UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ENGINEERING

EET301 POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING

LABORATORY MODULE 3
SYMMETRICAL FAULT ANALYSIS

Name: __________________________________________
Matrix No: _______________________________________
Programme:
_______________________________________
Group: _________________________________________________

EET 301 Power System Engineering

Lab Module 3

SYMMETRICAL FAULT ANALYSIS

OBJECTIVE
To study the symmetrical fault analysis in the electrical system.
To determine the magnitude of the currents flowing throughout the electrical
system after a fault occurs.
INTRODUCTION
A short circuit fault takes places when two ore more conductors come in contact
with each other when normally they operate with a potential difference between them.
The contact may be a physical metallic one, or it may occur through an arc. In the metalmetal contact case, the voltage between the two parts is reduced to zero. On the other
hand, the voltage through an arc will be of very small value. Short circuit faults in three
phase systems are classified as:
1. Balanced or symmetrical three phase faults.
2. Single line to ground faults.
3. Line to line faults
4. Double line to ground faults.
For every fault we can see in the Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4.
VA
VB
VC

(a)

IA

IB

IC

Zf

Zf

Zf

Positive.
IA
(b)

Zf

Figure1 A balanced three phase fault

(a) Hypothesis diagram connection phase A, B, and C.
(b) Sequence circuit connection.
F

A
B

Va+

Positive.

C
Ia+
IA
Va-

Negative

Ia Va0

Zero
I+

(a)

(b)

Ia0

3Zf

Figure 2 Single lines to ground fault schematic

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EET 301 Power System Engineering

Lab Module 3

(a) Hypothesis diagram connection phase A, B, and C.

(b) Sequence circuit connection.

A
F

B
C
Va+ Positive.

Va - Negative

Zf

(b)
(a)

Ia+ = -Ia -

Figure 3 Example of a line to line fault

(a) Hypothesis diagram connection phase A, B, and C.
(b) Sequence circuit connection.

A
F

B
C

(a)

Va+

Positive.

Ia+

Va- Negative

Va0

Zero

Ia0

Ia -

Zf

(b)

Figure 4 Example doubles line to ground fault

(a) Hypothesis diagram connection phase A, B, and C.

(b) Sequence circuit connection.
CASE STUDY
Figure 5 shows a single line diagram of 6 bus system with two identical generating units,
five lines and two transformers. Per unit transmission line series impedances and shunt
susceptances are given on 100 MVA base, generators transient impedance and
transformer leakage reactance are given in the accompanying table. Using Mipower
system, do a short circuit analysis of the bus and the transmission line. The data is given
in the Table 1.

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EET 301 Power System Engineering

Lab Module 3

Table 1
Impedance Zpq
Zpq
0.00 + j0.15
0.00 + j0.10
0.00 + j0.20
0.00 + j0.15
0.00 + j0.10

Bus-code
p-q
3-4
3-5
3-6
5-6
4-6

Line Charging
Ypq/2
0
0
0
0
0

G1
1

2
G2

Figure 5 Single line diagrams

Generator details
G1 = G2 = 100 MVA, 11 kV with Xd = 10%
Transformer details
T1 = T2 = 11/110 kV, leakage reactance = x = 5%
All impedances are on 100 MVA base
EQUIPMENTS
MiPower Package
PROCEDURE
1. Open Power System Network Editor.
2. Create your own new file by click on Database Configure Browse button.
3. When the Configuration Information box appears, uncheck the Power System
Library and Standard Relay Libraries.
4. On Electrical Information section make sure the data is as shown below.
Base MVA
= 100
Base frequency
= 50
pu status

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EET 301 Power System Engineering

Lab Module 3

To draw the Bus

5. Draw the entire element as shown in Figure 5. Start your drawing with Bus 1 and
make sure the data in the bus form is same with the bus data in Table 2.
6. Follow the procedure no. 5 for Bus 2 until Bus 6.
Bus Number
Bus Name
Nominal voltage
Area number
Zone number
Contingency Weightage

Table 2
1
2
3
4
5
Bus1 Bus2 Bus3 Bus4 Bus5
11
11
110
110
110
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

6
Bus6
110
1
1
1

To draw the transmission line

7. Draw the transmission line starting from Bus 3 to Bus 4 as line 1 and enter all the
data as shown in Table 3.
8. Click on Transmission Line Library >> to enter the data as shown in Table 4.
9. Save and close the Transmission Line Library >> form and then save the
transmission line form.
10. Repeat the procedure no. 7 and no. 9 for Line 2 until Line 5.
Line Number
Line Name
De-Rated MVA
No. of Circuits
From Bus No.
To Bus No.
Line Length
From Breaker Rating
To Breaker Rating
Structure Ref No

1
Line 3-4
100
1
3
4
1
5000
5000
1

Structure Ref. No.

Structure Ref. Name
Positive Sequence Resistance
Positive Sequence Reactance
Positive Sequence Susceptance
Thermal Rating

Table 3
2
Line 3-5
100
1
3
5
1
5000
5000
2

3
Line 3-6
100
1
3
6
1
5000
5000
3

Table 4
1
Line 3-4 & 5-6
0
0.15
0
100

4
Line 4-6
100
1
4
6
1
5000
5000
2

5
Line 5-6
100
1
5
6
1
5000
5000
1

2
Line 3-5 & 4-6
0
0.1
0
100

3
Line 3-6
0
0.2
0
100

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EET 301 Power System Engineering

Lab Module 3

To draw the transformer

11. Click on Two Winding Transformer icon provided on power system toolbar to
draw the transformer 1.
12. Draw the transformer 1 from Bus 3 as the primary to the Bus 1 as the secondary.
13. Check the data in the transformer element data form with the data show in table
5. Put the Manufacturer Ref. Number as 30.
14. After complete the transformer element data form, click on Transformer Library
>> and enter the data as shown in Table 6.
15. Save and close Transformer Library >> and then save the transformer element
data form.
16. Draw the transformer 2 from Bus 6as the primary to Bus 2 as the secondary.
17. Repeat the procedure no. 13 until procedure no. 15 for transformer 2.
Table 5
1 Transformer details
1
2T1
3
1
0
1
30
100
5000
350
0
st

Transformer Number
Transformer Name
From Bus Number
To Bus Number
Control Bus Number
Number of Units in Parallel
Manufacturer Ref. Number
De Rated MVA
From Breaker rating
To Breaker Rating
Nominal Tap Position

2nd Transformer details

2
2T2
6
2
2
1
30
100
5000
350
5

Table 6
Manufacturer name
MVA rating
Primary Voltage
Secondary Voltage
Positive seq. impedance
Positive seq. X to R ration
Zero seq. impedance
Zero seq. X to R ratio
Knee point V1
Knee point V2

2T30
100
110 kV
11 kV
0.05
20
0.05
20
1.05
1.4

To draw the generator

18. Click on generator icon provided on power system toolbar to draw generator 1 at
Bus 1.
19. Enter the data as shown in Table 7 in Generator Data form. Enter the
Manufacturer Ref. Number as 20.
20. Click on Generator Library >> and enter the data as shown in Table 8.Save and
close. Then save the Generator Data from too.
21. Repeat procedure no.18 until procedure no. 20 for generator 2.

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EET 301 Power System Engineering

Lab Module 3

Table 7
Name
Bus Number
Manufacturer Ref. Number
Number of Generators in Parallel
Capability Curve Number
De-Rated MVA
Specified Voltage
Scheduled Power
Reactive Power Minimum
Reactive Power Maximum
Breaker Rating
Type of Modeling

GEN-1
1
20
1
0
100
11
80
0
60
350
Infinite

Table 8
MVA Rating
MW Rating
KV Rating
Direct Axis Transient Reactance (Xd)

GEN-2
2
20
1
0
100
11
80
0
60
350
Infinite
100
80
11
0.1

22. After complete your drawing, click Solve Short Circuit Analysis to do the fault
analysis. A short circuit analysis screen appears as shown in Figure 6.

Click here to select case no.

Click here to open

short circuit studies
screen

Figure 6
23. Click Study Info to open the short studies screen as shown in Figure 7

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EET 301 Power System Engineering

Lab Module 3

Fault in bus

Fault on line

Figure 7
24. On Short Circuit Data section, select the Fault Type as Three phases to ground
fault, select the Bus number as 1 and the Bus name is Bus 1 as needed in result
sheet.
25. Then, click on the Short Circuit Output option section and select the data as
shown in Figure 8. Click OK.
26. Click Execute Report (Figure 6) to view the report of the short circuit analysis.
Put all the data needed in the result sheet.
27. Repeat procedure no. 23 until procedure no. 26 for fault on different buses.

Figure 8

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EET 301 Power System Engineering

Lab Module 3

To plot a graph
1. To plot a graph, click Execute Graph (Figure 6) and a screen as shown in
Figure 9 will invoke. Click on Import and browse the file with .bin as the file
name.
2. Once you get the file, in the column description, double click on the time in
second and AC current, DC current and the total AC DC current on 0 sec.
Click the icon Plot at the bottom beside the icon import to see the graph.
3. Draw a graph for three phases to ground fault for Bus 5 and Bus 6 in the
graph sheet.

Column description
section

Browse .bin file

from SCS folder of
database folder.

Import file

Plot

Figure 9

LONG REPORT
1. Students are required to write a LONG REPORT that includes
introduction, brief theory, methodology, result and analysis, discussion
and conclusion.
2. Answer all the questions at QUESTIONS section.

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EET 301 Power System Engineering

Lab Module 3

QUESTION
1. Explain briefly what is fault in a circuit.
(1 mark)
2. Explain what is the positive sequence components, negative sequence
components and zero sequence components.
(6 marks)
3. Why the knowledge of the positive sequence network is important?
(1 mark)
4. What happen to the current flow in the balanced three phase system under
normal operating condition? Explain?
(4 marks)

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EET 301 Power System Engineering

Lab Module 3

RESULT SHEET
FAULTS IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
FAULT TYPE
FAULT AT BUS NUMBER
CURRENT

: Three phase to ground fault

:3
NAME
: Bus 3

Magnitude

Angle

I1 (AMPS/DEGREE)
I2 (AMPS/DEGREE)
I0 (AMPS/DEGREE)
IA (AMPS/DEGREE)
IB (AMPS/DEGREE)
IC (AMPS/DEGREE)

FAULT
P1 (MVA)
P2 (MVA)
P0 (MVA)
PA (MVA)
PB (MVA)
PC (MVA)

R/X RATIO OF THE SHORT CIRCUIT PATH

: __________

PEAK ASYMMETRICAL SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT

FAULT TYPE
FAULT AT BUS NUMBER
CURRENT

Magnitude

: __________ Amps

: Three phase to ground fault

:4
NAME
: Bus 4

Magnitude

Angle

I1 (AMPS/DEGREE)
I2 (AMPS/DEGREE)
I0 (AMPS/DEGREE)
IA (AMPS/DEGREE)
IB (AMPS/DEGREE)
IC (AMPS/DEGREE)

FAULT

Magnitude

P1 (MVA)
P2 (MVA)
P0 (MVA)
PA (MVA)
PB (MVA)
PC (MVA)

R/X RATIO OF THE SHORT CIRCUIT PATH

PEAK ASYMMETRICAL SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT

: __________
: __________ Amps

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EET 301 Power System Engineering

FAULT TYPE
FAULT AT BUS NUMBER
CURRENT

Lab Module 3

: Three phase to ground fault

:5
NAME
: Bus 5

Magnitude

Angle

I1 (AMPS/DEGREE)
I2 (AMPS/DEGREE)
I0 (AMPS/DEGREE)
IA (AMPS/DEGREE)
IB (AMPS/DEGREE)
IC (AMPS/DEGREE)

FAULT
P1 (MVA)
P2 (MVA)
P0 (MVA)
PA (MVA)
PB (MVA)
PC (MVA)

R/X RATIO OF THE SHORT CIRCUIT PATH

: __________

PEAK ASYMMETRICAL SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT

FAULT TYPE
FAULT AT BUS NUMBER
CURRENT

Magnitude

: __________ Amps

: Three phase to ground fault

:6
NAME
: Bus 6

Magnitude

Angle

I1 (AMPS/DEGREE)
I2 (AMPS/DEGREE)
I0 (AMPS/DEGREE)
IA (AMPS/DEGREE)
IB (AMPS/DEGREE)
IC (AMPS/DEGREE)

FAULT

Magnitude

P1 (MVA)
P2 (MVA)
P0 (MVA)
PA (MVA)
PB (MVA)
PC (MVA)

R/X RATIO OF THE SHORT CIRCUIT PATH

PEAK ASYMMETRICAL SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT

: __________
: __________ Amps

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EET 301 Power System Engineering

Lab Module 3

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GRAPH SHEET
Graph 1: ____________

EET 301 Power System Engineering

Lab Module 3

GRAPH SHEET
Graph 2: ____________

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