Prassuoy Son PU a fonbe sy seysuron, easy qT + sha —vopwrouphpoureyy | 307118 -Kurooned “te fd RemnnSY 08d) Log SINS Send fo Sefeodoed) by - ga¢d oy (hooeua) “- 2aFSPYD Cavha Lamod anodon’) S-22¢¢0\9 (coms ULES gel] aregans’) & -eapdoy? Ca taouhpour ays $0 SMO] Fo maindy ) V- L%*deYD -HldFASB i slalenes oT — _ Tt 1 Kelvin = planck shatemen} + Lou of Weer cod comervalion of P ‘s—impottible fo Consieuct an = — — cle whose sole heal” energy From thermal reservoir inte equilibriur _ amount of —Nork. _§@ %= GH The energy Gan _ndther be created nor | “purpose is to convert be destroyed . 7! Gan be Converled. From g_single One Fizm borm te otber form.” Gmifation of Fics} loh oP. thermodyaniou High _lemp hi Heat & wore are mutually ~_| Reseneir 7, This “slakemeni does nahi speciFy yp a : _ ihe fotal conversion of heal equalt | | equal Here. The mechanical Work can e)—> = Ga, be bully converted inte energy. Bub _ i] Only a pari of heat energy | T* _ Gooverled inte Werk, i TL Tou Femp Reoervoir 5 is impossible for self aching main On cyclic process Fo to trate, bo. lour temp. fa the add TR Hialermegl decoiT apeity tne direction oF Flom oF heat and~ work: is Heat flous Frees hot body ot From Cold body tyene prenos - josie 2 VRRP 7 dui, wpe pve [t dot ne J i dese Tpoq 404 fed @toredo \ Kpeq poopy [8 den nei PI ot =bjpunaans a iu 3 uduad eu, eqbig Apoq oq FAR 30 rae] dus, TORU aaa dao Fie Tk “Haporente Pee Tea pits grea fT TGR Topentutes = eopenams eqs | TRUBS SITES Pduny 7enq, fo Apoq pls oO AUpe\uww | Jo _waqBR Ojo Foal S]¥rwapo\s fraaid Sypho v1 Pep S15 “WCET? GIA] Jo SoHPloI_ Pq, aed aL ~ para 9Pe | Fei ere F Woe tpy dopo SAeS ep me po Passe pasisop >>» per Yeo juRowo > 41 of ySuo) foaq xo 4 WP? Sty, PUP Sig suOWreyred Jo Pualisges jo Guay oy Painomu si: dund BIOS Jojo bojar p30 ssvourraging (ee werent eayaad JQe {VePigec) ce areal\ | ioe 77} I t || Gasider_a heal engine Cpmm-m) which violoko [by receiving heal From i A Comerts Completely inh Work. a_heal “pump hich ts a i diiven iby | engine. _ - fi On the expense of work bi = @ | Supplied by the engine . it extracts heat Q From it extsacts heat Q, from lew Temp fe high Temp. and _rgjects Qrt@e Teoeroir _rejede heal @, And does tha do high termp. | Mort o> @-@ i “i Combine the engine & hea) “pump | Combine _H-P__and ‘engine into one sycks Jato One syslem Nosking bet® to heat He Vind that Gmbined system’ operates on ___feoervair as shoin in Fig _ aod s|_2ecsive heat fmm high - emp __ He bind that cole @)sena vo a ae —— ‘© © & TH = [a seer = “ay Riddns peru ) Bee a oe soop won > _ be — dod ~ > rl : —_ S aos - 75 = a aun [oa ty fas pia | - y c a) I 77 6g) | Sheba,[Page Nez (Ore nose J rejecked @= O40, a hh 3a _ H S56 = 0339, 4 org, — nis Qa~ 45 _ L -@ — & ~ x _ fi g& = 0:33 Q, + OF Os —— = _ =e __=.0-67 9 3 OF 92 i —_ — — i =34_ = 94 4 | = $, = Joo ty H _ S6 = 33 40.593 = 46 tle] Head supplyed by I" source loo F/s. @ [Heol supplyed by °F source 46 FS /s. I 4 = Wa @D_Thermal efficiency oF engine ____._ f Na = OSD Qe fe Q = Nokdne _ _ i Heal supply ——.—| R= Sao _ I: 2 Ue. 4 94 = 9, ~ 0-509, q 44s | %e. = oF _ = 40. — tt Joo 446 —| We koow the tofal wat dane Prom i 4 = O-eney the engine le _ H Ss _ i Wp = Jo _es/. _ Hl oH = 62 / I Tey cr |—____@et ne Sy ee y= shea 7. { fo = 0-67 9, + 0-9, —@| [Choos paw hydwa wqr ~ “ernpiay ayy avyp_wapwors | Faiportul ae | 9q PMeyS iG y dosyy sy Jr suspuoy 79 A x saps —burser—4o sPVO POR agp Rerwoa Pour Sy aforuspoos gO day poo ae PAGS PVs SH HIT POPS | se 3p sayom puro wearjs jmoyve — aoRmpoe—apaly bd PAP MatUapUSD gol UZ 2 aRepood pl manope je] Gory ~0>fe mRWar ef oO Fesvepuey pol, rejUNe) 2) ZaScapuoy WFNS s4oMPES) PL mos aporred 1), __Recspom PL iN) v [araposy a0 Sora wap - FBTOT II eae SP ora TRY eTPUN 90 Greg FOO 38 7 Oy wajon poy and Wddns qy 2) amp fO~ a ppwnepues—sqp—sonowq— par —Ri= Cates or assad Ho, 8 OTO\ GTO CUETO ST FSTUSPU GD _doogIT =tFBTURPUD JO mpo Wagon peposqo o “powapi (OIG Hue FoRwPS) Gia} ep S| Jeruapues Weays Vv PTasepuod | i —— a i aw tsi sas | raid wey (9.0 = dioi "4h Belles Feed pump: Tis pump which pumps the “f IL Condensake From Hot well to boiler i shea I __ [NEY 5 Ricextroction pump: 4 | a4 1s pump hich removes ie exhads > wee alr From the condenser 1 Eide mene vate Ser el Goligng Waler pump: dene i te ie Z 7 this pump which ltuates cooling __ | ee pees aaa Mader thmugh cndensec, = eee? Oster pom E i wT Beiter t 1. : Te Bo H Tils fewer @hich is used’ +> caol vee dhe bad sidken Coming Emm the Condenset. i | I Fig seam. sodensing plant _ I 1 | condenser: cee LAdotages of s:¢.P. 7 u 4s closed vessel inwhich steam i jy Tnerease the eFFiciency of plant ~~. cendense_The steam gives up & heat | [2 reduce Bock preasuc a6. Qchro during condepatio, IB: weduce lemp. oP exaust steam: | - So a it fedure cst oF poney ‘generation. 2. || Gadensate pump: Ip. Pt is a pump. hich removes _ na |@ndleraate; Emm _condemes te tot uel | | a - I Hod Wels _ ; _| i __ tis some bet the condenser g | A |_____belley Which “weceiven condennale a i Z [--—|_ Pumped by a cordensate pump. [PS SeVPA Mivoden 4 Bs Seep {UNG AYLIVaD) _ sagen Coys Sur Gus FH Seger) ag guy we avous 8 Pig HE vRLENG Fy [ST Grea jemoxy >a, t — 4 ain) 51 fawd Coyevapuay po _—_— _ pO SS Tr ; ARON en Pope bh { 30 Liygonbd Brey s fujoo 40 Kyjuonb e50) Wey! ee ee = duet tet “a poepnbsa. “Bordund Kap xg T rartapg VPN Sh Reriod 3e0ly +1 |fseuinbow St xertod ssa) lo | Lt “dued 70 204 _pepwa -dtund ojo tag TT [— — pang, SL waned star +9 | puinbos >, soned wow .s Tet t S Bpr | Awndwy waa 3a | Cujo Gye pax Sy aap BUj|900~ | ?. {9220p {1 ve pom fSIGN -2aI0q G1 RopeN | ecient \e Bains | P=) 90 Parnax “Peay 90 pom ag) P HTS HORpU™-y [OUD sporvopuw ow | come mmo eds wo bds __ { was zabioy vannboy Bei [fous way bay | <—! Fosuepoa fal Moz pelposog” 2 Fe8depuay fal 40 adh) om oerpojavour gq [isn & Pers (ou sab GET pee vapor Boise TaTuIpIAD sO pHs | [aveci| pam] . PageNE (Sae 7 i pete. oe ai © The condensate seeing titer and [Ol with each ate condenaake orcure lade Fons Foam ‘ep side ae i | __[and removes the ale by aie _extraction pump. the condensate __ to the hot wall ) The curpuls Wotey Flows in cooling take tank From overflow pipe. Counter Flou jet condenser : hang _ “TT Finally, theoe condensate Ps_exbacked to ee hot Well. with. the help of @adesate extraction pump. a a — ‘a ss pit [&——+= shel er Baromehic J condenser. pe er . ; pair pump — = fe Z —1 — —~ pecfurated | [Ty NS @ shell, ea y f Te rondentak extvastion saat —eet 7 ee oe ~ if ee - eet nn L Fig — — ate nal ates enter rom — b— 7 side _ilhen _thene9 coo ing Wahen and exhaust steam come in Yeontact ofSep ste x ——a d oe 4 ra eee, errr i t “poprecl we —rarvepoos—=yE voruspuss fel pena] Geigi paler oe of Ferwepod fa DEpWoIb_ O| ~ Toe) eet fs — 7 aaa] Mi ce Bes@ Finally these condensate, 1s extracted Tn _bet_well through _tondensale_extiaction Purp Down Flow sutface condenser :—> Bortr-Aler eshowt slear tid A surface condenser em has great )_aslvaolage over the jel condenser $= as the " onde naate no i give fe Co~ Wbe io pele (eg {> air extracted T pup =" condensate (Th down Flow curhace @ndenier, the ‘exhaust sleam ener of the top cide 4 lpbws downwerds. over the lubes due h force of rave by & Air exbratlion pump is Fitted at bot _ “slde, 3 The buff is pavide [> creae the Obstruction bel! codensaleeed ome 75 —Waler jank %. bambarded on ¢Sppor [zee cooling Haley — ‘SD. Correcked vaccum = Jeo — (Basomehic vou Sr rea — (ee = = A) Vaccum efficfency = Condeniale T I - fchiol_vocoum eT 7 +: v Idleal vacuewn: = | - ~ 5 T ~ cooling walev Wt Ideal vecuum = Barmenehic — Idea! icc lating - - — — The cao! eM coal >) @nverslon = _ dubeo _onloct Otth secure tn Hot well, When this “coolfng wlaber ts come fn that G&ppew tubes, condensate | Finally this condensate ts shee through condensate extrachidn | dusting cc enm_of Hg mm. > __baw. mmx 0-00 128, haw al (D Vaccuum “reading : ‘100 mm oF Hg Pc__== Pa -+ Pe. @ | Balon's lo) of pastial pressuee. @ Barometric reading 1 160 Mm oF Hg ® Condensale jemp 1 _a4te. _ i [Where Pe ! P. © _ pressure oF _ 2 Condenser” pressure. : pastia) pressure of air _. £ Ps! partial pressure oF shea m. | _Ondenser = Baramenic — waceum reading lifind G) Pawtiol pressure oF air GD mass of Bg por _m? of Condenw ——- ~eashg |2 ZNO —9989'0 se = 20 i Fo sant eand poyany ey Gye Ga FO wry Us" BUADDA _popajics yp [ "ture BH 40 aac Spm | DH auarteq aq) Ga4qN “BH ww /ars Hyon | 72 tuepsos 0 Of pea ® summon vi © RDG = 99%G0-0 BOG ESCO XOG — oy a0 ae OF = 09h fa) 4 4 “burpoas + pean EPDON = DepuAET = sinaid sorvapus SwnRon FegpCoy 30 6W sw jo swe © Jp Je eorad poupod © | por 3, Ott = ier -O 3% 2 dunp WOnepUG Cy tate TO Tide 09h = wieeax Jar Uaae 84 FO Gace On = burpoRs GrTDOn "[s2f 2etUapoey | Soanp prpsmre arogny (uel DAresqo Boyronies © 1 OY BIG = i Vigs0-0— Bblo-o = fa 24 = 30 3° wnsrad poyed | PT LLib-o = puna! RUT GElOo-o ¥ObS = pppasio © — th 0 re OES = (aoa y ob = total ea BE OF eS - ~ 2 Saa0 Gi 05 = + “Sob peak = a ti Fo Gur as, Pee a> BRS 0 wag pUsx suDOR TORRID— —— fasta ruse ates S-GEx 159 (0-00133 Fam oF tig mass per mS voccume Ma = Pv { = SI-8g—Mmm_af Hg | + [ adeal pXSRES = 60 ~ 31-24 i = 71202. 10 t eFFicienog of Vaccume = Noo or Co, ¢7 728-10 Wie Caloulait Vatoume ePhcieney Fro | the Pllowtag data > Given = 991d e The vaccume efPicfency of condenser is 96 /, The temp. oF condensey ts 4°C tf the ; | hamomehic weads Ip mm of Hg. bad Vamuir at skeom let to condenseY ov iL | Actua) vocuum = 790 mm oF He a tarot creoding——160—mm oF “Hg G@)_The vaccume guage Feading se _comdener ‘ven [ 0, = 367 __demp. ot condenger = 40°C a a | barmmehic reads = 182. mm of Hg____ efficiency Oy = Achial vaccuum _ q Achia) vacuum = 2 a ____ ideal Vacuum _ + deo) pressure = 0-087 bar = SE-4ommot _ a | Tdea) vaccum = bevomehir aia) _ _ i veod pPreosure Idea) voctume = i =_ 152 — sso. ; 36.4 Mmor Ha re ee - Z Dy = Achial yr 199 - i ee _ dead ee _\fdeal pressure = ovomaut J, gore, ge _ fea) Joo we aCHEN SOK ETO _ ae T OS _ = T [FOS ees SS 0 OX Sor i spay Sy reer il Prpy = G i PY TOO ‘ BIILOG XS ~ 7 T Cr FO war Bs = i | FO WHA Fess, = i Goh = H5h = OPS WLS i RU N2D0A pee - vend wnArad — 4 TPRpY Fe eurebg —=— xvporuepuey | Pepe eRUraEEy = Sun DOR paps. TD SOW 5° Goppormapsy 69 Jo-we ——eas = — Th AS HW ST = ” a 7= 7G oy BE190-0 i 2 aroaajs so Bor 30 seow % SI0COO = I : = WY WS OCTO = anid peopy 2 8h = a vespIE 30 damy “Ba go ww FL = Wn nwDoA ponjsy 2.8 Sx eponepac jo dua ay tu | JO Wa HSL oy SPOOR FUP ORE Sy CPAP “PH fo Gu OL Sy GC poyagous —Unnsea 7Yyh “aeeepoc OHNE OUTBand pipe Filings C . . | fi Vie pumps] _ oe fo - — | ——______—___ nn fe uncondentable air _ eo oo _ | ~~ oe fo ne QoRr worm rg 81 =r “tT CbbS- 3 + ossEO19= = OO —T t Ey VEIOO OMRE OF Mt yee t fps ory be C2e6-ce i 5 Ri- gs i San nian: cae FRE We — pest oueR = od Rh i = Rus re i — aagsroar gore ay erg POTSPTS. i = SH ww wae TOR = lwrpeae win 0K io rb Ses see = tay pO Vis at = 308 Ss way BLOT erry == t ~ ETSI} = Law = - ~ _ Ldws fd baw sad @ o raped AT x 391 BBG QSEE0- 0 — brag ) ar “age = t =) Qt I + 4 _ —— FOr SOM oe = — — - - _ Gare) I or payddins“waes{s 40 sso: sta ayn ; C4749 sus Spry Be heer 4 — ~ — Sxeose = - (ibe = e295) XFER T= i i “CISTy (S=*55 ] _ —_ 809p Wen GS) - _ apa —esreee re rorretry 20 ~ shee FeeT = Fos nbs pos = hospi pureg 7 Te Cy = 7G = __ pepelae peu GD Tp ——aF remsae = ofe7 Ruspisz - Sr areas - ~ bvoX (3h) = Om asjsgae Tae ae | tse af RwapPNss powrqy Jo UP) ir = Ofek Boapage + 2 Paiddns “Fou @) _ ; apo sroden VATA Feb 1 = CS= 5) s4wourRpewrey} 284 OL] arowiojad —* z = abe ae = _ 5 = ee SL | - oo 7 enn e = voydau |fee i = | _ _ ~~ I = = (hunkio Compressoe || Given oo . — Hork Worle “7, = loots = 373 & i “Turbine lore Wg =e Sea kL Z S,-S, = 0-968 kg/ i 3 SpecPbic_skeam Comumplion —> Se i or ~ Oo _ | Bheam rate or __@ Heat supplied = ee __Specibic rate ae Flow oF slam. it Gs, RT ___ _ bere: ahis defined ar the mavs of =. 0-968 X fe6 373 Steam thot must be supplyed to & = 86)-064 sity Skeom engine. 0+ turbine 29 ordew [a a i to develope a unit amount OF Liork. @ Heat rejected | OF peer outpul Gs) xt — ; ~ oe _Specibic sleam a kw - SSR ET Condu mp Hon oH = 2Aset KI ky SOO 8600 . - _— Ts tp @> Work “done Ww Gono = Ey) = On-5) C= te) __ Ro. 184 — @ In carnot eye. \ [— supplid i _ a C | Q@ Hear rejecked [iis a= [> PG oie, = t © ebbideny, | = aE sy ofST Agaig fon 0, poup hoc sams Ge ae og D-14 FP Gorpwrjenodon Jo FO yore): hy r iad y Ldap ap Fog, wera 4g Peq seen 244 - — ihddas jo Lyscanau2qy ap wp WHS sq sq S vedng qm @>Ipad oy >rardo = mae SaaS aphs eal e ” rg age bg = “4-6 Stood GY “SpeIS PHBINDS Gp ap heridaquasy grafonyqben Ssard@oy ap {ponsip stir + _ = qr0sqo ere apa eager a= % Ina sams, Redueing the Average | _ s emp at heat” rejected. : . . SF re a saad | Moltied: “er * Moter Chart i= = | « : ‘Prablems 2 fey en Bry saluraked gleam ai (0 bar is supplyed . 6 bes? 7 s Sipe if ifo_a_primemover, ond exhaust takes plac | at o.9 bax: — TT peleani " : ‘foots. howl: dit (7 — p eres > _ Given —— i | Pol, Pa = lobay ore / Pa orbar hfg = 7 aD | a Nye 987G hg = 2170 i — I a ~ —— 4 deipeb, Lrodis —_ ra = 2770-2170 i Jane Di a. fophy 4 Wo) # sahimation Line, Value ob _dogneas _ = 023¢ braction is 4 ns ! = a3.g| of _ 4 Je alSS9S = _ a i OO — _— “YON fy eos | bg = eae 1 ~ SOG ORL [ oble — O8ke 1 — egy = *4 tf i ~~ cose = 7 y= my | 0995 = “wig Gow = aeq fo = 4 Uaydumn rues Gres|s a qDads _S[taOtle Ss Sy AF 1 = oro = E se hea r | jpop sarprer-barme Py Reapeays Urs SOT se = oper —hnvspifs Gp agp apopopey eq po- po rarwepoay _ — + ee i al Oe ke bESt = padding sp st {vad Tred Gos vy! “Tse = one ble = O8ke > fv ~ = wwe = ob Se = a fa offs = PY wT TO = FY a F iO [Arey ose SF alA sienple Rankine. cycle, shea en poner plant operakY bef? the temp — et a oo ree enna Vester Fe [= Po_= lobas be = 270 ka] Pa = 0-1 baw hs = 2070 Py | ty _ __ . Ranting ebticens hem hs Ty = 260° crg3r Pa =4enggbar ho= eal Fy - baa yy Tas UC = 368 Py = Ontur2e bay he = 5 Ih { a 27ev_~2070 i 2780 —wer0 |). F |ebbiciency ob camel _cyde = [- ty | _ OT d _ Te Thermal eblnicienty » _g600%P—___— =, 368 - a obsess he) _ eS ha = o-30 gr y a = 360.0 K2R0 ¥ t a 900 Carew 191-2) Rankine ebbieny = “i=—=F r Se —ha—hfz as ym aie _249y — — — -. Mealeulate. +he—Rankine_ FFicieney — i = 43g using malin char eg I . Sp Eng hig 2 se47 Po = IS ba thas... AGO ES Pa = 0-2 baw ha= 1860 Eales— - sai zap = PS _ Ta G99 = 4S isa = s=t — sb — [ewe Liwbex ay ehsbi = ay || — hongoe = Leer ~ way hae yy) a oe reas FG TY — Nt Bye Fy = SITE GTESOS > aE =a Gebrexcaro FE eT T Dae = YS lara aq AEG BOY] _ Pe EE mz wang | — ~ bya LC = SAw) + eal = p ay Pp wo Tere FY Sy | he STS WOE TH PAA! F "ROT [Oo FH JtUapVe vo ayoy P>NroyNS q pq i do owned o pO Geays b. i Gis piddins so juqd semod Guways yk | : 1 i TS - TE EF OG = bss ~ SIS = se _ ; SH = Tbe — = — Gy spo — 2 ay = we= = ha hs heronal efficiency _ kh —l4reg _t ——— ~ = Bebo Xx Pe. 21¢n = = = 1 ms Chi-hba) ote aa 7232 = - [_ Entropy. before Atted ae, | SAPans ion, = ekPCh sion * Sg AA steam consumplon of ‘shear Engin = ~ — fs 20 tonne per shibl oF 2 hours. ~ SSS 0.649 + Fax 7-002 Hhen developing 220 knatt. dry and | Gatwatd steam enters the engine at earl lo bar pressure £ leaves ab of bax. br + 6, Esl a enklos elbicieney ¢ —thennaf = 762.3 + 2012-6 _ i g = 2978-9 EI) kg _ x hf = veo.6 _ — a Af = 2008. ¢ he = hfe + Xa hPa, 7 ESp.= 6.583 Yate po + 079) ee PRT ES bh obs = = —— SHON 20 Sa - = ops Wor a= "4, _ 1 ie 00 S355 _ ray ores SEE = _ 9 8e [es Seok th oke “Sasi 9 T3y = SEU, TOR en 20 lFenL _ SSB) CORD = oe 2 =S a er en Pre IPOs ort - __ qa DSL Bs = = ~ 4 _ bhLO —~bh Obr =sae) ga] @ “he simple Rankine cyde Works bed pressure 12 baw and 0.2 bas. the Pniifal condition ob __.._MRankine eff. — a @ Hore mato _ —_ ___ @ — be — c = i ® jobs CFs we Ed S Oven too Poe 2 bay Po = 62 baw Turhine Work = Cha—hy) bh = 798-4 Falke hey = 2S1S™ Woky = A78..7 = 21464 h = 19¢4-2 Ex/kg hbp = 2958-4 kal ks = 636-23. eIlky __ Sg = sig KSI Sg = 0 832-1 Pump Work = xP Pry SE a Sho= _— 1077 =r _ - = 0:00] _x ([2~0'2) hay = sole. x18 yt enthatphy ____enthalphy me hebure expmaion = _abter expansion = go Nem = ' =___\lgo Kx] je = SS ee 10S = Sk - Ky Sf — “s = _ 8 _ Lele ko/icq = 0-@32 + XgKk 7017 _ dene = Xa = O-+603 aes Tarbine = pump Noit © Mode m6 3623 ie hee 748-4 4 1984.3 = bP. thry, = 278% hye 2S 64 xgx29se4 = 9146.47Preaune —preosure a ‘ ___Pleon_ ~Gadensater Cond enser— f= demp emp. a PaNg ew af ase ¥s P41 _@, Neccume eprrected fo std bamremehi« [eB ing - 2160 - ( bare = vara Charrosneheie — Veron. |= 960 ~ C165 Tle) 105. mi OT Condemer 5b ciency = to-t = 5; # q re ae Ea ood Ro teni " Es _ Wig = my Chshb : Cohn) _— Bhar 2 Phase pss db ching Hate — _ry RFoUTOXLDY =o eq PIs HF SF PO PaI0D FWADONO -uDas & red 2 4 Sspyy a C-c8Le) doe — so7e at _= > FUDPU an fo cas ergata - VRPUDY FO eu Med xO J oly ee d009G IES tan SoS Teta AS is — Cet 9T — Pe ere vie= CD= Rap? per ara ee Oc hs ol (HF) 1149 FO Pap Buijooy jo “dunt 809 = _ “vuay Uo a are iad soperr Besoos qo Piyuond _ “Gaydamtucs Gross 2Qbeds. Guapo = shoy %od PePa|D SFOSUEEUAD” “ae = Slay Tetepog | Four Sol = “post Defawone Tate po ways ae 0? fap v biyenp PPO AGH ualpoareaqe bo TROT, ea |i End roduction = As tec as, heal engine steady is ipo be cacerned the _shdy oF entrephy is important: 0* bead is nol equally” : Nork, the heal iohich is _supplye 40 the subslance al heig higher temp a5 qreal Possibility OF onversion int work rather thas the heal supplyed fo Substane af lower temp “This _impottonl thermedyanamic proper Which increaseo by addition heat ¢ removal ob head is deereanes. (© Enbophy ois the bun® geantily of heat, which shous possibility ob convesi = 90 head foto work.” . i In rewessible process, over the |_small cange ot temp, the increase or decreane of entrophy When. multiplyed by absolute femp. “gives the hea substance J g @ : 6a = ras] Where T: absolute temp. Ae increase in, entropy —_ latTOL (944 sw = Mu = G@ [rmoo = a Bez XL ie, = ta eK _ Se - “elo AEG Telbg Oo = Taare > Sn ST eee = SVEEOTO = _ Te a-7a_ = Ya Sektpe 2bG SL LeCO = 8d =n Wie SS TR STK LE ¥bq Le Feq Silo | EElooowss =1 ae AN ee we) wae” TunphS Jo fyederd se Rdenjug | ow ST — _ 7 — Oo" be cs Cipembaoy sings 0g b> ML — @_@ be Boy que CL) dunt spomesqo. haa!) ur CT 0 ao sp Bune ___ @ - FI poo ps1 — vba —romayred > pada 20h aS ~ or 1 pin vaqy — C7 dia opopnaneo; — = ee wo ee r rT Sap S TRAIT L : _| : ESO AT 5 set ~ apes saad Ips a8 vag area ap ponbe pyuo sip siquaaraey 104 Gene San 2 — a ————-ayex opyy 38° Se a qo pabayoy sypho- aq ss@uct Sep ~webrepow eee pares Sardegna) ——= — n 1 IM o> ial SE Haida aa a fp Riper emis —: Aqdojua Jo woborp 5-1 2 Riana esae Dore a tek us consider a Syste —_UOdergoi : —_ Tq reversible procece. From Slates fe : qate 2. along a path “4 - and _ $de fae “this path is tompleted from stale _ =e Zon ate state 1. along path MA" Le Now, Heare Sipphying clawsius Z 7 inequality for _rewesstbie “process. _ f 4g | ee Io HRs proces there is no_restricatian of path a5 bay a5 rerersible cyderet [Wher a Systers pacce threigh o Cycle Ore am) - a ba foe See be considereo! des. ¢-hun?-ottrihial-4Hnal shah o Oo bo - mite —_ New we are conider onather reversible. cqdle. Ta Shieh syskero changes trom ~ state 1 a state a.aiong the pals “UC and i} rehire From ehate 2 to | Slate 1 _olong a _podb “rl” _ _ Nhen _cyshen passes. Hheough tha _ cycle Ca 8-1 _ then mer ~ ,_—ther — fet as = — 8 eo = - sabsfrackng ~ © Famer ® ; Her Se fe 0 fa ler rain — a eg i i icin — af —— remyAELS= 9 (008 = vy CSM aes Sag $0 5 fT TOT ee ee iysosa a : an _ _ V2AID _ __ _ GUijeize-o = 43 WATE 349 ob) - Sen ert Uae Adajus Ci ebvoys jpop pug * FUN] jon - ~ 7 _anshs [ofrve po >, 001 afpajoor Uaqy S14 i Prion, sy @ but “Rade on sp : "by FIT wrssad junjwer fo 2.00% AF F,00) 7 te — qt, © “ogy PIgiSvenes F “epRy ove 7 Swa[qord, ‘(. 2p. UL] ber Sar fe = GF emo u0| 903 —po— her sp hare45 (2)-p- 9 a a Goyy Adiavenay | red 244 BN @- + — _ e oe © >@ wey frrenor—as Role, Gayshs ene te Paes qe Soqarayp - agisvnain sro Haid fv az sP 7 ORF ow at 9 aed —_ “FDOT o4pho sqlsonsIN To ; Tay 3g Mradad BRAUeKpow Rut Wg ha] oO rm po nea avin| Given. -I _ tattoos. = 873%. i __ m= o2kg. Dy Cho.nge ot aery during Consbanf — pressuc T= 1259292 = RK . Tae 2854073 = eR R — Sy) = 9-3 X MxXCp> seg oa - * oBx OSX 1X Jog Je are ly = Sa-3) = 1:3 bay los 4273 878k Change in enfopy ad constani aa XMA Cp X 10g "ave sigq_indicates enter decreases ____ __“tetal change io entropy —___ (Get Gs- 4) = - y OBO FS] _ AGB 0-21.44 @ (R014 4. gO 2144 4 Co: yaa) | SaaS = 2:3 = S ees °- aad wales ve_siqn “ghey deerrose io tines. io Enbopy O:2% 1 = o0.0s6y Cho.nge jo _enfropy a1 _conafant ~Vatluens. = = 9°38 X mx Cc 1: te = _23X O2x o- oor. PODS ER orks of perfeck gos ‘3 heateol laste. to 2ss%c, at comfant _ —peesure of above. itis Then | ~ Wes* al a co evieam va) wes (5) 8 to) = = 83x63 toe 00564 — TaAlrxjodsXCbS SAK S00 X FF - lf —_ a Kd = 7 HOG SRE 7 - >NOY OR = $e Pes a OTA tbe” a Rita sbeO = Sita bho = Lo S001 = “ATEA OF BF S Ry = 45 FY “aabe => ses} gt Oh10 = BUSCO = *A OF 19S F Web O=) oxen = reas = 3.080241 Tar 500 = N f __ : : foam | L (Sa0\ f. \ — - _ — (40 J Pf ebu0 YR[ty who = 9 7 (Aba[ta_ Seo: 74 WPL AS ered gy bognp Jie Te” Rae Buoys she pepo “Sere Sy Goiwvdxe T4Yo “dbf poy My pyre .08% dle ¥ ka | Geos 4Find the Hor done per tq OF gas... an OF a perfec! gas 73 io_reversible_@g isothermal prowess. > & 40° temp: at le bart = Wasi 4 ry Do __ i Hage soba = - wy 1020 x os 25 (28 pare = Change oF entiopy per kg oF gas. fate R= 229 br lkg-k. - Given - Pavan _ Pre) barsiolMiim ty = 40%. = 312K. m= bola x So ¥ os Px = lo bay = 16xJo$ Nim = _ ARTK 2942 Re = ogy bq |g = sete 19-27 ye @ Work done per ka elmore - 5 ; _ Hork done = ag met, tog (vo} —Q = mg (4,-4,) - wl ; x is W o-3—m xe.t dog (fy) = = J020 x [POoS _aq4.a = 2p00 . Change _of entropy per ka af gas 1 ~ a ate es Ir S75, = ss mg ( ys _ Bm TIS EY _ wo) = —660:| = 0.66 ¥alkg-K.— — i ———— ———F exe = Nai Sea = ey ne “pEya =,xe SRE s0lXoe y BAOG Ott ~ we ~~ *F i — = oO =p 33 i — ne - a 7 + es i (Shy wip sweor se0q wo = 84 | 7eeoy Win sx ae = xeq op = Y Hi Tobe =F a SHS VAT Std ~ EE ESA ~ CO Beyer -49e SKU] aNsad (1 —Cfasaar 90-2yyeod-va—poay—_O—PA9fa—— ose yw OSS) qu both =ee t SOX tO4 Teun she let B33 = C & _ 7) “koa Sravord yas bauyenp eb Tea = KY Fo Mayas go Wsops pu “panyraay | Taw = Ka freq do Nyon r4F *U,wrayea Ayaonb” 30 vosmidyg fain) aie qq{ Os reid worojey Ise obo Sy duet 4b [pun [00 af mojpo St [e55eN as - 53,06 30 due} puoi Hoye) JO anssad fo atinjon SO 93 padwand ta be ots Ubb = =u ‘psoak YL UY sO 40 ssow anes Rijgonk aq, Ssaadee puo “bu Cl-be Tre do Ss0u ay *Wiwvepg 2,09 | fo msi -dunp peo 204 oR a su - Eee KG Sinssaid Gy oO -wayshs eqP OPUS _ B xk;elxoe = pumas] ou <1 JtO veyipPY “Pose | “La “dlap Poo “jo enssad yo! _i SRA 31 UP {Ua " “Apoda> 40 jessen Vy | Aas i! TTTRu = 28-ge R Ra = MRR, fe) 3314 Fs = 2t7 ¥ fe i i RI kgmele R= SET "5/9! vessel of as m3 3 1 bam cooling procecs Gp=O 3? cre ora, Rei | Dam esse FSM, evtog (BH) J The —_ Lh Beg MOT 2qp—\ pe 947 49 (az) = ~—TS2_% ~ swe sigo tndicates thal, enhopy as decreases dus cealag frees GQ) Heat transfer: Cquantih 3) duxi n3 —_Ceoling process = me Cat) =—qHI7 x O72 ( a8 333) me A ~ asyaora ea. | R= Pa = —— 296 = 0-4Cy m - oor = t3i4 Ar cilia 2g a | Eee \ 50296 Kerley k?- ae bes zwOST | =a _ em = — au _ “COOTST wee = (8 0 bdaatus 39 Loy] “{UD{SUOD = yAd - ee aCe vgazihed Boyenp Riess go voy * ayy sol = 2bq1 =" ~ 7 ~ “bay Tt DEST C= “= 1a ~ 7 , sea Dare aay bl Ss w= 7A Ob, “$d | _ PLE _\ —_ oeeeors “e630 by seg Kdayura Go eS zoe) FOr XY or yp wnssad (Uy POW) ~C |, >bunqo puo 790 Jo PWNJON [eUl, > oF yr opr poo “APT 7 vo wary Tele = (en f¥0p OD = so, Ad ay Bu spsovow pessalesoo 3, TOP passed y gu Go JO) 3° wesied [> 69] eur 2) bor xPOXWX EC = ahs typed stroys Mates | IC=) SISK MG ¥ = *3X1 77 X Eve sign shows “that | TA certad ° oF ; Certarn volume of Gti 820 § €oreS tee ns at tek aoe Lee = TAS ‘Law = hg “pacman 2p Jo BAB, AaOHO™ DI (i) BUOPAVOM Bpwood poy vrmul w Twraes ASV = Ad 19 HO, ap wane Eoges io wos os, ~ pessaiduios Si SBS -duaray, St pap yO 40 apg an aie J@ Jo ba DO(Se Gy Enthalply chagge : = 0.0604 x OOOO: OR S-S = wamey (en | 4 Yas ©9-*je= 9S i z . (nar TOS Ve = 0-0 mm? qj iF 23 x 08K 072 (1g- lear Vy, ~ 7 —_ = 7 (ary, @ het done PAN = Pevs = __=0-0992%— kg }k n- : (@SK O11 —2-08X 6) AO Thus henge Me enbopy ts decreases = bes=) = ese" 9? 9 = Hae 7 KB 2° SrK10T ty Rio done oF Polyhopic paws is decrean_ OF Nifegen contain % an belind the Pressure Loss themp. 15 °c. baw. And Abe gas 15 compresied ___ isodhermally and vewenibly, Undi! tre Pressure te Increays uplo a ® bar Reemice QD Pv € 1g diagiam @_ Heal fou ® charge at anrery Heal blow is decreases . a HeotHow = Wowedone afd: _ _ _G_mase __ z : ei da sme Chet) “Gen a ; 02K o.712( 47e— 2—\ Ne 0.0.4, m3- a ? P= pos bas = 1OEKler Wimi oy I = By Tr saeco 2 a8 R=, ! i _ Ms Pr=4p hos = 4:2 Kil Nim*- Heal blow = 24°92 ge 42 _— ia = 4046-6 eR : eg (bor Mi gen) —mrelealay weigh? Tg SOR KS. pg th ore 2 = UAEer “aunjon y _ Nnewyd —_“Tuny vw _ borbirgs gain buys ow PHS y aoa payooq vedas — PEAY 9 , daibyyp "youd paypnyes Rp is aneqp _ Fe weaye Jo asyredad _gnoqeba ea, [1904 Gounis jo aSK) “Goyvabo periaaa4q),) GOL {{SCAW OD { Toa OL ATBBAS| oy sm@boueg 51 Do Mudysqna od ¥ a ta wash — Boy Cote) Daepaan wed er (indo wug { a dvi pyet Giwy vopowroyron ) Tmronpeqer wed fo Sipetod “YOlS PCS af BRIS YL Gay” Goyousojrunsy Abrus — 244 t +e4xD T hdres upeds—~G ** Oz sy Spy e eee pongo — pet Forza 3B XLbS XU = sol¥sol XGo-o Pio OW jon Ral angske Fy Pevaqo fq poy 4; VE _ + Adeje >1J pads “Lada = 'Nd Gobeahe Jo 350 Wors SHRedS FO paleo ssoum ya of woas hq paidnssq ewnjon 94} FL IT TWOS Jo ewNOR —>yDKT — 7 = —- wo 30 Rrakod oreo Soca 7| Use of molliey chart Ideal goo: Qdeal gas is defined os the gor having no forced atteathon. jn ‘iotermolecu lay &T TU Caesy Az amd ge es Ga 1 AY comatant femp- Yolume 15 _laversely _ _ ‘proplinal fe pressure _ _ “= *{1=¢}— - | ved a — : (EE Charis ods <= ot _combaht pressure volume is iL es © — + vs a - “Liwchy prepehimal to volume _ — ~~_ HIN e980, = ~ ae ; }=G2 Ceho-o- why | 2 ts oh wart | — Lene Temes ] [ Sos snared FP PU vet | ——— _ i fo Gt 40 suman soy Yo) 19 ROT cea r a a — SES 70 ars tN ob: el ma tant azbimyad fo gob go ddd yok aN IF KeR= 7606 x1F Mw r= BT Cec aA = ae a | Change. duzing cling proces. = -yerfecl. gas te compressed acceding, te — pul conta ee a S- ‘ yom Ma 03 pg [Wind “inal prewure (P.) Q enlropy pe -see arse CHRO 04S) = Gsm. g Gaye \ 44 — — t A = sve46) _ a Bs Olo47e 1 — 207235 a a | — 2 forse a _— _ e 2 $s — > a4 XC73 ) _ — — 2 HOTRISE KIO™ — = _ _ P= 9314x375 [ic revs ya sent) a