CL305: Solid Mechanics

Autumn 2015
Instructor: Sameer Jadhav (srjadhav@iitb.ac.in)
Room: 112B
Phone: 25767219 (Off), 25764247 (Lab)
Teaching Assistants: Amarender Nagilla (amarendernag@gmail.com)
Ashwin Nandagiri (ashwin.nandagiri@gmail.com)

Grading Scheme
Attendance compulsory: DX grade for attendance less than 80%
Quiz 1
10 % (1 hour)
Quiz 2
10 % (1 hour)
Class Participation
5 % (tutorials solved by each group)
Mid semester examination 25 % (2 hours)
End semester examination 50 % (3 hours)
1
Make-up exam : With hospital slip submitted as soon as you rejoin class

Texts
1. J.M. Gere, Barry J. Goodno, Mechanics of Materials, 8th Ed.,
Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2014
2. F.P. Beer & E.R. Johnston Jr., Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
and Dynamics, 8th Ed. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2007.
References
1. E.P. Popov, Engineering Mechanics of Solids, 2nd Ed., Prentice Hill,
New Delhi, 1999.
2. F.P. Beer, E.R. Johnston and J.T. DeWolf, Mechanics of Materials, 3rd
Ed., Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2004.

Syllabus
1. Rigid and deformable solids; (Ch. 1, Beer, Johnston)
2. Forces acting on rigid bodies; (Ch. 2, Beer, Johnston)
3. Free body diagrams: Resultants of forces and momentum; (Ch. 3, 4
Beer, Johnston)
4. Method of joints and method of sections for evaluating internal
forces in bodies;(Ch. 6, Beer, Johnston)
5. Concept of stress - normal and shear stresses; State of stress;
Concept of strain - normal and shear strains; State of strain; (Ch. 1,
Gere, Goodno)
6. Hookes law; Constitutive relations; (Ch. 1, Gere, Goodno)
7. Axially loaded members, force and deflections; Indeterminate
systems and compatibility conditions; Generalized Hookes law; (Ch. 2,
Gere, Goodno)
3

8. Torsion of circular shafts - determinate and simple indeterminate

systems; (Ch. 3, Gere, Goodno)
9. Elastic theory of bending of beams; Shear force and bending
moment diagrams; Bending and shearing stresses in beams of
symmetrical cross-section; (Ch. 4, 5 and 6, Gere, Goodno)
10. Concept of shear flow and shear centre; (Ch. 5,6 , Gere, Goodno)
11. Transformation of plane stress and strain; Principal stresses and
strains; Mohrs circle; (Ch. 7, Gere, Goodno)
12. Stress in cylindrical and spherical shells; Thin-Walled Pressure
Vessels; (Ch. 8, Gere, Goodno)
13. Bending deflection of beams by direct integration method;
Application to simple indeterminate systems; Principle of
superposition and its limitations (Ch. 9,10, Gere, Goodno)
14. Elastic buckling of compression members; (Ch. 11, Gere, Goodno)
4

Mechanics
1. Rigid/non-deformable body (negligible deformation):
Statics (rate of change of linear and angular momentum is zero)
Dynamics (acceleration due to force)

2. Deformable solids: Solid mechanics (F = -kx)

3. Compressible and incompressible Fluids: Fluid mechanics
yx = -(d(dx/dt)/dy)
A solid will deform upto a point under a constant force
A liquid will continue to deform under a constant force

Beer & Johnson, Chapter 1: Rigid body

Parallelogram law of addition of forces: Two forces acting on a
particle/body can be replaced by a single force called the resultant

Principle of transmissibility of forces: The state of rest or motion of a

rigid body will remain unaltered if the force acting on it is replaced by
equal force (same magnitude and direction) acting at any point along
the line of action of the original force.
Newtons first law of motion: A body will remain in its original state of
rest or motion if resultant force acting on it is zero.
Newtons second law of motion: Acceleration of a body is
proportional to the resultant force acting on it (F =ma).

Newtons third law of motion: A body exerts a reaction force of

magnitude equal and direction opposite to the resultant force acting
on it.
Newtons law of Gravitation: There exists a force of attraction
between two bodies F= G Mm/r2
Where M and m are the masses of the two bodies, r is the distance
between them and G is the universal constant called constant of
gravitation.
On earths surface GM/r2 = g.
Thus, W = F = mg
Where g ~ 9.81 m/s2 is the acceleration due to gravity and its exact
value varies with position on earths surface.

Beer & Johnston, Chapter 2

A Force may be represented by a vector because it has :
(i) position or point of action (ii) magnitude (iii) direction
Two vectors are equal if their magnitudes and directions are the same
Negative vector is a vector of equal magnitude but opposite direction
Addition of Forces/Vectors
Graphically, vectors may be added by the parallelogram law where the
resultant is the diagonal of the parallelogram formed by the two
vectors acting at a point.
P

R
P

Q
Q
Alternatively, the triangle rule may be used where vectors are
arranged in a tip to tail fashion where the resultant is the vector
joining the tail of the first vector to the tip of the last vector.
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Resolution of a vector into planar rectangular components

F = Fx i + Fy j where i and j are unit vectors along x and y axes
Y
Fy = Fsin

F Fx2 Fy2

Fx = Fcos

Resolution of a force in three dimensional space

F = Fx i + Fy j + Fz k where i, j and k are unit vectors along x and y axis
respectively.
Fx = Fcossin
Fy = Fcos
Fz = Fsinsin
Fx = Fcosx, Fy = Fcosy, Fz = Fcosz
Where cosx = Fx/F, cosy = Fy/F and cosz = Fz/F
are direction cosines whose sum of squares equals unity.

Particle/Body in Equilibrium: By Newtons first law, a body in

equilibrium (state of rest or constant motion) has zero resultant force
acting on it. Fx =0, Fy =0, Fz =0,
Free Body Diagram: Isolation of a particle or part of a body for the
purpose of calculating resultant force acting on it.
Law of Sines
|BA|
=
sin

|CB|
sin

|CA|
sin

Law of Cosines
|CA|2 = |CB|2 + |BA|2 2|CB||BA| cos

10

Chapter 3 (Beer & Johnston) Rigid Bodies : Equivalent system of

forces
Scalar or Dot Product: Projection of a force in the direction of another
vector
A
The dot product of two vectors is

a scalar k = A B = |A| |B| cos

B
The projection of a vector along another vector
Projection of A along B has a magnitude = A B / |B|
And the direction of the projection is the same as the direction of B
F = fx i + fy j + fz k
Projections of F along x, y and z axes are
F i = f x,
F j = fy,
F k = fz,
A = a x i + ay j + az k
B = bx i + by j + bz k
A B = axbx + ayby + azbz

11

Vector or Cross Product: Moment of force and conservation of

angular momentum
The cross product of two vectors A and B is a vector C,
where |C| = |A| |B| sin
C=AB
The direction of C is perpendicular to the plane containing A and B
and is given by the right hand thumb rule. B A = (A B)
A = a x i + ay j + az k
B = bx i + by j + bz k
C = (ay bz az by) i + (az bx ax bz) j + (ax by ay bx) k
C
B

A
12