5

()

5.1.
(
),
.
5.2. .

.
, ,
, , .
, .

( )
.

( ),
, h (. 5.1),
, F.

5.1
.
, , F,
F. ,
.
56


, , Ux = V Ux = 0,
V 0.
x,
, ,
. P y.
,
. ,
. P
.
, x,
, y.
, .

, .
, ,
, F,
.
, Jp,

, x.

J p

d x
dy

(5.1)

.
.
S.I. kg/ms,
g/cms CGS, Poise.
1 kg/ms = 10 g/cms
.
, .
Poise .
,
, , Jp
, Jp
.
:

F S

d x
dy

(5.2)

S .

57


, , Poise
(oC)

1,792 x 10-2

53

1,71 x 10-4

20

1,005 x 10-2

9,86

1,81 x 10-4

40

0,656 x 10-2

2,31

1,90 x 10-4

60

0,469 x 10-2

0,80

2 ,00 x 10-4

100

0,284 x 10-2

0,17

2,18 x 10-4

F , x dx/dy
x , .
h , x . dx/dyy=/h,
(. 5.1)
Jp

S
h

, ,

(5.3)

5.3.

, .
F ,
,
F K . K .
r K 6 r ,
F 6 r
(5.4)
. (5.4) Stokes
r
.
: B gV ,

A gV F 6 r , . 5.2.
, V
g .

58

 5.2
:

(5.5)

m V V ( 4 ) r 3 , :
3

d
6 r

g
dt

d
9

g 2
dt

2r

(5.6)

(5.7)

.

, d dt 0
()

2r 2 g

(5.8)

. (5.7)
d

dt
2r 2

(5.9)
(5.10)

(5.9)

(1 et / )

(5.11)

59

 . 5.3,
.
,
.

5.3
(5.11) .
,
, ( ).
,
, . (5.8)

2 r 2 ( )
g
9

(5.12)

(5.12).
, F
.

, Reynolds (Re). Reynolds
(Re)
, .
Re

(5.13)

, d ,
.

60

5.4.

:
5.4

()

: x1, x2 x3 . 5.4.

1. M. Alonso E.J. Finn. . 1:

, . 7.8, 7.9, 15.1, 15.4, 15.7 ( 1981).
2. Berkeley. 5: , . 8.1, 8.2. (
1978).
3. . , , , .
4. , , , , ,
(, 2010).
5.5.

1. S1 x1 x2, S2 x2
x3 S x1 x3. ,
.
S1 S2 ( )

61

 . . ,
S , .
2. .
3. 10
4. r1 ,
t1 S x1 x3.
5. 4 9 .
.

i

ri
(cm)

ti
(s)

i
(cm/s)

1
2
.
10
5.6.

10
, 1%.

1.
I.
2. :
() , r r
() ,
3.

10

. ( , r, ).
4. ,
.

m
r

. (%)

5. . (5.12) , , ,
, .
, I,
. g = 980 cm/s2.

62