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20

20.1.

Planck.
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1905
Einstein, Nobel.
20.2.1. Einstein
Einstein, ,
()

= h

(20.1)

h Planck, 6,62610-34 Js,


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,
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(20.1)
Einstein
h = Ek +

184

(20.2)

Ek
.

20.1 .

.
()

.
.
() . (20.2),
h <

(20.3)


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:
Ek = h

(20.4)


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20.2.2.

, (. . 20.2),
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185

20.2 .
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Planck. H . (20.4).

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186

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. , U,

Ek,max = e U

(20.5)

e .
. (20.5), (20.4)
U =

e
e

(20.6)


,
U = f ().
. (20.6) U = f () (. .
20.3) , h/e , ,
.

20.3
U,
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Planck, h,

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187

20.4.
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20.4

188

20.4.1.

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20.5 .

20.4.2. Planck
,
U = f() (. . 20.3)
, e, Planck, h, , ,
189

, o,
.

1. Berkeley. 4: . ( 1978). . 42-46.


2. H.D. Young, , , , ,
. 40.1 41.2 ( , 1994).
3. . . , , , . ,
. 1 4.
20.5.
1. .
2.
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(. . 20.4).
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190

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(nm)


(1014 Hz)

(578)

5,19

(546)

5,49

(436)

6,88

(405)

7,41

(365)

8,22


U (V)

20.6.
1. , U ,
.
2. ( .7, 32)
U = f() h, eV,
, .
3. h 6,6310-34 J.s. h
,
;
4. .

191

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