setting up a press to print the maps is $100 for each production run. In
addition, production costs are 6 cents per map and storage costs are 20 cents per map
per year. The maps are distributed at a uniform rate throughout the year, and are
printed in batches of equal size, timed so that each batch arrives just as the preceding
batch has been used up. How many maps should the oil company print in each batch
to minimize cost? Since the maps are distributed at a uniform rate, assume that the
1
average shelf life of a map is 2n
, where n is the number of batches printed per year.
(a)

1. We want to minimize cost, C.

2. Express cost as a function of ONE variable.
C = (set up cost) + (production cost) + (storage cost)
= ($100 per batch)(number of batches)+($0.06 per map)(total number of maps)+
(price per map per year) (number of maps) (average shelf life per map)
Let x be the number of maps printed per batch, and n be the number of
batches printed.

Observe: x = 16,000
and n = 16,000
n
x
Thus we have:

1
C = $100n + $0.06 (16, 000) + $0.20 (16, 000) 2n
C (n) = $100n + $960 + $ 1600
n
or C (n) = 100n + 960 + 1600
n
3. Determine any restrictions on n.
Since the maps must be printed at least once a year, n 1.
Since there will be 16,000 maps printed, we cannot print more than 16,000
batches of maps. i.e., n 16, 000.
1 n 16, 000
C (n) is defined on the closed, finite interval [1, 16000] .
4. Minimize the cost
Since C (n) is continuous on the interval [1, 16000] , we can use the Absolute
Max/Min Value Test.
C 0 (n) = 100 1600
n2
Type a (set C 0 (n) = 0)
C 0 (n) = 100 1600
=0
n2
2
100n2
1600
= 0 100n2 1600 = 0 n2 16 = 0
n2 n2 = 0 100nn1600
2
n = 4 and n = 4.
Since 4 is not in the interval [1, 16000] , we discard n = 4 as a critical
number.
Type ii ( C 0 (n) is undefined)
n = 0 causes a zero divide, but 0 is not in the interval [1, 16000] , so we discard
n = 0 as a critical number also.
n = 4 is the only critical number.
Plug the endpoints and critical numbers into C (n)
C (1) = 100 (1) + 960 + 1600
= $2660
1
1600
C (4) = 100 (4) + 960 + 4 = $1760 Absolute Min. Value
1600
C (16000) = 100 (16000) + 960 + 16000
= $1600960.10
Therefore, n = 4 batches should be printed per year.
5. Answer the original question.
We want to know how many maps should be printed per batch.
Recall: x = 16,000
n
x = 16,000
= 4, 000 maps per batch.
4
3. In the following problem, we are given the price per unit, p (q) , at which q units of
a particular commodity can all be sold, and the total cost, C (q) of producing the q
units. Find the profit function P (q) and the marginal cost and the marginal revenue.
Determine the level of production q at which the profit will be maximized.
p (q) = 710 1.1q 2 ;
p (q) = 710 1.1q 2 ;

C (q) = 2q3 23q2 + 90.7q + 151

C (q) = 2q3 23q2 + 90.7q + 151

Recall: Profit P (q) = Revenue Cost = R (q) C (q)

We need to find revenue.

Revenue = R (q) = (price per unit) (the number of units)

R (q) = (710 1.1q 2 ) q = 710q 1.1q3
R (q) = 710q 1.1q3

P (q) = R (q) C (q) = (710q 1.1q 3 ) (2q3 23q2 + 90.7q + 151) = 619.3q 3.1q 3 +
23q 2 151

P (q) = 619.3q 3.1q 3 + 23q 2 151 This is the profit function.

The marginal cost is C 0 (q) = 6q2 46q + 90.7

The marginal revenue is R0 (q) = 710 3.3q2

To maximize profit, find the value of q at which marginal cost and marginal revenue
are equal.
C 0 (q) = 6q2 46q + 90.7 = R0 (q) = 710 3.3q 2

2
2
2
2
6q 2 46q + 90.7 = 710 3.3q
(6q 46q + 90.7) (710 3.3q ) = 0 9.3q

46q 619.3 = 0 q =

(46)

(46)2 4(9.3)(619.3)
2(9.3)

q = 11.0 or q = 6.0538

Since q (the quantity produced) must be greater than or equal to zero, we discard
q = 6.0538
Therefore q = 11.0 maximizes profit.

4. A manufacturer finds that in producing q units per day, (for 0 < q < 15, 000) three
dierent kinds of cost are involved.
(a) A fixed cost of $1875 per day
(b) A production cost of $4.75 per day for each unit produced
(c) An ordering cost of $ 3000
per day.
q
Express the total cost as a function of q and determine the level of production that
minimizes the total cost.Total cost
Observe: C (q) = (fixed cost) + (production cost) + (ordering cost)
C (q) = $1875 + (cost per unit) (number of units) + $ 3000
q
C (q) = $1875 + $4.75q + $ 3000
q
or C (q) = 1875 + 4.75q +

3000
q

This is the total cost function.

To minimize the cost function, find the critical numbers.

C 0 (q) = 4.75

3000
q2

C 0 (q) = 4.75

3000
q2

Type i (C 0 (q) = 0)
=0
2

= 0 4.75q

4.75 3000
q2
q2
25.131 and q = 25. 131

3000
q2

=0

4.75q 2 3000
q2

Since q cant be negative, we discard q = 25. 131.

3

= 0 4.75q 2 3000 = 0, q =

Type ii (C 0 (q) undefined)

q = 0 causes a zero divide. Since q > 0, we discard this also.
Therefore, q = 25.131
C (q) is not defined on a CLOSED interval. Therefore, the Absolute Max/Min Value
Test doesnt apply. Well have to minimize cost some other way.
Well draw a sign graph of C 0 (q) .

15,000

25.131

C(q)

100 Sample

10 Sample

! ! ! !

+ + + +
C(q) > 0

C(q) < 0

C(q) increasing

C(q) decreasing

Sketching a graph of cost C (q) , we have:

C(q)

q=0

q = 25.131
C(q) increasing

C(q) decreasing

(25.131, Q(25.131))

q = 15,000

From the graph, C (q) attains its absolute minimum value at q = 25.131.
Since we can only produce a whole number of units, we will want to produce either
q = 25 or q = 26 units.
C (25) = 1875 + 4.75 (25) +
C (26) = 1875 + 4.75 (26) +

3000
25
3000
26

= $2113. 80
= $2113. 90

Absolute Min. Value

q = 25 units should be produced.

5. Suppose that the demand for a certain commodity is given by
q = 800 5p2 for 0 q 800
4

(a) Express the elasticity as a function of price p.

Recall: Elasticity = =

p dq
q dp

p
8005p2

10p
i.e., = 8005p
2

10p
(10p) = 8005p
2

(b) Calculate the elasticity of demand when the price is p = 4

2

10(4)
10p
At p = 4, = 8005p
= 29
2 = =
8005(4)2

i.e., At p = 4, = 29

(c) Interpret the result of part 5.b

Since || < 1, the demand is inelastic with respect to price. In other words, an
increase in price will cause an increase in revenue.
6. f (x) = 2x3 3x2 12x + 1; determine the intervals on which f (x) is increasing,
determine the intervals on which f (x) is decreasing, and identify the local maxes and
mins.
(a) find Critical numbers
f 0 (x) = 6x2 6x 12 = 0
Type 1 Set f 0 (x) = 0

2
f 0 (x) = 6x
6x{z 12 = 0}
|

x2 x 2 = 0
(x 2) (x + 1) = 0
x = 2, 1 crit. numbers
Type 2 No value of x makes f 0 (x) undefined, so there are no Type 2 critical
numbers.
x = 2, 1 are the only critical numbers

(b) Draw a sign graph of f 0 (x)

sample !2
f N(x)

!1

+ + + + +

0 sample

3 sample

! ! ! ! !

+ + + + +

f N(x) > 0
f N(x) < 0
f N(x) > 0
f (x) is increasing f (x) is decreasing f (x) is increasing

f (x) is increasing on the interval (, 1) and on the interval (2, ) .

f (x) is decreasing on the interval (1, 2) .
(c) To find the relative maxes and mins, sketch a rough graph of f (x) (thats f (x) ,
not f 0 (x)), using the critical numbers to partition the x-y plane.

!1

f (x)

(!1, 8) rel. max

(2, !19) rel. min

(1, f (1)) = (1, 8) is the relative max.

(2, f (2)) = (2, 19) is the relative min.
7. f (x) = x4 + 8x3 + 18x2 8.

Compute f 0 (x) , and find the critical numbers.

f 0 (x) = 4x3 + 24x2 + 36x

(type a)
f 0 (x) = 4x3 + 24x2 + 36x = 0 4x3 + 24x2 + 36x = 0 x3 + 6x2 + 9x = 0
x (x + 3)2 = 0
x = 0; x = 3 are type a critical numbers
(type b)

f 0 (x) = 4x3 + 24x2 + 36x is undefined.

No value of x causes division by zero, so there are no type b critical numbers.
Draw a sign graph of f 0 (x)

-3
3

fN(x) = 4x + 24x + 36x

-4 sample

-----------

fN(x) < 0

-1 sample

-----------

fN(x) < 0

1 sample

+++++++++++

fN(x) > 0

(a) f (x) is increasing on the interval (0, ) , and f (x) is decreasing on the interval
(, 0) .
To find the relative maximums and minimums, well sketch a rough graph of f (x) .
6

f(x) = x4 + 8x3 + 18x2 - 8

x=0

x = -3
(0, -8)
relative minimum

(b) The relative minimum is (0, 8). There are no relative maximums.
To determine concavity, we need the second derivative.
f 00 (x) = 12x2 + 48x + 36
(type a) f 00 (x) = 12x2 + 48x + 36 = 0 x2 + 4x + 3 = 0 (x + 3) (x + 1) = 0
x = 3, or x = 1 are possible points of inflection.
To determine if we have points of inflection at x = 3, or x = 1, we must draw
a sign graph of f 00 (x) .

-1

-3
fO(x) = 12x2 + 48x + 36

+++++++++

fO(x) > 0

-2 sample

-4 sample

-----------

fO(x) < 0

0 sample

+++++++++++

fO(x) > 0

(c) f (x) is concave up on the intervals (, 3) and (1, ) . f (x) is concave down
on the interval (3, 1) .
7

(d) Since f (x) changes concavity at x = 3 and x = 1, the points (3, 19) and
(1, 3) are points of inflection.
(e) Draw the graph of f (x) .
f(x) = x4 + 8x3 + 18x2 - 8
f(x) concave up

x = -1
x=0
f(x) concave down

(-3, 19)

(-1, 3)
f(x) concave up
x = -3
(0, -8)
relative minimum

8. Use the Second Derivative Test to find the relative maximums and minimums of the
function f (x) = 2x3 + 3x2 12x 7.

First, we find the critical numbers. These always come from f 0 (x) even though
were using the SECOND Derivative Test!!!
f 0 (x) = 6x2 + 6x 12

(type a)

f 0 (x) = 6x2 + 6x 12 = 0 6x2 + 6x 12 = 0 x2 + x 2 = 0 (x + 2) (x 1) = 0

x = 2; x = 1 are the type a critical numbers.

(type b)

there are none.

Next, we compute the second derivative, and plug in the critical numbers.
f 00 (x) = 12x + 6
f 00 (2) = 12 (2) + 6 = 18 < 0

Since f 00 (2) < 0, f (x) is concave down at x = 2

(-2, f(-2) )

Hence, (2, 13) is a relative maximum.

Also: f 00 (1) = 12 (1) + 6 = 18 > 0
Since f 00 (1) > 0, f (x) is concave up at x = 1

(1, f(1) )

Hence, (1, 14) is a relative minimum.