GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY
Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Affiliated

Parul Institute of Technology

Project Report on
HYDRAULIC SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM
Under subject of
FINAL YEAR PROJECT (UDP)

B. E. IV, Semester VII

Mechanical Engineering
Submitted by Group:
Sr.
1
2
3
4

Name of student
Ashish Panjabi
Gaurang Maradiya
Mehul Panchal
Divyesh Mandaviya

Enrolment No.
130870119093
130870119069
130870119087
130870119066

Prof. Kinjal Suthar

(Faculty Guide)
Prof. Snehal Trivedi
(Head of the Department)
Academic year
2016-17
Page |
1

Parul Institute of Technology

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation and entitled Hydraulic Solar Tracking
System has been carried out by Ashish Panjabi,Gaurang Maradiya,Mehul
Panchal, Divyesh Mandaviya under my guidance in partial fulfillment for the
degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering (7-Semester) of
Gujarat Technological University, Ahmadabad during the academic year 20162017.

Guide: -

Head of Department:-

Prof. Kinjal suthar

Prof. Snehal Trivedi

Acknowledgement
It is indeed a great pleasure to express my thanks and gratitude to all those who helped me. And
to all other people who directly or indirectly supported and help me to fulfill my task.

I am very thankful to my guide Prof. Kinjal Suthar the person who makes me to follow the
right steps during a project. I express my deep sense of gratitude to for his guidance,
suggestions and expertise at every stage. Apart from that his valuable and expertise suggestion
during documentation of my report indeed help me a lot.

Thanks to my friend and colleague who have been a source of inspiration and motivation that
helped to me during my project work. I would heartily thankful to head of the department Prof.
Snehal Trivedi to give me an opportunity to work over this project and for their end-less and
great support.

And at last but not least, I would be grateful towards my parents and friends who had supported a
lot and provided inspiration and motivation to go ahead in this proje

ABSTRACT
In this project work, we have invented Hydraulic solar tracking system which will utilize
mechanical energies. At present, solar tracking system use electrical energy provided by external
supply or same solar panel for tracking operation. So efficiency of present system is less and
maintenance cost of present system is high. Whereas hydraulic solar tracking system will consume
no energy and less maintenance cost for long time.
Therefore, our invented system will be far more better than present system because through this
invented system we can get maximum efficiency of solar panel mean that we can get maximum
power generation.
.

INDEX
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6

Project Overview
Aim & Objective
Problem Specifications
Literature Review
Plan Of Work
Materials / Tools required

2 CANVAS ACTIVITY
2.1 AEIOU Summary
2.2 Empathy Mapping Canvas
2.3 Ideation Canvas
2.4 Product Development Canvas

3 IMPLEMENTION
3.1 Methodology
3.2 Design
3.3 Working
3.4 Assembly

4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE

4.1 Conclusion
4.2 Future Scope
4.3 Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitation
4.4 Refernces

5 APPENDIX
Project Progress Reports (PPR)
Patent Search Database Used

Introduction
1.1 Project Over View
Solar Energy
Energy from the sun travels to the earth in the form of electromagnetic radiation similar to radio
waves, but in a different frequency range called solar energy. Solar power is the conversion of
received solar radiation into usable energy. It is a process that consists of harnessing the sun's
present emissions of heat or light. This heat and light are the effects of the sun's constant
nuclear fusion of hydrogen nuclei. The process of fusion produces helium nuclei as well as
large amounts of energy. Available solar energy is often expressed in units of energy per time
per unit area, such as watts per square meter (W/m2). The amount of energy available from the
sun outside the earths atmosphere is approximately 1367 W/m2. Some of the solar energy is
absorbed as it passes through the Earths atmosphere. As a result, on a clear day the amount of
solar energy available at the Earths surface in the direction of the sun is typically 1000 W/m2.
The level of solar radiation a region receives depends on latitude and local weather conditions.

Solar Tracking
Solar tracking is the process of varying the angle of solar panels, to take advantage of the full
amount of the sun`s energy. In remote places sun is the cheap source of electricity. The output
from solar panel depends on the intensity of sunlight falling on it and also on the angle of
incidence. It means to get maximum efficiency; the solar panel must remain in front of sun
during the whole day. But due the rotation of earth the panel cant maintain their position
always in front of sun. Thus to get maximum and a constant output, a system is required which
should be capable to constantly rotate the solar panel. Initial tests in industry suggest that this
process can increase the efficiency of a solar power system by up to 50%. Given those gains, it
is an attractive way to enhance an existing solar power system.

Solar Panel
Solar Panels are the devices for capturing the energy in sunlight. Solar photovoltaic panels
contain arrays of solar cells that convert light into electricity. The solar cells sometimes called
photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic meaning literally .light-electricity. Solar cells or PV cells rely
on the photovoltaic effect to absorb the energy of the sun and cause current to flow between
two oppositely charged layers. Crystalline silicon and Gallium arsenide are typical choices of
materials for solar cells. When exposed to sunlight, a 6 cm diameter silicon cell can produce a
current of about 0.5 A at 0.5 V. Gallium arsenide is more efficient than Crystalline silicon. A
solar panel is a collection of solar cells. Solar panels are constructed of these cells cut into
appropriate shapes, protected from radiation and handling damage on the front surface by
bonding on a cover glass, and cemented onto a substrate (either a rigid panel or a flexible
blanket).

Electrical connections are made in series-parallel to determine total output voltage.The cement
and the substrate must be thermally conductive, because the cells heat up from absorbing
infrared energy that is not converted to electricity. Since cell heating reduces the operating
efficiency it is desirable to minimize the heating. The resulting assemblies are called solar
panels or solar arrays.

Electrical Solar Tracking Systems

The most of todays Solar tracking systems are electrical systems. Elements of these systems
are an electric servo drive and an electronic control system. The electric servo drive includes a
stepper motor, which rotates the solar panels with a pre-set angular displacement. The control
system gives an input signal to servo drive system to drive the stepper motor with the help of
sensor and electronic counters. In these systems, the major portion of energy produced by the
solar panel is utilized for tracking operation. If not, these systems should have a battery storage
unit or should be connected to power supply grid or the combination of both.

Mechanical Solar Tracking Systems

Mechanical engineering is one of the largest, broadest and oldest engineering disciplines and
uses principles of energy, materials, and mechanics to design and manufacture machines and
devices of all types. Mechanics, energy and heat, mathematics, engineering sciences, design
and manufacturing form the foundation of mechanical engineering. Fundamentally, mechanical
engineering involves with the mechanics of motion and the transfer of energy from one form to
another or one place to another. The various fields of application of mechanical engineering are,

Energy conversion
Energy resource
Environment and Transportation
Engineering and Technology management

Manufacturing
Materials and Structures
Systems and Design

In above fields the Solar Engineering falls in the category of Energy resource. Mechanical
engineers are effectively involved in solar energy in finding new ways to produce mechanical
and electrical power for heating, refrigeration and water purification and also in the design of
devices and structure to collect solar energy. Mechanical solar tracking systems are the systems
which use the mechanical energy for operation and involve the fundamental concepts of
various fields, related to mechanical engineering. The tracking of solar panels can be
effectively done with mechanical systems. These systems are robust in design and are very less
sensitive to seasonal changes. Mechanical systems, built with high precision are well suited for
tracking operation.

2.5Aims & Objective

The need for mechanical systems for tracking operation can be better explained with the
drawbacks associated with electrical tracking systems. Those are
The present Electrical tracking systems consumes most of the energy produced by solar
panels which serves as a demerit for the Solar system.
We plan to totally neglect the wastage of electricity generated by the panels. In other words
we hope to increase the output of the solar panels.
The minimum power required for operation may not be available at all times o the day due
to change in atmosphere. Tracking will help solve this problem.
Mechanical systems can work in any environment. Dust and humidity have no ill-effects on
the system.
To simplify the system and avoid any complexity in design.
We try to make the entire system compact So that there is no issue when it comes to moving
the system.
The energy required for operation will increase with the increased size of solar Panel.

1.3 Problem Specifications

The position of the sun keeps on changing every day. Solar panels as we know are entirely
dependent on the sun. The more the sun rays fall on the panels the more outcomes we get
and it serves our purpose of installing a solar panel. The challenge nowadays is to keep a
track of the position of the sun so that we get the maximum output from the panels. We
hope to achieve this with a Mechanical tracking system

1.4

Literature Review

One-Axis Trackers Improved Reliability, Durability, Performance, and Cost Reduction Final Subcontract Technical Status Report - 2 May 2006 31 August 2007 by J. Shingleton
Shingleton Design, LLC Auburn, New York The work effort focused on reducing the
total cost of electricity generated by single-axis tracking solar energy systems for utility and
other large-scale commercial applications. Developing a factory assembled, modular
tracker, while building on the strengths of the existing technology, resulted in improved
performance and reliability and reduced installation time, cost, and environmental impact.
Low cost tracker by Marliyani Binti Omar This thesis is submitted as partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the award of the Bachelor of Electrical Engineering - Faculty of
Electrical & Electronics Engineering University Malaysia Pahang -MAY, 2009 - Solar
tracker is invented because solar panel disables to move toward the sunlight when the sun
moves from east to west. In order to produce maximum power output, solar tracker is
design with motor so that the solar panel will move toward the position of sun.
Atlas solar tracking by Mechatronics Company manual:-Atlas system can achieve up to
40% more output power than fixed tilt systems. It ensures that the PV panels are optimally
orientated towards the sun, converting efficiently direct and indirect solar radiation into
electricity.
Hawe hydraulics manual :- HAWE Hydraulics offers compact positioning systems, which
consist of a hydraulic power pack with a control system that is directly attached. The
electric motor and pump in this closed system is submerged for protection against rain,
condensation, and dirt. HAWEs modular products mean we can easily adjust power and
movement speeds according to customers requirements, as well as provide easier access for
maintenance. With various product sizes, low friction, and minimized stick or slip effect,
tracking movements can be controlled reliably and accurately. Dampened over-center
valves ensure smooth movements, which protects the entire structure.

1.5 Plan Of Work

We search for project related to solar power related, and we got some points to study from
that we select the solar tracker.
To study about solar energy and its efficiency.
To study about PV cells.
To study on the PV plate and its overall structure, like its power output, setting angle (the
angle at which solar panel is going to fit), sun light intensity in day hours, etc.
To study on sun tracker systems like electrical solar tracker, mechanical tracker and
hydraulic tracker.
To study on hydraulic tracker and how to implement it in tracking system project.
To study on hydraulic system and its components mainly piston, control valves, check
valves and hydraulic oil.
Study on structural design of hydraulic solar tracker.

1.6 Materials / Tools required

1. Panel Seat
2. Column
3. Base
4. Weight
5. Weight Holder
6. Double Acting Cylinder
7. Check Valve
8. Flow Control Valve
9. Reservoir
10.Rod End Mounting
11.Piston End Hing
12.Connector Hose
13.Counter Weight Platform
14.T-Connector
15.Hose Clips
16.Connector Nozzles

CANVAS ACTIVITY
2.1 AEIOU Summary

Description :
This canvas is divided in five parts : A,E,I,O,U
Activities : This area focus on the main functions that are performed by this project.
Environment : Here we have shown the area, where this project can be implemented or the place
where its need is more.
Interaction: Here the media is shown through which can bring this project work in market.
Objects: List of mainly used components is given in this segment.
User: People to whom this project will be more useful are given under this segment

2.2 Empathy Mapping Canvas

Description:
This canvas is all about the problems that we faced while preparing the project.
All minute and general problems are considered along with the main and big problems that we
faced.

2.3 Ideation Canvas

Description:
This canvas is all about the general aspects like the places where this project can be implemented,
types of people we find at that place, different work performed by different people over that place
according to that position they are there on and the problems and solutions related to that
problems.
For e.g. we have consider here collage as a location. So people related to that place are listed like
management of college, faculties, students, clerk, etc.
They do different work over there like facultys work is teaching, paper analysis, etc.

2.4 Product Development Canvas:

Purpose:
This segment focuses on the objective of preparing the project.
Product Experience:
This area focuses about the customers experiences after using the product prepared.
Product Function:
Here the main and important functions that are performed by product are listed.
Product Feature:
The feature and the positive aspects of the products are listed in this area.

IMPLEMENTION
3.1 Methodology
The methodology of design for the design of mechanical tracking system is explained by
following steps,
Determining sunray orientation and time range to which the panel has to be tracked.
Calculating the required angular velocity of the panel.
Calculating the system pressure and cylinder (actuator) discharge.
calculating the weight/force required to create the required pressure.
Selecting cylinder of suitable diameter and stroke length.
Selecting the suitable grade of hydraulic oil.
Calculating the capacity of reservoir.
Designing the hydraulic circuit with Quick Return facility to reduce the time required for
bringing the panel to its original position.
Selecting required mechanical components of suitable dimensions and material.
Preparing production drawings and fabrication of mechanical elements.
Assembly of the device.
Demonstration.

3.2 Design
3.2.1 Hydraulic Sytem Circuit Design
The schematic arrangement of a hydraulic power system is illustrated by the figure Notations:
Pump with electric motor
Flow control valves
Pressure regulating valve
Reservoirs
Pressure gauges
Cylinder with load
Direction control valve
Filter

Process
Power Supply:
The power supply segment comprises the prime mover, and the pump. The fluid from pump
passes through a filter, where foreign particles are removed. The pump supplies the input power
to fluid to convert it into hydraulic power.
Control System:
The control unit is intermediate but most important part between the power supply and output
segments. Control unit comprises different valves for various purposes. A typical control unit
includes the types of valves, a. Directional control valves: to control the direction of actuator
movement. b. Pressure control valves: to control the fluid pressure, this in turn controls the output
force. c. Flow control valves: to control the flow rate of the fluid, to regulate the speed of the
actuator
Output:
The output segment of hydraulic system includes the actuator and the load. The function of
actuator is to convert the fluid power back to mechanical power. Depending upon the end use the
actuator can be either linear type (hydraulic cylinder) or rotary type (hydraulic motor).

Characteristics of Hydraulic systems:

01. High forces (torques) with compact size.
02. Step less change (control or regulation) of speed.
03. Suitable for heavy duty operations.
04. Suitable for heavy load applications.
05. Simple overload protection.
06. Higher response time.
07. Hydraulic means of transferring energy are usually slower when compared to pneumatics
08. Suitable for controlling fast movement process and for high precision movement.
09. High capital cost.
10. Flexibility may not be as good as pneumatics or electrics.
11. Unavoidable leakages, due to higher system pressure.
12. Prone to fire hazards.

3.2.2 Mechanical Design:

This section of design includes the details of hardware elements used in the tracking system and
also the design analysis of those elements
1. Machine Design
Machine design is the creation of new and better machines and improving the existing once. A new
machine is one which is more economical in the overall cost of production and operation.
2. Mechanics
Mechanics may be defined as that science which describes and predicts the conditions of rest or
motion of bodies under the action of forces. Mechanics is a physical science, since it deals with the
study of physical phenomenon. The three divisions of mechanics and their sub-divisions aregiven
as below,
a. Mechanics of rigid bodies
I. Statics
II. Dynamics
b. Mechanics of deformable bodies
c. Mechanics of fluids
I. study of compressible fluids
II. Study of incompressible fluids (Hydraulics)

Tracking mechanism:
The mechanism selected for tracking system is based on lever principle. The type of lever used
manipulate the required load is Second type lever. Basically, a lever is rod or bar capable of turning
about a fixed point called fulcrum. It is used as a machine to lift / transmit a load by the application
of small effort. The ratio of load lifted to the effort applied is called mechanical advantage. A lever
may be Straight or curved and the forces applied on the lever (or by the lever) may be parallel or
inclined to one another.

Application Of Lever:
The load (W) and the effort (P) may be applied to the lever in three different ways. The Fulcrum is denoted
by F and direction of reaction is indicated by an arrow mark.

1. First type lever:

In the first type of levers, the fulcrum is in between load and effort. These levers are commonly used in
railway signalling, rocker arms, hand pumps, foot levers etc.

Firat type lever

2. Second type lever:
In this type, the load is in between the fulcrum and effort. The application of such type of lever is
found in levers of loaded safety valves.

Second type lever

3. Third type lever:

In this type of levers, the effort is in between the fulcrum and load. The use of such type of levers is
not recommended in engineering practice. However a pair of tongs, the treadle of sewing machine
is the examples of this type of lever.

Third type lever

3.3 Working:
3.3.1 Schematic Diagram:
The arrangement of the hydraulic components and other mechanical elements are illustrated by the
following schematic diagram.The components of the system are,
i. Panel seat
ii. Column
iii. Base
iv. Weight
v. Weight holder
vi. Double acting cylinder
vii. Check valve
viii. Flow control valve
ix. Reservoir
x. Filter
xi. Rod end mounting
xii. Piston end hinge
xiii. Handle
xiv. Counter weight platform
xv. Connecting hose
xvi. T-Connector
xvii. Stopper

3.3.2 Working Procedure

Working procedure of the designed tracking system is explained by the hydraulic circuit diagram
and by the schematic diagrams. Each duty cycle of the system contains two steps, those are,
Tracking and return
1. Tracking
As the tracking weight acts on the piston through piston rod, it pushes the oil out of the cylinder
and the oil flows towards reservoir. While, due to the restricted cross sectional area at flow control
valve the piston moves with the velocity equal to calculated tracking velocity. During this action
the check valve remains closed, hence oil is allowed to flow only through flow control valve. At the
rod end of the cylinder, the oil is sucked into cylinder due to the vacuum pressure created by the
applied weight.
2. Return
As the tracking time finishes, the panel seat has to be rotated by applying the torque,manually, to
bring back into initial position. The vacuum pressure is created at piston end chamber and oil from
reservoir rushes towards cylinder. As soon as the system pressure exceeds the cracking pressure of
check valve, check valve opens and allowing full flow of oil from it, reducing the time required for
repositioning operation.
The flow control valve also allows the oil to flow from it, increasing rate of flow and reduced
panel

repositioning time. At rod end of cylinder the piston forces the oil. The oil pressure increases and
oil
flows out of the cylinder. Oil returns to reservoir through a filter placed in the return line.

3.3.3 Tracking mechanism:

Here, the load is the resistance offered by the cylinder for displacement, which while depends on
the rate of flow from the cylinder. The weight of the disc is the applied driving force, hence it is the
effort applied on the system to perform the desired operation. The weight is applied through a
weight holder. Comparing with the types of lever systems, as the load is between fulcrum and effort
point, this is a system with second type lever system. The arrow on the points shows the direction
of force.

Lever Mechanism

3.4 Assembly:
I. Column and base
This is the load bearing structure of machine which takes all forces acting on the system. The
column and base are welded together to provide more strength and to carry the solar panels of
larger sizes than designed. It also includes two stoppers to restrict the displacement of panel seat to
the required position. These are plates of 4mm thickness and welded to the column.
II. Panel seat
Panel seat is a fabricated frame on which solar panel is mounted. It is fabricated element and
sufficient numbers of holes are provided to facilitate the mounting of solar panel. It also supports
the
weight holder and transmits tracking force to cylinder. A provision also made on the frame to
mount
the counter weight, for flexibility in selection of weight disc/s. A handle is provided with the frame
to facilitate the lifting the panel seat for return operation.
III. Weight holder and weight disc

The function of weight holder is to hold the weight disc in its place. Another important function of
weight holder is to provide proper moment to overcome static friction of cylinder at the beginning
of tracking operation. The static friction is very high at the beginning of tracking operation. Weight
disc is a molded disc which is mounted on weight holder to exert driving torque for tracking
operation. Multiple discs can be used according to their unit weight and requirement.

4 Conclusion and Future Scope

4.1 Conclusion:
It is observed that the designed mechanical tracking system is a system, which consumes no
energy
for operation and contributing towards increasing the productivity of the solar panels. This is the
first attempt made towards utilizing the gravitational energy as a driving force for solar tracking
systems and also in providing a suitable tracking system for the remote places. In view of
increasing demand for the electrical power, this tracking system can contribute a little in the
fulfilment this demand.

4.2 Future Scope:

Further research work will be suggested towards reducing the material cost, towards
implementation of suitable sensors to assure ease in operations and towards obtaining the preferred
essential requirements. Some of the preferred essentials and the guidelines associated with design
and development of this tracking device are;
I. A sensor with electronic counter, which will provide input signal to a buzzer, to indicate the start
of tracking cycle. On basis of this, the panel is tilted by means of handle to perform return
operation. The electronic system, if used, should consume very little electric energy,making the
device suitable for remote applications by providing small & long lasting batteries.
II. Use of multiple panels on panel seat, to increase the returns from tracking system.
III. System can be modified to suite other solar applications like solar air heating and solar water
heaters

4.3 Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitation:

Advantages:
1. Hydraulic solar tracker is easy to design and manufacture compare to other tracker system.

2. Increased reliability and robustness of hydraulic control system compared with other solar
tracker.
3. Hydraulic solar trackers generate more energy than other tracking system like electric solar
tracker.
4. Lubrication of system is not necessary due to less moving parts.
5. Compare to other tracking system hydraulic tracking system cost is less.
6. Important reduction of whole life maintenance cost of solar tracker.

Disadvantages:
1. Structurally less rigid then permanent mounts and hence can be vulnerable to storm damage.
2. More chances to leakage of hydraulic oil.
3. Required manual power to pump the oil in cylinder.

Limitation:
1. Structurally less rigid then permanent mounts and hence can be vulnerable to storm damage.
2. More chances to leakage of hydraulic oil.
3. Required manual power to pump the oil in cylinder.

4.4 Referances:
PUBLISHED PAPER REFERANCE
1) One-Axis Trackers Improved Reliability, Durability, Performance, and Cost Reduction - Final
Subcontract Technical Status Report - 2 May 2006 31 August 2007 by J. Shingleton Shingleton
Design, LLC Auburn, New York
2) Low cost tracker by Marliyani Binti Omar This thesis is submitted as partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the Bachelor of Electrical Engineering - Faculty of Electrical &
Electronics Engineering University Malaysia Pahang -MAY, 2009
3) A review of principle and sun-tracking methods for maximizing solar systems output by Hossein
Mousazadeh, Alireza Keyhani, Arzhang Javadi, Hossein Mobli Karen Abrinia, Ahmad Sharifi
-Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
BOOK REFERANCE:
[1] Fluid mechanics and Hydraulic machines by R.K.Bansal.
[2] Basic hydraulics and hydraulic plumbing US army division.
[3] Machine design by R.S.Khurmi and J.K Gupta.

[4] Vector mechanics for engineers by F.B Beer.

[5] Atlas solar tracking by mechatron company manual.
WEB REFERENCE:
[1] http://www.canren.gc.ca/tech_appl/about solar energy.htm.
[2] http://www.palmdalewater.org/alternative solarenergy.htm.
[3] http://www.careercornerstone.org/careers for mechanical engineers
[4] http://www.burkoil.com.
[5] http://www.bull-electrical.com/solar panels, electrical and water, controllers, panels, solar
shargers.htm.

5 Appendix:
5.1 Project Progress Report:
PPR 1
1. What Progress you have made in the Project ?
We have extent our basic idea to implement it. we have recalled some working principles which
will be helpfull. we have decided the components and structure of the system. we have estimated
the cost of it and checked that whether it is affordable or not. we have referred some past reserch.
we have enhanced our idea.
2. What challenge you have faced ?
we have faced challenges like how to convert our idea to real product? and how to make it perfect
and efficient as per our requirement
3. What support you need ?
we need support from faculties who have done master in hydraulics.
4. Which literature you have referred ?
oneAxis trackers by J.shingleton Low cost tracker by marliyani and binti omar

PPR 2
1. What Progress you have made in the Project ?

we have decided the methodology for design of it.

2. What challenge you have faced ?
we found that some principle can not be apply, so we went back and think about it again and found
the correction.

3. What support you need ?

we need support for design from someone.
4. Which literature you have referred ?
Atias solar tracking by mechatronics company manual.

PPR 3
1. What Progress you have made in the Project ?
we have prepared the schematic diagram of it and completed the analysis.
2. What challenge you have faced ?
we have faced challenges like 'how to make a design appropriately?
3. What support you need ?
we need support for optimization from faculty and other sources.
4. Which literature you have referred ?
hawe hydraulics manual.

PPR 4
1. What Progress you have made in the Project ?

Finally,we have done optimization and made prototype.

2. What challenge you have faced ?
we have faced challenges in making the prototype.
3. What support you need ?
we need guidance for converting prototype to real product..
4. Which literature you have referred ?
Rockwell automations solar tracking application manual book.

5.2 Patent Serch Analsis Report

PSAR 1
PART 1: PATENT SEARCH DATABASE USED
1. Patent Search Database used : Google Patents
Web link of database : https://patents.google.com/
2. Keywords Used for Search : hydraulic,solar,tracking ,system
3. Search String Used : hydraulic solar tracking system
4. Number of Results/Hits getting : 9322
PART 2: BASIC DATA OF PATENTED INVENTION /BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA
5. Category/ Field of Invention : Mechanical Engineering
6. Invention is Related to/Class of Invention : Design & Analysis
6 (a) : IPC class of the studied patent : F24J2/54
7. Title of Invention : Sun tracker system for a solar assembly
8. Patent No. :
9. Application Number : US08792785

9 (a) : Web link of the studied patent : https://patents.google.com/patent/US5798517A

10. Date of Filing/Application (DD/MM/YYYY) : 03/02/1997
11. Priority Date (DD/MM/YYYY) : 19/05/1994
12. Publication/Journal Number :
13. Publication Date (DD/MM/YYYY) :
14. First Filled Country : Albania :
15. Also Published as:
16. Inventor/s Details.
1 Alexander Berger Konigsbergerstrasse196, D-7500 Karlsruhe 1, Germany
17. Applicant/Assignee Details.
1 Berger Alexander Konigsbergerstrasse196, D-7500 Karlsruhe 1, Germany
18. Applicant for Patent is : Individual

PART 3: TECHNICAL PART OF PATENTED INVENTION

19. Limitation of Prior Technology / Art
For one, this tracker does not work without the daily intervention of an operator, lifting the rotary
pole and thus positioning the sun collectors in their initial position.
20. Specific Problem Solved / Objective of Invention
this construction for application in such solar assemblies as solar-thermal collectors, storage
collectors, sunlight concentrators, flat mirrors for solar towers but also in photovoltaic modules
with amplification mirrors.
21. Brief about Invention
In this system, the solar collectors are carried by a rotary pole, supported by a chamber of variable
volume. The fluid contained in the chamber is displaced from the chamber by the dead load force
of the sun collectors and of the rotary pole, penetrating through a nozzle in this process. The rotary
pole thus sinks and is rotated about its vertical axis through the interaction of a bolt with a helical
groove guide, tracking the sun movement from east to west. The return to the initial position "to the
east" is performed every morning at sunrise by lifting the rotary pole with muscle power; tracking
along the horizontal axis, according to the elevation angle is not performed in case of such tracker

system. In spite of the robust construction, this tracker has proved to be not without problems as far
as the technical application is concerned.
22. Key learning Points
This sun tracker system is very robust, has a relatively low energy consumption even in heavy solar
assemblies and is very suitable for large-scale applications.

23. Summary of Invention

This task is in principle solved by this tracker system being extended by a pressure energy
accumulator, a power block and a thermothrottle as well as by an appliance forrotating the solar
assembly about its horizontal axis.Developments,improvements, special execution types aresubject
of the sub-claims.
24. Number of Claims : 21
25. Patent Status : Expired Patent
26. How much this invention is related with your IDP/UDP? 71 to 90%
27. Do you have any idea to do anything around the said invention to improve it? (Give short note
in not more than 500 words)
this invetion used differant types of sensor and electronics gadget , so no need any daily
intervention of an operator.

PSAR 2
PART 1: PATENT SEARCH DATABASE USED
1. Patent Search Database used : Google Patents
Web link of database : https://patents.google.com/
2. Keywords Used for Search : hydraulic,solar,tracking,system
3. Search String Used : hydraulic solar tracking system
4. Number of Results/Hits getting : 9283

PART 2: BASIC DATA OF PATENTED INVENTION /BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

5. Category/ Field of Invention : Mechanical Engineering
6. Invention is Related to/Class of Invention : Design and Analysis
6 (a) : IPC class of the studied patent : Y02E10/50
7. Title of Invention : All-dome hydraulic-drive solar tracking system
8. Patent No. :
9. Application Number : CN 201110090076
9(a) : Web link of the studied patent : https://patents.google.com/patent/CN102158132A/en
10. Date of Filing/Application (DD/MM/YYYY) : 11/04/2011
11. Priority Date (DD/MM/YYYY) : 11/04/2011
12. Publication/Journal Number :
13. Publication Date (DD/MM/YYYY) :
14. First Filled Country : Albania :
15. Also Published as
16. Inventor/s Details.
1 Xu Zhifeng China
2 Wu Guodong China
3 Zhu Lingyu China
4 Chen Jianjun China
5 Chen Xinchang China
17. Applicant/Assignee Details.
1 Jiangsu Wujin Hydraulic Hoist Co Ltd China
18. Applicant for Patent is : Company
PART 3: TECHNICAL PART OF PATENTED INVENTION
19. Limitation of Prior Technology / Art
Solar trackers are slightly more expensive than their stationary counterparts, due to the more
complex technology and moving parts necessary for their operation. Some ongoing maintenance is

generally required, though the quality of the solar tracker can play a role in how much and how
often this maintenance is needed.
20. Specific Problem Solved / Objective of Invention
To take full advantage of solar energy, so that the maximum solar energy into electrical energy can
be used, it has been designed specifically for PV modules can be rotated to follow the sun stand
with movement execution unit and solar tracker on the stand, to make photovoltaic modules
receiving surface facing the sun, the more solar energy.

21. Brief about Invention

The technical problem to be solved is: In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the present
invention provides a hydraulic drive Omnimax solar tracking system, multi-angle of PV modules to
adjust, even Omnimax range angle adjustment, hydraulic control system, low energy consumption,
sand dust wear corrosion resistance far superior to the motor system.echnical Solution The present
invention solves the technical problem is adopted: one Omnimax hydraulic drive solar tracking
system, including the installation of photovoltaic modules for the support frame, the support frame
has a rotating mechanism and PV modules the pitch angle of the direction adjusting mechanism,
also has a position control by collecting solar rotation mechanism and angle adjustment mechanism
work control unit. The rotating mechanism includes a stationary base and packaged in the anchor
body circumferentially rotating swivel body holder body mounted on the support base of the
platform, is also a member-driven swivel rotary drive member rotatably , said swivel body by a
support beam connected PV modules, with one end of said support beam articulated swivel
member, the support beam and the other end hinged with PV modules; the angle adjustment
mechanism is a hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder mounted on the support frame, hydraulic
cylinder piston rod end PV modules hinge; said control unit includes a light sensor and recover data
processing apparatus
22. Key learning Points
The invention relates to an all-dome hydraulic-drive solar tracking system, which comprises a
support frame for mounting a photovoltaic component and a control unit, wherein a slewing
mechanism and a pitching direction and angle regulating mechanism for the photovoltaic
component are arranged on the support frame, and the control unit is used for controlling the
slewing mechanism and the angle regulating mechanism to work by collecting the position of the
sun.
23. Summary of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is: In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the present
invention provides a hydraulic drive Omnimax solar tracking system, multi-angle of PV modules to
adjust, even Omnimax range angle adjustment, hydraulic control system, low energy consumption,
sand dust wear corrosion resistance far superior to the motor system.
24. Number of Claims : 8

25. Patent Status : Published Application

26. How much this invention is related with your IDP/UDP? < 70 %
27. Do you have any idea to do anything around the said invention to improve it? (Give short note
in not more than 500 words)
With the use of renewable energy sources that why we can reduced environment hazard which has
been produced electricity.

PSAR 3
PART 1: PATENT SEARCH DATABASE USED
1. Patent Search Database used : Google Patents
Web link of database : https://patents.google.com/
2. Keywords Used for Search : hydraulic,solar,tracking ,system
3. Search String Used : hydraulic solar tracking system
4. Number of Results/Hits getting : 9330

PART 2: BASIC DATA OF PATENTED INVENTION /BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

5. Category/ Field of Invention : Mechanical Engineering
6. Invention is Related to/Class of Invention : Design and analysis
6 (a) : IPC class of the studied patent : F24J2/542 7.
Title of Invention : Solar tracker with movement in two axes and actuation in only one of them
8. Patent No. :
9. Application Number : US12305501
9(a) : Web link of the studied patent : https://patents.google.com/patent/US20090301466A1
10. Date of Filing/Application (DD/MM/YYYY) : 18/06/2007

11. Priority Date (DD/MM/YYYY) : 19/06/2006

12. Publication/Journal Number : US 2009/0301466A1
13. Publication Date (DD/MM/YYYY) : 10/12/2010
14. First Filled Country : Albania :
15. Also Published as:
16. Inventor/s Details:
1 Jesus Angel Humanes Asensio Palencia (ES)
2 Antolin Lorenzana Iban Valladolid (ES)
17. Applicant/Assignee Details.
1 Jesus Angel Humanes Asensio Palencia (ES)
2 Antolin Lorenzana Iban Valladolid (ES)
18. Applicant for Patent is : Individual
PART 3: TECHNICAL PART OF PATENTED INVENTION
19. Limitation of Prior Technology / Art
Even with the advancements in reliability there is generally more maintenance required than a
traditional fixed rack, though the quality of the solar tracker can play a role in how much and how
often this maintenance is needed.
20. Specific Problem Solved / Objective of Invention
the tracker with two actuated axes is more expensive to construct and maintain and less reliable
since it incorporates more elements that can break down.
21. Brief about Invention
The present invention relates to a solar tracking device with two axes of rotation, which is actuated
in only of them, by virtue of the incorporation into the mechanism of a support bar of adjustable
length, which is articulated at its two ends and anchored at one side to the body carrying out the
solar tracking, and at the other to an adjustable support joined to the base of the actual tracker or to
the ground. In turn, the bar is equipped with a shock-absorbing spring system that allows it to be
operated as a dynamic control element for the whole assembly.solar tracking devices with two axes
(orientation movementtracking of the azimuthand inclination movementtracking of the
elevation-) are known. These devices seek maximum energy collection from solar radiation by
making the incidence of the solar rays be perpendicular throughout the day to the collection surface
of the thermal or photovoltaic device

22. Key learning Points

Due to the tracking the solar panel is exposed to the direction of sun at all time hence maximum
utilization of solar panels and due tothis the power output increases.
23. Summary of Invention
Solar tracking devices with two axes (orientation movementtracking of the azimuthand
inclination movementtracking of the elevation-) are known. These devices seek maximum
energy collection from solar radiation by making the incidence of the solar rays be perpendicular
throughout the day to the collection surface of the thermal or photovoltaic device.
24. Number of Claims : 4
25. Patent Status : Published Application
26. How much this invention is related with your IDP/UDP? < 70 % Page
27. Do you have any idea to do anything around the said invention to improve it? (Give short note
in not more than 500 words) In this project work planning for design and fabricate a solar tracking
system which will utilize mechanical energies for the tracking operation.

PSAR 4
PART 1: PATENT SEARCH DATABASE USED
1. Patent Search Database used : Indian Patent Office database
Web link of database : http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/publicsearch/
2. Keywords Used for Search : hydraulic,solar,tracking,system
3. Search String Used : hydraulic solar tracking system
4. Number of Results/Hits getting : 1

PART 2: BASIC DATA OF PATENTED INVENTION /BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

5. Category/ Field of Invention : Mechanical Engineering
6. Invention is Related to/Class of Invention : design and analysis

6 (a) : IPC class of the studied patent : F24J- 2/00, F24J-2/38,

7. Title of Invention : HYDRAULIC SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM
8. Patent No. :
9. Application Number : 4852/MUM/2015
9 (a) : Web link of the studied patent : http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/publicsearch/
10. Date of Filing/Application (DD/MM/YYYY) : 24/12/2015
11. Priority Date (DD/MM/YYYY) :
12. Publication/Journal Number : 05/2016
13. Publication Date (DD/MM/YYYY) : 29/01/2016
14. First Filled Country : Albania : India
15. Also Published as
Sr.No Country Where Filled Application No./Patent No.
1 India 4852/MUM/2015
16. Inventor/s Details.
1 Rahul Mishra
H No. 06, Infront of Durga Mandir, Pooj Colony,Neelbad,Bhopal
Pin 462044
(Madhya Pradesh) India
2 Kamna Mishra
5/204, Board Office Colony, Near Bittan Market, Bhopal Pin462 016 (Madhya
Pradesh) India
3 Ruby Awasthi
215, Vaishali Apartment, Surendra Place, Bhopal Pin462026 (Madhya Pradesh)
India
17. Applicant/Assignee Details.
1 Rahul Mishra
H No. 06, Infront of Durga Mandir, Pooja Colony, Neelbad, Bhopal Pin 462044
(Madhya Pradesh) India.
18. Applicant for Patent is : university
PART 3: TECHNICAL PART OF PATENTED INVENTION

19. Limitation of Prior Technology / Art

A large difference in the ratio of the diameter of sliding RAM and plunger
cannot be maintained
It is required to keep the volume of both cylinders are same to obtain a desired
movement.
20. Specific Problem Solved / Objective of Invention
improve the design of ram and plunger and cylinder.
21. Brief about Invention
A hydraulic based sun-tracking system comprising:a plurality of plungers
enclosing small cylinders of same size wherein the small cylinders are
connected in parallel to each other; a hydraulic system connected to the
plungers for alternately filling fluid in the plungers; and a plurality of
large hydraulic cylinders fluidically connected to the small cylinders and each
large cylinder enclosing a sliding cylindrical RAM; wherein a solar
panel having plurality of sensors are mounted on the sliding cylindrical RAM.
Present invention relates to a sun-tracking system and more particularly
relates to capturing the maximum sun radiation and increase the
photovoltaic (PV) panel output using a dual axis sun tracker. Dual axis sun
tracking system keeps the PV panel facing towards the sun in both
east-west and north-south direction.
sun tracking is evolving on the basis of the design of a hydraulic press. The
system of present invention is very economical and efficient. Dual
axis sun tracking system which tracks at sun continuously throughout a day.
Present invention helps to acquire maximum solar incident radiation
in order to convert it into a useful form. Incident radiation of the sun can
convert into electricity by using PV panel and heat energy by using solar
concentrator. If the same design of hydraulic press introduces directly to
achieve sun tracking operation.
22. Key learning Points
Dual axis sun tracking system which helps to increase the conversion
efficiency of PV panel
Low maintenance required and low cost.
High accuracy of sun tracker.
less energy consumption during operation.
Acquire less land space for installation.

Fit for any kind of solar application, e.g., solar water heating, solar stiller etc.
23. Summary of Invention
A hydraulic based sun-tracking system is provided. The system includes a
plurality of plungers enclosing small cylinders of same size. The small
cylinders are connected in parallel to each other. A hydraulic system is
connected to the plungers for alternately filling the fluid in the plungers. A
plurality of large hydraulic cylinders are fluidically connected to the small
cylinders and each large cylinder encloses a sliding cylindrical RAM.
The solar panels have plurality of sensors are mounted on the sliding
cylindrical RAM. A method of operating hydraulic based sun-tracking
system is provided. The method includes steps of generating force on plungers
by filling the fluid tank. The generated force is exerted on the
sliding cylindrical RAMs of two large hydraulic cylinders. The force is
alternately exerted on each of the two large hydraulic cylinders causing the
movement of the solar panels.
24. Number of Claims : 6
25. Patent Status : Published Application
26. How much this invention is related with your IDP/UDP?
71 to 90%
27. Do you have any idea to do anything around the said invention to improve it?
(Give short note in not more than 500
words)
improve the design of ram and plunger and cylinder.