Professional Documents
Culture Documents
filters
for
improving
power
quality
by
eliminating
are
I. INTRODUCTION
The escalating order of non-linear loads used in recent
days has led to concern the power quality is an important issue
in electric power utilities. The non-linear load such as power
electronic devices, adjustable speed drives (ASD), switch
mode power supply, UPS, arc furnaces, which changes the
sinusoidal nature of the ac power supply current termed as
harmonic current [I]. The consequences of harmonic current
are mal-operation of electromagnetic equipment (meters, relay
etc), losses and heating in the system, poor power factor,
reactive power burden, interference with EM waves, reduction
in efficiency, reduction in voltage rating at point-of-common
coupling (PCC), etc. These problems need to compensate or
eliminate harmonic distortion [1]-[6].
The solutions available for mitigation of harmonic
distortion are passive filters, active power filters and hybrid
active power filters. Conventionally, passive filters are widely
used solution for harmonic suppression and reactive power
compensation, due to its simple in design and cost acceptable.
Passive filters are designed from non-active (passive)
component such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors. It
provide minimum impedance path for the flow of non
sinusoidal components of supply mains [3]. But, passive filters
have many disadvantage, it cannot filter the frequencies other
than those for which it was tuned, bulky in size, series/parallel
resonance problem and also limited to a certain type of load
[7]-[8]. The effective solution to overcome these problems is
active power filter (APF). APFs are better in filtering
performance, small in size and more flexible to use as
327
Cd!
C2 -
Ldl
Cd2-
Ld2
C4-
R2
C3
T
Doubk-IlmLxl
Filter
Scwnd-Ordcr High
Pass Filter
Third-Order High
PasshHcr
Doubk13!1nd
Pass Filte:t
100
80
60
.,
"5"
40
OJ
'"0
(I)
Where, v,.c
is the nominal voltage of condenser
and Qc is reactive power supplied by condenser. The filter
capacitance value is then obtained through,
20
0
Fund.
3rd
5th
7th
9th
11 th
13th
CSTF
harmonic order
= 2rr FsXc
1
(2)
LSTF =
2 2
(2rrfs) ho CSTF
(3)
n
R
LSTFj
CSTF
(4)
- --'-----
328
Cdl
Ldl
Cd2
Ld2
(5)
Under the condition of neglecting the reactors resistance
and capacitors dielectric losses, the parameters of DTPF can
be formulated by considering with two single tuned filters. Cdl
is given by,
(6)
Where, C1 and C2 are the capacitances of two single tuned
passive filters. The Ldl value can be obtained from,
(7)
The series resonant frequency
ws -
Ws
is calculated by,
--
.JLd1 Cd1
(8)
Thr!PhOl!
(9)
r-;:;:l
--.Jr
_
_
Cd2 =
d2
(10)
329
"':L{ltffi
'------"
I""
bJld:hr
Fig_ 8_ 5tls harmonic filter current (le5),7th harmonic filter current (b), IIth
harmonic filter current (1m), and 131h harmonic filter current
(leu) for STPF
;l:
lit: (
jl:
0.15
0.2
0.25
03
035
Time(sec)
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
Fig_ 9_ Combined 51h and 71h harmonic filter current (Ic5.?),and combined
11th and 13tls harmonic filter current (lei LU) for OTPF
50
100
150
ZOO
250
300
350
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
Frtquency(Hz)
(a)
330
20,-,,-,--,-,--,--,-,
18
1 16
14
12
10
f..
';; 6
OL-
50--L 1OO-l iLO
200
--
250
- OO
J
JL
O400
--4LiO-iOO
L
55O - 650
1 0liO--8LOO
850
Frequeocy(J!z)
(b)
Fundzmental (50Hz) = 533,TIID= l.4Z1'o
20.-----.----,---,---,
18
16
14
12
10
68
6
w
m
Frequeno:::y(Hz)
(c)
Fig. 10. (a) Frequency spectrum of non-linear load current (b) Frequency
spectrum of source current with STPF (c) Frequency spectrum of source
current with DTPF
Filter Type
Double Tuned
Filter
Capacitance
()tF)
(mH)
100
4.05
711
100
2.06
100
0.84
1311
100
0.60
5tn &7tn
CI-200,
C2=1902
L1-1.37,L2-0.16
1111&1311
CI-200,
Li-0.35,
C2=7300
L2=0.00984
Load current
rms
(Amp.)
%THD
rms
(Amp.)
%THD
37.83
21.58
37.62
21.71
20
41.35
12.l9
37.80
2l.94
40
41.36
8.40
37.81
22.01
60
41.33
6.43
37.82
22.04
80
41.30
5.24
37.82
22.06
100
41.30
4.45
37.82
22.07
41.23
1.42
37.82
22.12
Quality
Factor
No Filter
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
H. Akagi, "Active harmonic filters ", in Proc. of the IEEE, vol. 93,no.l2,
pp. 2128-2141,December 2005.
Inductance
5tn
11
[I]
331
[13]
[14]
Xiao Yao, "Algorithm for the parameters of double tuned filter," in Proc.
of international conference on Harmonics and Qualily of Power, vol. I,
pp. 154-157, 1998.
[15]
332