19

19.1.

0 Bx .
19.2.

I , B,

F = I [lB] =

(19.1)

l [l B].

, ,
R :
B

I0
2R

(19.2)

0 .
(. 19.1),
. (19.1) (19.2) :

19.1. , I1 I2, ,
F, , .

l0 I1I 2
2R

(19.3)

I1 I2
.

178

 I1 = I2 , . (19.3) :

l 0 I 2
kI 2
2 R

(19.4)

19.3.
0 F,
,
.
(. 19.1).
. . (19.4),
F 2,
:
k

l 0
2R

(19.5)

k F
I F
I2. , k
(. 19.4). k,
0 :

2Rk
l

(19.6)

.

. . (19.1),
F
. [lB]
(l) , [lB] = lB = .
F I
F = F(I). F = F(I)
= lB (.19.1).
, , ,
:
B

(19.7)

19.4

.
.
, (. 19.2).
( ) ,
, .

.

179

 19.2. .

,
,
( ).
.
,
. :

.
.

. ,

180

 ,
-
,
(
).
R ,
( ),
. ,
R, .

1,00 0,05 mm.
,

.
,
.

1. Berkeley. 2 (E.M. Purcell): .

( 2004). . 6.
2. H.D. Young, , , , ,
. ( ..., 1994), . 28 29.
3. , , , , ,
( 2010).

19.5.
19.5.1.
1. ,
. ( ) .
2. , 20 mg
. ( )
.
3. 2 40, 60, 80 100 mg.
4. , F .
I
m
(mg)

F
(N)

()

181

19.5.2. , 0,

, R
.
, -.
R
. :
1.
,

.
3,2 0,1 mm
8,0 mm.
2. ,
.
3. 1 . .
() .
4. 3 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 8
.
II
I2
(A2)

I
(A)

()

F
(N)

5. .
19.5.3.
,
.
:
1. , ,
.
2. .
3. 2 . .
.
4. 3 4, 6, 8 10

III
I
(A)

182

()

F
(N)

19.6.
19.6.1.
, F,
, . , , F = ,
, , .
19.6.2. (0)
1. 19.6.1,
F, , 2,
.
2. , F,
2.
3. k (.19.4) 0,
. (19.5) . 0.
19.6.3. x,

1. 19.6.1,
F, ,
.
2. , F,
I, .
3. , F(I) (. 19.1) Bx,
. (19.7) , Bx

183