Professional Documents
Culture Documents
20.1.
Planck.
20.2.
. .
:
()
()
()
.
, (),
() (). ,
, ,
,
. , ,
,
. ,
, .
1905
Einstein, Nobel.
20.2.1. Einstein
Einstein, ,
()
= h
(20.1)
184
(20.2)
Ek
.
20.1 .
.
()
.
.
() . (20.2),
h <
(20.3)
.
() . (20.2). , . (20.2)
:
Ek = h
(20.4)
.
20.2.2.
, (. . 20.2),
, .
, , , , e-,
, A. V,
(
I).
,
. ,
,
(/Lm),
,
.
185
20.2 .
.
, ,
,
.
,
"" .
,
,
,
, (..
, ..).
,
. ,
,
.
.. , , ,
, , ..
20.3. Planck
Planck. H . (20.4).
,
.
,
, .
,
, .
186
,
. (20.4).
. , ,
.
,
, .
. , U,
Ek,max = e U
(20.5)
e .
. (20.5), (20.4)
U =
e
e
(20.6)
,
U = f ().
. (20.6) U = f () (. .
20.3) , h/e , ,
.
20.3
U,
, ,
.
Planck, h,
0,
, ,
.
h/e,
e, Planck, h.
, ,
, ,
.
187
20.4.
:
()
()
.
. 20.4.
,
.
,
600 /mm,
. , , ,
.
.
20.4
188
20.4.1.
(. . 20.5).
, U
. ,
. , ,
.
, ,
. ,
,
. ,
.
,
.
( )
.
1012 .
(. . 20.5)
,
.
,
,
,
.
20.5 .
20.4.2. Planck
,
U = f() (. . 20.3)
, e, Planck, h, , ,
189
, o,
.
190
( )
(nm)
(1014 Hz)
(578)
5,19
(546)
5,49
(436)
6,88
(405)
7,41
(365)
8,22
U (V)
20.6.
1. , U ,
.
2. ( .7, 32)
U = f() h, eV,
, .
3. h 6,6310-34 J.s. h
,
;
4. .
191