11

11.1.
(
). ,
, .
11.2.
11.2.1.
B(x,y,z)
.
Lorentz

(11.1)
F , q ,
. S.I. Tesla,
4
10 Gauss, Gauss CGS.

11.2.2.
L, b, n ,
, 11.1.

11.1

,
nL , b.
, ,
97


(11.2)

(11.3)

0 = 4x10-7 H/m .
(Bmax) (xmax = L xmax )
(11.4)
L >> b,
(11.5)
, x = 0 ( ),
(11.6)
,
cos1 cos2
(11.7)
x O1 (x > 0 ).
11.2.3.

( Faraday). ()
,
,

(11.8)
( )
.
d/dt, ()

(11.9)
R ,
I

98

(11.10)
, 0
, Q

(11.11)
, .
, /2,
,
= 0, , ,
,
.
. (11.11) , ,
, Q,.
, , ,
.

, ,
, .
11.2.4.
,
, ( ),
.
. 11.2 11.3.
. 11.2 n
S , ,
.

11.2

99

 . 11.3 ,
n .
(. 11.3),
(. 11.2).
, ,
, .

11.3. . : , : , ': , :
.

(, S)
(. 11.2). , . 11.2,
2d .
(sin ), ,

(11.12)
, Laplace, F,

(11.13)

(11.14)
= 2d . G = n
.
, ,
, = D,
D ,

(11.15)
100

 , , I
, D G .
I,
E. , ,
R, ,
Ohm,
E I ( R R)

R ,
.
,
,
(. 11.3) (
).
, ,
. = 2 (.
11.4). r,
(1, . 11.4)
(11.16)
.
(2, 11.4)
(11.17)

.


'
1 2

11.4
, , ',
. (~ 1%, /18 = 10) .
( = 0),
(I 0),
.
101

( )
.
, ,
, ,
( Lenz).

,
:
() .
.
() .
, te-t/, 0, .
() .
, .
, , ,
,
.
11.2.5.
,

Q=

Idt

(11.18)

, 0.

, , ,
. , .

.
(
, ' ),
Q ( , )
,
(11.19)
,
, .
(11.19),
.
11.3.
,
Hall. ,
,
102

 .

. ()
(. 11.1),
. ,
.
( )
, , .
,
, ,
-,
R.
-
(11.11),
(11.20)
(),
R .
, , ,
(11.20), .
, ,
.
(11.19)
(11.21)
R = R + R
-,
.


. . (11.2), (11.3)
(11.7).
. ,
,
,
, .
,
,
(11.22)
, ,
(11.23)
Ni i, Ai i
m .
103

 ( ),
. . (11.9) ,
N
.

11.4.

11.5. . : , : , :
, : , : , : , : , :

:
, (. 11.5).
I , (. 11.5).
, , (. 11.5)
. L = 0,30 m,
b = 0,06 m 300 (n = 300/0,3 = 1000).
, (. 11.5),
, (. 11.5), 12 V

'
, ,
(. . 11.4 . 11.5).
(
I, . 11.5).

104


( II, . 11.5).

-,

.
0,75 cm, = 1500,
, . (11.9), 0,265 m2.

1. M Berkeley, T : -.),
(, 1978).

2. .J. Pain, . . 1, . 1.12 (,

1990).
3. , , , , ,
( 2010).

11.5.
1. ,
( I, . 11.5).
2. .
( I) 1
I, ' (.
11.5).
3. , , 4
. I.

I
()

' (cm)

Q(C)

()

4. , , 3, , ',

, 5 cm. 6 4 , 2
. II, x
.

105

 II
x
(cm)

'
(cm)

Q
(C)

()

5.
(11.11) (11.19), .
I ,
.

11.6.
1. 2-4
I II.
.
2. , ,
I, = () ( I).
; .
3. , ,
, x, , = (x) ( II).
. (11.2) (11.3).
.

106