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Matter
ISBN 0-328-13837-1
<(sk$m)=bdidhb< +^--U--U
Vocabulary
Extended Vocabulary
atom
buoyancy
density
element
mass
matter
periodic table
pressure
property
volume
balsa wood
cargo ship
displace
hull
steel
swim bladder
withstand
Picture Credits
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material.
The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd).
Opener: Lester Lefkowitz/Corbis ; 1 Doug Wilson/Corbis; 5 Doug Wilson/Corbis; 9 (BR) SPL/Photo Researchers, Inc.;
10 Lester Lefkowitz/Corbis.
Scott Foresman/Dorling Kindersley would also like to thank: 15 (CA) IFREMER, Paris/DK Images.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson.
ISBN: 0-328-13837-1
Copyright Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any
prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to
Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
by Nairobi
Toller
In this
book you
cooking oil
water
syrup
Liquids of different
densities separate into
layers when poured
into the same glass.
A plastic block
sinks in oil but
floats on water.
A grape sinks in
oil and water but
floats on syrup.
Forces in Water
What happens when you place an object into
water? It pushes aside, or displaces, some of the
water. The volume of water displaced equals the
volume of the object. As a stone sinks in water, it
pushes aside an amount of water equal to its own
volume. Even floating objects displace an amount
of water equal to their volume.
Objects feel lighter as you lower them into
water. This is because the water pushes against
them with an upward force. Objects sink until this
force balances their weight. But some objects sink
to the bottom. This is because they are denser
than water. The upward force of the water is not
strong enough to balance the objects weight.
upward force
Archimedes
The Greek scientist
Archimedes discovered
that objects get an
upward force from
displaced water. He
noticed this when
he took a bath.
Sink or Float
A piece of clay shaped into a ball will sink.
But the same piece of clay shaped like a ships
hull will float. It has enough volume inside
to displace enough water to carry a
cargo of marbles too.
A clay ball and
marbles sink.
Boat-shaped
clay floats and
holds marbles.
10
11
Controlling Buoyancy
The density of submarines, human divers,
and fish can be adjusted to control buoyancy.
A ships hull is full of air. This helps it float.
Submarines can float or sink. They use special
tanks to do this. These tanks can be filled with
water or air. When the tanks are full of water,
the submarine becomes more dense than water.
It sinks. When water
is released from the
tanks, the submarine
becomes less dense,
Then it floats.
12
13
Water Pressure
Water presses down on objects. This pressing
force, or pressure, becomes stronger in deeper water.
You can experiment with water pressure using
a plastic tube and water. Put three holes in the
tube. Put one at the bottom, one in the middle,
and one at the top. Fill the tube with water. Watch
to see how far the water shoots out of each hole.
The water from the bottom hole shoots out
the farthest. That is where the water pressure is
greatest. The water pressure is weaker near the
top, so the water does not shoot out as far.
There is a weak flow from
the top hole in this plastic
bottle and a stronger flow
from the lower holes.
14
15
Vocabulary
Glossary
atom
Extended Vocabulary
balsa wood
buoyancy
ship of wood
balsa
wood strong andcargo
light type
density
displace
element
cargo
ship
a ship thathull
carries goods from
mass
steel
place to place
matter
swim bladder
periodic tableto move from
withstand
displace
its usual place
pressure
property
hull
body or frame of a ship
volume
steel
Picture Credits
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material.
The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
to stand up to something
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd).
Opener: Lester Lefkowitz/Corbis ; 1 Doug Wilson/Corbis; 5 Doug Wilson/Corbis; 9 (BR) SPL/Photo Researchers, Inc.;
10 Lester Lefkowitz/Corbis.
Scott Foresman/Dorling Kindersley would also like to thank: 15 (CA) IFREMER, Paris/DK Images.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson.
ISBN: 0-328-13837-1
Copyright Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any
prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to
Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
16
5.