10

10.1.


.
10.2.
.
,
, , ...

.

, U, ()
+Q Q. To
U:
Q = CU

(10.1)

(10.1) C, Q U,

H ,
.
.
, ()
, ,
:
C = 0 S/d

(10.2)

S , d
0 .
S.I, Coulomb (C)
Volt, (V), Farad (F, F = C/V). 0
8,85 10-12 F/m 8,85 pF/m.
, ,
.
R,
(10.2) f:
C = 0(S/d)f

92

(10.3)

 d/R.
f d/R:
d/R

f
1,286
1,167
1,094
1,042
1,023

0,2
0,1
0,05
0,02
0,01

.
, C0 C ,
r = C/C0

(10.4)

. r 1 , 1
, 81!

r, r
C = r 0 ( S/d) =C
r 0

(10.5)

= r 0
0 (F/m).
10.2.1.
, .
, ,
. ,
, , :
P = e

(10.6)

e
(
).
e /0 = r :
r 1 = r

(10.7)

93

10.3.
(10.1), (10.2) (10.4),
- . :

.

.
.

:
() (),
100 .
() .
10.4.
.10.2.

10.2

. !

:
,
20 cm ( . 20.2 C)
0-200 V ( )
( V),
( , G )
100 M ( R)
( )

1. Berkeley, 2: -. (, 1978),
. 3, 7.
2. M. Alonso Finn, , 2, 2:
. (, 1981), . 16.
3. , , , , ,
(, 2010).

94

10.5.
10.5.1.
1. . . 10.2.
2. 2 mm.
3. 25 V (U = 25 V).
4. () ( )
. ,
, E, G.
U Q.
Q ,
.
5. , C
. Q ,
, .
U, Q, Q . Q = Q Q
Q C.
6. 4, 50-200 V 25 V.
.
7. C
5, 50-200 V 25 V.
.
I
U
(V)

Q = Q + Q
(C)

Q
(C)

Q = Q Q
(C)

10.5.2.
0,5 3 mm,
0,5 mm . , (..
145V) , Q Q, .
.
II
d
(mm)

Q
(C)

Q
(C)

Q = Q Q
(C)

C = Q/U
(pF)

95

10.5.3.
, 4 5 ( 10.5.1),
:
1. . ,
50-200 V ( U, Q.).
2.
.
( Q.).
III
U
(V)

Q.
(C)

Q.
(C)

C.
(pF)

C.
(pF)

10.6.
10.6.1.
1. Q U , Q
U.
, C, C.
C C.
2. C (. 10.3).
3. .
10.6.2.

1. , C,
.
2. C 1/d .
3. .
(10.3).
4. .

10.6.3
1. ,
, (C.) (C.) ,
. (10.1) .
2. , . (10.4)
, r, .
3. r , r r.
4. ;

96