Booklet 1

4 Chapters (Pythagoras, Probability, Statistics

(Mean, Median & Mode) and Volume and
Surface Area of 3D shapes)


1.

Answer
# = # + #
# = # #
# = 16# 8#
# = 256 64
# = 192
= 13.86

2.

YZ2=XY2+YZ2
YZ2=(3.2)2+(1.7)2
YZ2=10.24+2.89
YZ2=13.13
YZ=13.13
YZ=3.62

3.

4. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 1 inch longer than the longer leg.

The shorter leg is 7 inches shorter than the longer leg. Find the length of
the hypotenuse.

5. The foot of a ladder is 10 feet from the wall. The ladder is 2 feet longer

than the height that it reaches on the wall. What is the length of the
ladder?

Volume and Surface Areas of Pyramids, Cones & Spheres

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Probability of Single Events

1. The table shows the number of college students who prefer a given
pizza topping.
toppings
cheese
meat
veggie

freshman
14
22
11

sophomore
11
19
14

junior
28
11
22

senior
19
14
19

total

One student is chosen at random.

(a) What is the probability that the student prefers cheese toppings?
(b) What is the probability that the student is a junior and prefers veggie
toppings?
(c) What is the probability that the student is a junior or prefers veggie
toppings?

(d) What is the probability that the student is a freshman or a junior?

(e) What is the probability that the student prefers meat toppings given that the
student is a senior?

(f)

What is the probability that the student is a sophomore given that the student
prefers veggie toppings?

2.

3.

Statistical Diagrams, Averages of Statistical Data and Sequences

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

9.

11.

Measures of average in grouped and

continuous data
The mean
We already know how to find the mean from a frequency table. Finding the mean for grouped
or continuous data is very similar.
The grouped frequency table shows the number of CDs bought by a class of children in the
past year.

Number of CDs Frequency (f)

0-4

10

5-9

12

10-14

15-19

>19

We know that 10 children have bought either 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 CDs, but we do not

know exactly how many each child bought.
If we assumed that each child bought 4 CDs, it is likely that our estimate of the mean
would be too big.
If we assumed that each child bought 0 CDs, it is likely that our estimate would be too
small.
It therefore seems sensible to use the mid-point of the group and assume that each child
bought 2.
Finding the mid-points of the other groups, we get:

Number of CDs f

Mid-point, x fx

0-4

10

20

5-9

12

84

10-14

12

72

15-19

17

34

>19

The mean is
Remember: This is only an estimate of the mean.

The median
As explained previously, the median is the middle value when the values are arranged in
order of size.

As the data has been grouped, we cannot find an exact value for the median, but we can find
the class which contains the median.

Number of CDs Frequency (f)

0-4

10

5-9

12

10-14

15-19

>19

There are 30 children, so we are looking for the class which contains the (30 + 1) 2 =
1512th value. The median is therefore within the 5-9 class.

The mode
The mode is the most common value.
We cannot find an exact value for the mode, and therefore give the modal class. The modal
class is 5-9.

The scores obtained by students in Primary Science class are shown in the table
below. The passing score is and the students will get reward if he or she obtained
above 75 marks.

Mark (%)

0 25

26 50

51 75

76 100

Number of students

48

12

A pupil is chosen at random. Given that the probability of the pupil chosen
passed the test is

1
, find
5

a) the value of n and total students in Primary science class,

b) the probability that the students chosen passed the test.

c) the probability that the students chosen got score not more than 25.
d) the probability that the students chosen obtained score more than 25 but
less than 76.

Trigonometric Ratios

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7. ABCD is a rectangle in which PX = 8 cm, PS = 15 cm and XY = 10 cm.

Hint: To find some length, you can use Pythagoras.
D

30

16
Z
20
10

C
3
R
Given that sin BYZ = , calculate
5
a) the length of BZ,

b. the length of BY,

a) the value of tan YDC.

B
Q

8. In the diagram, ABCD is a trapezium. BC = 30 cm, CD = 14.4 cm, ABC =

75
and BCD = 67o Calculate AD.

10 cm

B
62

75

NOT TO SCALE

14.4 cm





D
A



In the diagram, ABD is a right angled triangle. = 19o, = 31o
and AB = 21 cm.
A

19o

NOT TO SCALE
o

31

Find,
a) the length of CB,

18

b) the length of DB,

c) and the area of triangle ABC.

Integers, Power Roots and Standard Form

Example:

Simplify the following expression:

I can cancel off the common factor of 5 in the number part of the fraction:

Now I need to look at each of the variables. How many extra of each do I have, and where
are they? I have two extra a's on top. I have one extra b underneath. And I have the same
number ofc's top and bottom, so they cancel off entirely. This gives me:

Simplify the following:

The negative exponents tell me to move the bases, so:

Then I cancel as usual, and get:

Questions
1. Simplify the following and express your answer in positive index form.
a)

b)

7 89 :

7 8; : <

(a

b3
ab 4

(>; ?)9
>8A ?

Standard Form
1.

Example:

Write 81 900 000 000 000 in standard form: 81 900 000 000 000 =
Answer:
8.19 1013
Its 1013 because the decimal point has been moved 13 places to the left to get the
number to be 8.19
2.

Example:

Write 0.000 001 2 in standard form:

0.000 001 2 = 1.2 10-6
Its 10-6 because the decimal point has been moved 6 places to the right to get the
number to be 1.2

Tips: On a calculator, you usually enter a number in standard form as follows: Type in
the first number (the one between 1 and 10). Press EXP. Type in the power to which the
10 is risen.

Questions:
a) Express in standard form.
i)

212

ii)

0.0848

b) Evaluate 212 0.0848 giving your answer in standard form.

2. The width of an object is 3.1 10-5 cm. When heated, it increases in size by
15%. Find its increased width, correct to 3 significant figures.

b) Express 19.8 km in cm, giving your answer in standard form.

Evaluate Simple Bearings

Example
A bearing is an angle, measured clockwise from the north direction. Below, the bearing
of B from A is 025 degrees (note 3 figures are always given). The bearing of A from B is
205 degrees.

Questions
A, B and C are three ships. The bearing of A from B is 045. The bearing of C from A is
135. If AB= 8km and AC= 6km, what is the bearing of B from C?

1. The figure shows the position of four ships L, O, V and E.

N
E
O

40

NOT TO SCALE

30
L
35

State the bearing of

a) ship O from ship L,

V
Answer: __________________ [ 1 ]

b) ship V from ship L,

Answer: __________________ [ 1 ]

c) ship E from ship L,

Answer: __________________ [ 1 ]
d) ship L from ship O,
Answer: __________________ [ 1 ]
e) ship L from ship V.
Answer: __________________ [ 1 ]

1. The drawing shows the positions of two towns A and B on a map.

On the map, 1 cm represents 20 km.
North

North

a) Measure and write down the bearing of town B from town A.

b) Town C is 90 km from town B on a bearing of 120.

Mark accurately the position of town C on the scale drawing.
c) Find the bearing of town B from town C.

Transformation

hese are Transformations:

2.

Rotation

Turn!

Reflection

Flip!

Translation

Slide!

A is the point (1, -3). Find the coordinates of the image of A under
a) a reflection in the line x = -2 followed by another reflection in the
line y = 1. Label the image A1.

b) an enlargement center (-1, 0) and scale factor 2. Label the image A2.

3. The diagram shows triangles A, B, C and D.

a) Describe completely the single transformation that will map B onto A.

b) An enlargement maps D onto A. Find

i)

the center of enlargement

ii)

and its scale factor.

Find the image of the point (1, 3) under each of the following transformations:
Key = Remember, use point (1,3) for all those questions below, dont do
clockwise rotation on point A, and dont translate point B
a) a reflection in the y- axis. Name it point A.

[1]

b) a 90clockwise rotation about the point (-1, 2). Name it point B.

[1]

c) a translation of (-2, 1). Name it point C.

[1]