GET READY FOR GRADE 7 1 Fractions, Metric Units, Estimation, pages 2-3 ae eS yea 10 eae rat opoztav etn? 414. a) Answers may vary. Ie ges small by half every time. 13.128 415, Answers may vary. A fraction represents part of a whole object ora share of a group of objects. 17. Answers will vary. You might tell the classmate to picture a similar object that they know more about. 2 Multiplying and Dividing Decimals, Estimation, pages 4-5 4.2) 320 b) 3200 3.2 # 0.32 3. Using 32: La): move decimal one place to the right; Ub): move decimal two places to the right; Lc): move decimal cone place to the left; 1d): move decimal rwo places to the lefr; 2a}: move decimal one place to the lef; Tb}: move decimal ewo places tothe let; 1c): move decimal one place to the right; 1d): move decimal rwo places co the right 5.2) 64.1 b) 64.1 6.41 a) 6.41 a6 ac .c 13, Carrff: 7.8 km, Jeremy: 6.4 km, Len: 7.2 km, Meghan: 7.8 km, Amy: 6.3 km 415, Answers may vary. Organize the data for each event from best to worst. 17. Multiplying: count the total number of decimal places in the rwo numbers you start with, Thete will be this ‘many decimal places in the answer. Dividing: there is no distinct relationship. 19. Try to estimate first to see roughly what your answer will be. 3 Patterns With Natural Numbers, Fractions, and Decimals, pages 6-7 4.49, 11, 13 6) 10,13, 16 @ 33,43, 53.) 25, 36, 49 1935, 46, 57 9 32, 47, 65 3.) increased by 3) multiplied by 2 and then increased by 3 e) muleiplied by 3) multiplied by 2 and then increased by 1 5. Answers may vary. a) A= 0, B= 100, C= 120, D = 180, E = 250 b) Just alter point C, but before point D. 180 4) Ieshould be greater than 100 sine its the same distance from point A to 60 as from 60 to point C (C= 120). 460 MHR © Answers 7. Answers may vary. Answers may vary. Multiples of 5. 11. They are prime numbers. 413. They are multiples of 2, 3, 6, and 9. 1-18, Answers may vary CHAPTER 1 Get Ready, pages 10-11 4.9) 40 mm 6) 24m 3.2) 9 km b) 18 km €) 1.2 km €) 0.7 km 5.) 16 cm? b) 8 om? «) 15 em? 1.1 Perimeters of Two-Dimensional Shapes, pages 15-17 5.) 22cm b) 400m 7.220 am 9. 2) 96cm b) 9m @ 6.9m A) 90 mm. inders forgot to change the measurements to the same units 49. A loonie isa regular polygon with 11 sides, 7.7 em 24. Answers may vary slightly a) longer sides 2.4 m, shorter sides 1.2 em b)7.2em ¢ Use a formula; P=2x (+) 23. No. Each side of the octagon measures 2.25 m, 1.2 Area of a Parallelogram, pages 20-21 3.a) 12 cm? b) 6 cm? @) 6 em? d) 3 cm? 5. Answers may vary slightly a) 3 cm? b) 1 em? 7. a) No; the height is not given. b) Measure the distance between equal sides. 9, Joel measured a side instead of the height. He has to ‘measure the perpendicular distance between two equal sides. 11. a) Monica is correct. b) Answers will vary. A rectangle isa special kind of parallelogram, 1.3 Area of a Triangle, pages 24-25 5.) Gem? b) 24.5 mm? @) 13m? e) 2.5 m2? 7.2) 60 em? b) 18m? «) 30 km? ) 7.5 mn? 9.4) b xh comes from the formula for the area of a parallelogram. 6) The area of a parallelogram divided by 2s the area of a triangle. e) The area ofa triangle is half the area ofa parallelogram with the same base and height. 43, a all equal areas b) Answers may vary slightly. Each base is 1.3 cm, each height is 1.2 cm. «) 0.72 cm?45, a) Diagrams may vary. Any triangle with base 4.0 m and height 2.5 m. b) No, the perimeters do not remain constant. The lengths of the sides change as the height changes. 1.4 Apply the Order of Operations, pages 28-29 5.31.75 ail 6 O15 a4 {9.3} mulkplicaion ) subtraction inside brackets 2 division 41. a) Inline 2, Vanya divided 16 by 4 fst, she should have done 64 + 16 fist. In line 4, she subtracted 3 ~2, she should have done the multiplication 2 « 2 frst. by 13.4) 114 6)2.1 90 08 05 17.) A= 2x (4 x 10) + 5x6 +2; 95 em? b) Assume that the shape is symmetric. 1.5 Area of a Trapezoid, pages 32-33 = Sem, b= 18cm, h=6 em b)a= 8mm, mm da=2m,b=6.5 m, Sem, b= 6.4 em, = 1.4m Lem, b= 2.1 cm,h= 13cm b)a= 14m, = 2.8 em, h = 0.8 cm Answers may vary slightly. 6. 7.a) 2.0 am? b) 1.7 em? 11, Answers may vary. 13, 75 37§ cm? (or about 7.54 m?) 45, Both trapezoids with height 3 m have equal area. The sum of their parallel sides isthe same too, 12 m. 49. a) and b) Answers may vary. @) Use the formula for the area of a parallelogram and then divide by 2.4 em? b) 1.8 em? 1.6 Draw Trapezoids, page 36 4-8. Check your measurements with a good ruler, 1.7 Composite Shapes, pages 43-45 5.8) 6 m,8 m b) Sem, 16 cm, 4m, 4m 7.48 m 9. Answers may var 14.13.60 4, a) Angwers may vary. Split the logo into smaller shapes to caleulate the area. b) $1275 ¢) Answers may vary. Find the area of the rectangle and subtract the four triangles. 45, Answers may vary. 47.8) A= (17% 8) (4x5) b) 116 mt @ The answers are the same. 21, a) $75) Answers may var Review, pages 46-47 LD RE SA 7.28m 9, Diagrams may vary. The parallelogram should have base 6 and height 3, 11. 0.56 m= 43, a) Performed addition before division. ) Divided from right to left 45, a) trapezoid, has one pair of parallel sides b) 850 em? 49, Answers may vary. An example could have a = 10 cm, b= Lom, and h=4 cm, 24, Answers may vary slightly. a) 6.21 cm? b) 16,0 cm Practice Test, pages 48-49 1D 3B 5B 7.a)8 9 a2 9. Answers may vary. Use a ruler ro check that the perimeter is 26 em, 11. a) Use a ruler, measure the sides and the height. Make sure a= 15 em, b=9 em, and b= 4.cm. bby Answers may vary 13.) 130 mB) Answers may vary. «) 592.m-, both areas same. Total area does not change if shape is spi differently CHAPTER 2 Get Ready, pages 52-53 4. Answers may vary. Name two points that are joined by a'line segment. AB, GH, BE, AD 3. Answers may vary. AB = BC 5. Answers may vary. a) 77° b) 100° «) 80° 2.1 Classify Triangles, pages 57-59 5. a) isosceles B) scalene 7 2.9) right b) acute ) right, sealene b) obtuse, salene Hea} APQR, APSR, AQSR by APQR: rich, isosceles, APS obtuse salene 43.) PR = 7.3 cm, PQ 2) 2Q= 105%, 2R= 40", 2 cue, sealene, ARSQ: Oem, RQ= 44cm 5°) obtuse, scalene Answers*MHR 461¥5.a) acute, isosceles) acute, isosceles : Bon —, 47a) XY and YZ are of equal length, so AXYZ is an isosceles triangle. by Yes, ZX = ZZ. 19.2) 25 = 60°, RS = Som, TS equilateral and acute 21. a) There are right, obtuse, isosceles, and scalene triangles. ) Answers will vary 23, Equilateral triangles are used in bridges because they are more rigid than squares, rectangles or other shapes. ‘This makes bridges using them able to support heavier loads and stronger winds. em b) ARST is 2.2 Classify Quadrilateral, pages 63-65 5.2) parallelogram) rhombus 7. JKLO is a trapezoid, OLNM is a rectangle 9.) C rhombus b)B trapezoid «) B kite a) A square 11. a) Piece 4 isa square, 6 is a parallelogram b) Pieces 3 and 4, 4 and 5, or 5 and 6 form trapezoids. 13, a) trapezoid by rhombus a Quadrilaterals 2.3 Congruent Figures, pages 68-69 13. a) Yes, they are each hexagons of the same size, b) No, although they are all parallelograms, they are all different sizes. e) Yes, they are all identical trapezoids. 5. ADEF and AGHI are congruent. 7. ZA= 2D, = ZE, ZC = ZF, AC = DE, BC = ER, AB= DE 9.4) AAJG and AAJD b) AAI] and AABJ, AJIF and ‘AJBE, ACBE and AHIF ©) ADCE and AGHE, ADBJ and AGI 11. No. For example, two squares with different side lengths. They are the same shape but different sizes. 13, No, For example, a square with side 2 em has area 4em?, A rectangle 4'cm by L cm also has area 4 em 2.4 Congruent and Similar Figures, pages 73-74 2.4) yes b) no 5. KLMN and WXYZ 7yes 462 MHR + Answers 2) C b) E; cach side of A is twice the length of the corresponding side of E. 11.) Yes; pieces 1 and 2 are congruent, pieces 3 and 5 are congruent. b) Yes; pieces 1, 2, 3,5, and 7 are all similae right isosceles triangles 18, The diagonal cuts the rectangle into rwo sets of similar triangles (ifthe rectangles are similar). 17. Iisa square. Review, pages 76-77 irregular quadrilateral, ‘9. Answers may vary =e; 12. DEFG is similar to HIJK and LMNO is similar to PQRS. There are no congruent figures. 15. a) No, AABC is aller than ADEE so they are not the same size. b) No, they are not the same shape either, FE is abouts long as CB but DF is much shorter than AC. Practice Test, pages 78-79 1B ORD 5B rary. » 7am Yosen 2 8. In order for triangles to be similar their angles must be identical. Ina right triangle the other two angles are both acute. Because of this aright triangle can never be similar to an obeuse criangle, BCD: side length 4 em, perimeter 16 cm, EFGH: side length 8 em, perimeter 32 em. These figures are similar CHAPTER 3 Get Ready, pages 84-853. Diagrams may vary ea atoduisd g2o8 592,46 810 0948, 1216.20 510,15 2.2 ri Rar nary hs 4a | 3.1 Add Fractions Using Manipulatives, pages 88-89 a: 2 45, Answers may vary. 2 1 417, Diagrams may vary. + 5 | 19.18 3.2 Subtract Fractions Using Manipulatives, pages 92-93 Play 2) pee SP ae ae, emer a a) Mpeg ree eats emma a 9 «21 Bin aeite 2. Diagrams may vay. ‘eoee ‘a2 6® 9. Diagraims may vary. ‘&’@ {4 Dingrama my vary ‘@®0 60 wayi-t-toi 47, a) Diagrams may vary. ») In this representation, each fraction is represented by pattern block pieces that are twice the size as they are when 1 hengon «1 wine Lis repsentd by «whe beragon nis mre by wo Ba rhombi. The name aneer opt) of it seb it is represented by pattern blocks twice the size as those that represent the answer when 1 hexagon = 1 whole. 3.3 Find Common Denominators, page 97 5. Answers may vary. a) 15 b) 21 €) 20 24 7. Answers may vary. a) 6 b)24 15 4) 12 ‘9. Answers may vary. a) 15, 30 b) 12, 24 11. 12, 24, 36 3 op6 te 43, Answers may vary. a) 10,5 = 45+ 5 Seale 354-2 115. Answers may vary, For example, you could find common multiples of 2, 3, and 4. a) 12 or 24 b) 60 3.4 Add and Subtract Fractions Using a Common Denominator, pages 101-103 Gay 5 (ct aan 6) 66 a aaa by They all equal one. €) 1 Answers® MHR 46318 Aves my vary Tal mn of nc i Number fs hati fallow 3 0 pa teary re ‘EE a Peet wast Setat0 addition shows that together they did not clean all the windows, They should nor be paid he full amount 19 2. is less than 1, the 23, iol , 3.5 More Fraction Problems, pages 106-107 aay ener 3 4 wy 025 9 on 33 a yal 8) 6 green: © or 3 wy HE g 13 1 3 1 6.95») 1 19.6 Review, pages 108-109 1D 3H 5A 2G 9. Diagrams may vary. '@ 2 @ aa) mtete a) as aH warxtysxt 6 “@ "® 64 MHR + Answers “Oo “@O 49, Answers may vary. a) 12 21. Answers may vary. a) 12 b) 10 ipabtag erly tesla zt Bich oiaen cin 6 cas) Papers ee a0 Z 9 Both CO 1d | ar arred: £ or 4, blue: or 2, white: 2 or 3, 0s geey: & wy or Fg B or 5 Practice Test, pages 110-111 1B 3B S.C cea ate ops) Baax cas wsx t= ois 912,24 3 44.0) 1 ~ 55 by Strategies may vary, You could suberact and compare your answers. 33.16 CHAPTER 4 Get Ready, pages 114-115, 4.) 3 b) 165.6 em €) 535 kg a) 15.2 mm @) 124m 1 346 jellybeans aad eee eed eee sa Fant sd wy A nd 1 20 ee Zier 930 “4 507 10 apes ranyelow: 4 = 2, pe: 3 rea by red, blue, yellow 20.5 b)0.375 0 04 4.1 Introducing Probability, pages 118-120 5. Frequency: 13, 16, 11; Total trials: 40 re yt gy 300 ~ 709 30 1B 2) Kewill stay the same, &) zippy zingers: 26 = 13, ) Iwill stay the same, b) zippy zingers: 26 = 33; B= Zs tongue ewisters: + stomach sires $= 3 rogue ites 3, sa tg Ths i ve ‘number of pais is tan. The eolour with the east number of pairs is grey. e) The probabilities change because the ‘number of favourable outcomes for each colour is diferent43, Answers may vary. She should conduct mote trials or ‘examine the spinner. 15.) before: red f. 1 pr black: 3h = 5 sop o =2 3 & ralow: $= 2 orange: baron $s BS ida sete b 22 vattow: 2, after: reds 3, 4, black: 3, 355. yellow: 35. Gg orange: 2,4, groen: 1) Answers may vary. Shi Dh a2 vee probably picked the colours she liked. 17. Answers will vary. 4.2 Organize Outcomes, pages 124-125 3. a) spinning red: + spinning blue: 4, spinning yellow: 3 1 3 1 a ©) spinning red: spinning Bue: 2, spining yello 1 1 spinning pink: spinning orange: spinning brown: nie oe, 5a) Legge 3 i 7. Answets will vary 4.2 Sepa 4 a) Anjwers will vary. b) Answers may vary Payer, Pert Bh pyr teu B likely to win because their number of favourable outcomes is equal. 4.3 Use Outcomes to Predict Probabilities, Pages 128-130 Are cre sae a 1 sayy 8 8 8 4-20 40 "5 40S 7. 1,2,3,4, 5,086 b)A,B, or e) red back, green, or yellon) 2. Hiwhie, Hiyellow, Higreen, Twhite, THellon, een 3 11.4)2 = 53 favourable outcomes, 6 possible outcomes 2-1. favourable outcomes, 6 possible outcomes e-F 43, A, because it occurs most often 15: aside a potabiyo 1b) 4, because it occurs most often. 4/4 3 oe 4.4 Extension: Simulations, pages 132-133 3.) 12 8) O, since it was only chosen once. '. Answers may vary. Each item should have a choice for every possible outcome. a) a coin b)an eight-sided dic Oye pirescties shia Hayy PO Coie cet oe Aides pa of pop 1 cena wand ron oe Macy ow Bens oe dlp chong ee ee eee sat Ft Aare ny uy. You old ole te fie Ken“ WISNER" edo oneN) yo ol el WINNER” ced 0 Ne erway: 2d way 2 = Bach side as ees rm “WINNER” This fit pereen eers sy 45 apply Probability n Sports and Games, pages 137-139, md 6 aie aah 7 fou F ® F 6 2) 7a) Player 1 Player 2 rs Ht point 0 points {point Opis > pint Opoins points 2 poins b) No. Heads has an advantage. 17503) Fm thoy = 9075 06 91, represents the probably of evry possible outcome. 4. Answers wil var. rors 22 se nceatc le 36 of il by rolling double. it 7 9.0) 5 byn0 ay a ficult ro get out J o leis litical tog Answers ® MHR 465Review, pages 140-141 41. probabiility tally chart, freque(a}cy table 3. (djree dlilagra(m) a Sano wt Fe aera ete ee kelp = white the leat corsmon colour b) There diferen tumiber of marbles for each colone a3) oe Tk burtone << To00 % 4 21319 wy 32, pres, 128 8 9 oy St é yb) Answers will vay. ened 19.0) 6.7,6-55.62, 63, 64, 6.05 by) Express all the numbers in decimal form or write them all in fraction form, 2 2 23. a) Yes, the digits begin to repeat on the calculator. 5) More dis ofthe number woald ai in desision. 4) Answers will vary, numbers like $ have sequences of numbers that repeat 5.2 Calculate Percents, pages 160-161 5.4) 70% b) 85% ©) 80% 7. Diagrams may vary. Use number lines, hundred charts, or circles, 210 | 11, a) 754%. b) Answers will vary. Think of a clock— 3 min is > of an hour (60 min). 2 is 75%. 45 (60 min). 3 is 75% 4 43, No, Amir mixed a percent with a score out of 100, He should say “I go 65 out of 100.” 15. a) No, the decimal point should move 2 places to the right, ) Answers will vary 47. a) Angwers will vary, A minority government will have less than half of the 300 seats. For example, Liberal 140, Contervative 110, NDP 40, Bloc Quebecois 10. ‘by Answers will vary. The party with the most seats will be the governing parry. e) and d) Answers will vary. 5.3 Fractions, Decimals, and Percents, poten ee tik 3 satwsoy opozel 5.0) 032 0) 0464 9 0.7'8) 083 «005 goes 7 4) 10° 4 By J OAs 20 1B [asm | 04s 20 Rclias & [ax [om 19.4: 20,B17, C14 3 13.0) CD 3, DVD + i by €D 040, DvD 020, Cases 0.15, Ober 0.05 45, a) “Nearly two-thirds of children ..."_b) Answers will vary. You would need information related to the water supply in the developing world and census statistics for the same areas where you conducted your research, Cassettes 3, Other 5 17. a) 0.53 &) 424 2376 49, Answers will vary. For example, Winning percent = rpumber of wins x 100% number of total games| 5.4 Apply Fractions, Decimals, and Percents, pages 169-171 5.2) 18.75% b) 65% ©) 83.3% «68% 7.092 w04 940% 9.4) 20% b) 19% 14.40% 39 1 950 00 700 45, Percent of Total Sales: Koala Cola 26%, Lizard Lime 10%, Lemur Lemon 16%, Gorilla Grape 6%, Roary Root Beer 10%, Oliphant Orange 20%, Jumping Ginger 7% Visuals may vary. A vertical bar graph with bottle shapes coloured appropriately to match each flavour would be food. The height of each bottle would show the sales of that flavour, 47.) Yes, Cut at least 11.5 min and at most 25 min to get between 50% and 65% of 90 min, 49. a) $105.) In Ontario the jacket costs $120.75. Review, pages 172-173 saat iene \ a) > a) a 7.a) 0.583 b) 0.5 c) 0.548 dayes% 40% 287% 08% fia) 0.33 90.08 90.7 @) 012 123300 200 054 we 088 9% 038 3 21 520%, 0.2, 4 42%, 0.42, 275 4%, 0.04, 9 Qa ria petye shelf 2, and Science and other on shelf 3. b) Between 54 (30%) and 63 (35%) books will be on each shelf. Assume that cach book is aboue the same thickness and weight. Practice Test, pages 174-175 LA 3C SA Zn ab 30378 375% 2,045 456, bes 20 0.05, 5% 24, 0.1, 10% 9, a) Test, Lab, Quiz. b) Answers will vary. Convert all the results into decimal form and then compare them. 14. Answers will vary Blue isin the mide and may be easiest hit, b) blue yellow 42, red 25 0 yellow, blue, red Answers MHR 467CHAPTER 6 Get Ready, pages 178-179 41.2) Pattern adds a vertical paperclip, followed by a horizontal paper clip, alternating at the rop and bottom, ') Increasing by 2 each term. 10, 12, 14 e) Decreasing by 5 each term. 80, 75, 70.) Each term is double the previous term. 48, 96, 192) Add alternating yellow and {green right triangles, placed to form connecting squares, 4 Each denominator is double the previous denominator, Hepner . Fe 3a" ga # Every thre terms, the patter is ab, abe, abcd, ab, abe, abed h) Each step, one more happy face is added to the beginning of the parcern 3.a)-0) @) a five-pointed star 5. Feers Wheel (0,5), Fist Aid (2, 3), Washrooms (3, 2) Basketball Throw (4,0), Battle of the Bands (7, 7), Petting Zo0 (8,1), Food Court (10, 6) 6.1 Investigate and Describe Patterns, page 182 3. Answers may vary. a) Starting at 1, multiply each ‘counting, number by 5. 8) 30, 35, 40 3.a)0,0+6=6,648= 14, 144 10 =24, 24+ 12 36+ 14 = 50... b) 66, 84 7. Answers will vary. 8. The top half of each triangle is cut horizontally in half. ‘The new triangle formed alternates berween a yellow and green colour 11. A spiral pattern with rectangles 1 unit longer than the previous rectangle added in the pattern, 13, a) 5, 10, 15,20, ... b) 3,6, 12,24, 2. 12, .. ) 400, 200, 100, 50, 15. 2)9, 11, 13, 15" by Stare with 9 and increase by 2 17, 13, 21 @) Yes they will, Answers may vary. 19. ) Start with an equilateral triangle pointing up and add 2 triangle pointing the opposite wey of the previous triangle. b) A triangle is added at each stage, so the figure is growing larger. ©) AWNZNT ANID, 21. a) Rows of dots, arranged in order of length 5, 4, 3, 2,1. Then the longest row is removed. b) * ¢ * 6, 18, 16, 14, 23, No, there are many answers. 6.2 Organize, Extend, and Make Predictions, ages 187-189 3.a)4, 8, 12, 16 b) Each perimeter is 4 times each natural numbet, starting at 1 5.) Each number is 5 times each natural number. ') Each number is the square of each natural number. 0 The pattem isthe odd natural numbers. 468 MHR « Answers The pattern is — [Ra ib [as | Oar] 1 2 Dea 4 3 ax 7 8 9x2 bynx2 0200 8 B15 9103 Mk +3 114. a) Starts at 4 and increases by 3. 4, 7, 10 b) 13, [| 16 e) Answers may vary. Build a mode. a) 602 b) 114 6.3 Explore Patterns on a Grid or in a Table of Values, pages 193-194 3.a) Points go up and to the right in a straight line, by Points go down and to the right in a straight line, a + b) The points form hill, or upside-down U-shape. The other graphs were all straight lines. Z-length = 2 x width 9. The first design has 9 coothpicks. Each one after that has 3 toothpicks more than the one before it. The pattern rule is six plus three times the stage number, 6 + 37. 41. Star at (5, 7) and move in each direction: North (5, 7), (5,8), (5,9), (5, 10); North-East (5, 7) (6, 8) (7, 9s (8, 10}5 Fast (5, 7), (5, 7), (7, 7), (8, 7} South-East (5, 7), (6, 6), (7, 5h, (8, 4) South (5, 7), (5, )e (Ss 5) 5, 4 South-West (5, 7s (4,6), (3, 51 (2, 4; West (5, 71, (4,7), 3, 7), 7 North-West (5, 7), (4, 8), (3, 9), (2, 10) 15, a) The x-coordinate is 5 less than the ycoordinate by Answers may vary. @)y=x+b,x=y~b 6.4 Express Simple Relationships, pages 197-199 23. ad (1, 5), (2, 10), (3, 15), (4, 20)s p-value is times the value, 1) (0,4), (1, 5), 2, 6), (3, 7): p-value is 4 more than the value,5.8) (2,3), (3,4), (4,5), (5, 6) b) The C-value is 1 more than the z-value. The cost (in dollars) is the number of zones + 1 7a) ° 7 a 4 3 19) Each 3-value is twice the x-value, 9, Answers may vary. a) 6 ») 9. C= 10m a) S150 43, a) Each p-value is 1 less than the x-values. y= x 1b) Each y-value is 6 times the x-value. y = 6x @) The sxevalues are always 4 greater than the y-values. y 4) Each y-value is 3 less than the x-value. y= x ~ 3 15.) z 4 t 3 3 a 16 3 3 Foxe 36 by Arent square ofthe ide length Review, pages 200-201 4.) natural numbers 3. a) relationship 5. a) variable expression b) ordered pair «) variable 4) algebraic equation 7. a) Start with an equilateral triangle. Join the midpoint of cach side. This makes 4 congruent triangles. Colour the centre triangle. Repeat the process to divide each small white triangle into 4 smaller triangles. This process can continue indefinitely. 9.a)9cm b) 17cm en + (n—I)em @) 35em 11.) ») a 3 13,9) (1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9) (45 12) B) Bach p-value is 3 times the x-value. 45.2) (1, 13), (2, 26), (3, 39), (4, 52), (5, 65), (6, 78) 'b) The number of computers Sold equals 13 times the ‘month number, ¢) 91 Practice Test, pages 202-203 LA 2B 5B by Each y-value is 2 more than the x-value, e) y= x42 ai7 sad was 1a) diagram 1:4 unit squares + 1 two by two squares diagram 2: 9 unie squares + 4 two by cwo squares + 1 three by three square. Extending che pattern, in diageam 3: 144+ 9+ 16 = 30. 6) 30 3.) a ‘i by There is an increase of 175 kg of paper collected for ‘each week, «) Assume 44 weeks in a school year. 7700 kg. CHAPTER 7 Get Ready, pages 208-209 4.4) 1,2,4,8 B)1, 17 €1,2,3,4, 6,8, 12, 24 Answers * MHR 4693.4) 4, 8,12, 16 b)8, 16,24, 32 @ 6,12, 18, 24 5a) 13 < 14 b) 13.6135 98x 322012 7.a) 2000 m b)2m €) 300mm 9. 64 me 19.27 cm? 7.1 Understand Exponents, pages 212-213 3.) 36 square units &) 144 square units 121 square units 7.a) 125 cubic units &) 1728 cubic units €) 8000 cubic units 9.a)9x9 b)7X7X7 Q12x 12x12 11.8) 1.69 b)5.76 ) 16.81 d) 1.728 «) 32.768 15.625 43, 10 10 10, 25 «25, 83, 202 15, Because the units are squared along with the number, 17.96 om? 19.2) 12,32, 62, 102, (14243447, by 25, 35, 43, 5%... of (3-1), (6-3), (10 - 695, (15 ~10}%, ... Each number in the sequence isthe next natural number cubed. or 12,(1+ 2), (142437 7.2 Represent and Evaluate Square Roots, pages 216-217 5.a)3 bs 7.a) 13cm b)3.5m 0.2 mm a) Lem 9.4)8 b) 12 920 Map 12 BLS 924 g0.5 13, Answers may vary. a) Enter 81. Press the square root key. 15.2) 12 m_b) 48cm 7. V41,V38,V45 21, You might ery systematic trial, a) 3.) 5 €) 100. 7.3 Understand the Use of Exponents, pages 221-223, 5.) base: 2, exp: 4b) base: 1, exp: 6 «) base: 4, exp: 3 7.a)32 b)1 @216 3.a)4° B) 98 9) 28 FAS sne(seia 97 13. a) 0.000 32 b) 3.8416 9 0,000 729 15.24 wat ga! 3.19.5, 18! , 17, 24, V225, 118 419. a) Notice that 10° = 1000, and 10® = 1.000 000, the ‘number of zeros isthe same as the exponent. b) 100 21.81, 729 7.4 Fermi Problems, page 227 3. A loonie has a diameter of 2.6 cm, A square of side length 2.6 cm has area of approximately 7 em?, For a classroom 11m by 10 m about 160 000 loonies are needed. 5. Estimate that there are 200 words on a page, so on about 500 pages there are 190 000 words, 7. Assume the football field is 60.m by 136 m, and the textbooks are 20 cm by 25 cm. This means you need approximately 163 000 textbooks, 470 MHR + Answers ‘9. Ifthe flat bag is 100 em by 60 em, it has two sides s0 the total area is 12 000 em?. This gives a cube of side about 45 cm and volume about 91 000 em! Approximate the banana by a rectangular prism 4 em by 44m by 20 em. Its volume is 320 em’. So, about 280 bananas fit in the beg. Review, pages 228-229 1, POWER 3. BASE 5. SQUARE ROOT 7.a)9 square units b) 36 square units 9.) 256 b) 1.69 512 a) 1331 114.0) 3° > 5? b) 14? <6! 3.22 < 2.28 ) by 100 cm? 13x39 17.120 an 49. 124 am 21.2) 5* b) 10” 35 23. a) 1024 by 1 @) 0.0001 25.2! = 256 27. Answers may vary. Assume the basketball court is 15 mx 29 m, and a phonebook is 21.5 cm by 28 cm, ‘You need approximately 7000 phonebooks, 28, Answers may vary. a) Assume you receive $ coins in change a day. This means you will receive approximately 1825 coins ina year. b) Count the number of mixed coins needed to fill a small box. Divide 1825 by this number of coins. Multiply this answer by the volume of the box. Practice Test, pages 230-232 1D 2B SA 7. a) 64 cubic units b) 512 cubic units 9.a)8 620 91.2 dls 44a) 222% 2x2%2«2xIx2= SID b)3x3x3x3K3K3= 729 AKAMA KAA = 1024 13.72 cm? $5, a) Yes, is greater than 2° because when a number is :mukiplied by 2 it gets bigger by No, 1° = 15 because any number times 1 equals ise 17.20 em 49 Answers may vary. a) Estimate the distance from Earth to the moon and your average walking speed, then use these to find the time to get to the moon. b) Estimate the volume of a cell phone, then estimate the volume of a backpack, then use these to estimate the number of cell Phones that would fir in the backpack. «) Estimate how ‘many soft drinks one student drinks in a day, then multiply by the number of students and the number of days in a year.ddge wa) 15 m? b) 32 cm? ‘64.em, 2 em by 32 em, 4cm by 16 em, and re Three-Dimensional Figures, 9-241 may vary. a) sugar cube b) hockey puck skateboard ramp @) tent ) globe g) skyscraper 7.a) one hexagon and six triangles b) hexagonal pyramid rs may vary. AB = AC = DE = DF b) Answers any prism, or any pyramid except for a pyramid &) cylinder ) triangular prism angular pyramid (tetrahedron), octahedron, 1, dodecahedron e) sphere ‘equal length, and two pairs of opposite sides that are parallel, Squares have four right angles, all four sides with equal length, and two pairs of opposite sides that are parallel. Since a square fits all the descriptions of a rectangle, it can be thought of asa rectangle with the th and wideh. So, a rectangular prism can also tof as a square-based prism. pee Top view side view Font view top view side view fiont view top view side view jagrams may vary. b) Answers will vary. 414. aba) Answers may vary. 8,3 Draw and Construct Three-Dimensional Figures Nets, pages 249-251 13, Answers may vary. tam stn 5. rectangular prism 2a ) triangular prism 1 Answers may vary. A Toblerone chocolate bat 9. triangular pyramid Answers MHR-— 47113, a) trapezoid &) PETE 8.4 Surface Area of a Rectangular Prism, Pages 255-257 by 412 em? 11, 1.198 me 13, cube; S.A. = 6s? 45, No. You can only form a 2 by 4 by 1 prism, a 1 by 8 by 1 prism, or a2 by 2 by 2 prism. Their surface areas, in square units, are 28, 34, and 24 respectively 19. 456 cm? 8.5 Volume of a Rectangular Prism, Pages 260-261 3a) 175 cm? b) 240 em? 5. a) 288 cm! b) 3600 m 7. B, because washing machines are close to 1m by Lm by 11m cubes. 9. 4320 cm? 14.2) 30 000 cm!) 15 L 13.4000 cakes 15.115 em Review, pages 262-263, 41 three, polygons 3. pyramid 5. space 7.a) square-based pyramid Ay ‘9 pentagonal pyramid or triangular pris Vy 9. a) handle and wheels are cylinders, wagon box and handle pole are rectangular prisms ) Answers may vary n. by cube 4 a 472 MHR + Answers 43, Answers may vary a » 15, 1192 em? 17. 4500 em! 19, No, The volume of drawer is 107 250 cm} but the volume ofthe suitease is only 90 000 cm’. Practice Test, page xxx by no 11.04 m;2%2*04 20m 20m Chapters 5-8 Review, pages 268-269 1.2) 70%, 75% b) science test 3.25% 5. a) 6, 10, 14, 18 b) 45, 34, 23, 12 ©) 7, 14, 28, 56 eh 128, 64, 32, 16 7a) by (5,8) 9.0) 34 8 14.8) 5 7 30 13.) 16 b) 144 15, a) rectangular prism b) cylinder @ triangular pyramid @ cube ¥7. a) 952.em? b) 1760 cm? CHAPTER 9 Get Ready, pages 272-273 a)4 8) 6 ©) golf; 2 people 3. Answers will vary5. Favourite ice Cream Flavours 11. Favourite ce Cream Flavours rt | cee (9 009 Bs | senor 190 i Cotmsonicon 19.99 00 ee wnce 190 | Cam Se aa | zoe © represent 2 pope Favourite ce Cream Flavours ccc Caw ® Bike| WHI 8 ‘Walk [a 4 Orher | 2 9.) Frequency: 4, 6, 3,8, 10 ») Favourite Juice Flavours Tone Orange Srawieny_Cins Ci 7 ti” sope bent favours ‘a Crazy besry a) Strawberry-kiwi ) 31 413 8) primary b) secondary @) primary a) secondary 45. a) Since each number is equally likely to be rolled, each number would probabjj occur about the same number of times. b) € €) Answers will vary. 47, Answers will vary. 49, Answers will vary. Primary data consists of information you collect by surveying or counting. Secondary data consists of information obtained from other sources. Quite 15 ‘antic Provinces | _12 ‘Western Provinces | _18 “Terstores é TOTAL 7 Canadian Sales | Eos a” 5 ‘wana Queen West Tres Region 9.2 Stem-and-Leaf Plots, pages 283-285 3.) four b) 1,3 €2 ) 14, 17, 20, 23, 23, 28, 31, 35,42 5.a) two children, ages 7 and 9b) three teenagers, ages 13, 13, 17 @ 58, 59, 62,63 7.a) tens b)ones stem | Leaf ) Answers will vary 9a) Answess* MHR 4731a) stem by three @ 85 'b) The stem represents the ‘ones digit, and the leat represents the tenths digit 9078 15, a) 11 b) $290 «) $348 a) $3303 @) $337; n0, one ‘employee is paid $348, op 788 00234 9.3 Circle Graphs, pages 290-291 Ba TSO ne aes 10° i za [ «ft [os [vo cain [3 | 3 [cas | om Tora | 2 | DY science Project Work 9. a) meat and aler n tatives b) 400g «) 200 g auc Sou, pms, and soos. 13. Probability of Rling Each Number ‘ona Number Cube 15, Answers will vary, 9.4 Use Databases to Find Data, pages 295-297 5.) alphabetically by type of business ) business name, location, phone number, sometimes advertising of services offered 7.= 19, Answers will vary, 474 MHR + Answers 9.5 Use a Spreadsheet to Display Data, Pages 302-303, 5. The bar graph clearly identifies the top students. In the pie graph, itis difficult to tell which student has the highest standing because the sections are all very lose in size 7. The bar graph clearly shows how Marisa spent her $50 because each bar identifies exactly how much was spent ‘on each item. The pie graph only gives a rough idea of ‘what portion of the whole $50 was spent on each item. any Ellen's Comic Collection amber osuseuezs Sipe Tony Coy a Free pe Ellen's Comic Collection 1 Supertew Fantasy Comedy Graphicnovels Hotor other ‘9 Answers will vary. The pic graph is a good choice because it compares the number of comic books of each type with the total number of comics Ellen owns. The bar araph is a good choice because che bars display exactly hhow many comic books of each type Ellen owns. 41. Answers will vary. A database is any organized collection of information. A spreadsheet is a software tool used for organizing and displaying numeric dara 4B. Answers will vary. Review, pages 304-305 1 database, secondary data 3. frequency table, primary data 5. pie chart 7.4) 60 b) O'Connor; about 75.) about 47; Ziffareto hhas about 28 hours and O'Connor has about 75. 34 b) 43: The highest number in the data set is 43. Drago's Study Time Physical Education, ioe 12, a) 1, BL_b) 25; Add up the numbers in the B column,45, a) Answers will vary. A spreadsheet is just one way of ‘organizing data in a database. A database is any collection of information. b) and e) Answers will vary. Practice Test, pages 306-307 bb) 27; three 2| 24577789 alors 9. a) Frequency: 8, 4, 6, 3,3 »y Favourite Colour z a OO Boe Geen ted Pale — Ofer 2 Favourite Colour 4) Answers will vary: Both charts display the data wel. ‘The best one to use depends on what you want the graph to show. If you want the graph to show how cach colour compares to the whole then use the pie chart. If you want to compare the colours to each other and know their exact values, then use the bar graph, CHAPTER 10 Get Ready, pages 310-311 1.2)7,4,4,3 b) play a sport o other 3.2) Population is increasing. ) 7 years e) Answers may vary. Since it has increased for 7 years, it will probably keep incfeasing, 5.a) 12 b) 34.29 970 2.2 10.1 Analyse Data and Make inferences, pages 31! 3. Answers may vary. You can see the most common, least common, and range of temperature, 5. a) Ie increases, stays the same, then decreases. by Ir stays the same, decreases, then stays the same. 7.) Moe and Sable 2 weeks, Lucky 3 weeks b) Lucky 2 Moe ‘8. The heights are between 153 em and 157 em. 155 em, is the most common height. [I t oy ° 2 [wm [4 2 ° aaa 7 = o 2 [1 T ‘by Dale earns between $18 and $24 each week, Dale ‘earns $20 most often 13, a Is position increases, stays the same, then decreases. b) Week 3 €) 2 weeks ) Number 1 is the highest (best) position 45, a) Riverside: The population is increasing. Short Branch: The population stayed the same and is now decreasing. b) Short Branch e) Riverside €) 2001 f) Answers may vary: Riverside: about 1600, Short Branch: about 700. 47. Answers will vary 10.2 Measures of Central Tendency, pages 322-325 3. Diagrams may vary. a) median = 4, mode mean = 5 b) median = 10, mode = 11, mean ‘median = 5, mode = 5, mean = 6 5. a) Diagrams may vary. b) median = 7, mode = 7, mean = 6.5; median: half the girls shoot worse and half shoot better than 7 baskets out of 10, mode: most gis sink 7 baskets out of 10, mean: on averages a itl will sink 6.5 {about 6 or 7) baskets out of 10. 7.a) median = 47, mode = 41. b) median = 76, mode = 83 a) Stem | Lest » a) 1) median = 72, mode 73, mean = 72.05 «) Any J ‘one can be used because 6] 234568 they are very close in 7] 0133356 — \atne s| 2348 o|2 413, a) median = 36, mode = 36, mean = 36.7 by The mode is most important since those are the jackets sold most often. 45. a) 39.25 b) 43.) Answers may vary. 10.3 Bias, pages 328-330 2. Since the students might not want to hurt Wes’ feelings, the results might contain bias. 5. The question says “Do you realy like...", and Faye is asking, so the results might contain bias 7.a) cat and dog b) Since cat and dog are listed, i is casier to answer them. Answers ® MHR 475‘9. Yes; students would probably not want to do homework. 411. a) No; it only lists a few groups. b) No; people will have a different definition of what rocks. e Answers may vary. “What is your favourite rock band?”, with no choices given, 13, a) contains bias; Answers may vary. “Do you think the manager should be fred?” tb) no bias ) contains bias; Answers may vary. “Who is the most famous Prime ‘Minister of all time?”, with no choices given, 435. a) Ie only list a few shows. b) Answers may vary. Ifa broadcasting station’s shows are liste, it makes them seem more popular than shows that are not listed ©) Answers may vary. “What is your favourite TY. show?”, with no choices given, 17. Answers will vary. 49, Answers will vary. 10.4 Evaluate Arguments Based on Data, pages 333-335, 3. a) The first graph’s scale starts at O and its scale goes up by 5s. The second graph’s scale stars at 20 and goes up by 4s. b) The second graph make the price increase look greater than on the fist. 5.) The first graph’s scale starts at 15 and increases by 1s. The second graph’s scale starts at 0 and increases by 4s, b) The first graph make the difference in raked leaves look greater chan on the second. 2 Star Quest Progress Vy fe = oft 6 8 We eel completed 9, a) The first graph compates the ratings of the two shows for year 4. The second graph compares the ratings of the two shows over a 4-year period. ) The first graph because it makes the ratings look much better for Happy ‘Times. ) The second graph because it shows how Buddies’ ratings are increasing and Happy Times’ ratings are decreasing, No. The scale starts ar O and is evenly spaced, No, The scale starts ar 0 and is evenly spaced, Review, pages 336-337 1. median 3. bias 5. mode 7. Forrest Hills Collegiate; it is decreasing, but should stay above the other two schools 476 MER + Answers 0 1 T 7 7 4 T z 7 7 T 7 1) Oswald picks beteen 6 and 11 tomatoes from each plant. Th plants produce 8 tomatoes the most often 4%.) mean 10, median 13, mode 3; mean: the average numberof appointments per day is 10, median: the dents is busier half ofthe time, and less busy half ofthe time than 13 appointments, mode: the most common number of appointments an each day i 3. b) Answers ‘may vary. Since there are usually many more than 3 appoimments, either the mean or median can be used 43.4) Ie asumes that Big Barney Burger is good and popular.) The owner of Big Barney Burger.) Answers may vary. *What is your favourite fastfood burger 435.4) Tony ists few breakfast foods. b) Answers may vary. “What is your favourite breakfast food?™, with no chotces given. 47, a) Frequency: 11, 12, 8,7 ) Graphs may vary. © Graphs may vary. Fayurte Submarine Sandvich 7 i d) Answers may * vary. Theowner 7 might use the bias J 2 graphtomakes & 2 Hungry Cat look smote popula, 2 Q Sb Wray to oe uters "GP? Bir Practice Test, pages 338-339 uD 3A 5. a) Hawks: decreasing; Dancers: increasing, decreasing, then increasing) Answers may vary. Hawks about 600, Dancers about 800 7. a) Yess the difference in the graph size exaggerates the difference in price by using a vertical scale that does not start at 0, b) People will think that Bubbles pop is much cheaper %. cas | ei a0 |W [1 73 i T 1 7 T r ri 7 3 80 7 7 a1 by 73.) median = 73.5, mode = 75CHAPTER 11 Get Ready, pages 344-345 1.2)-6 B50 92 3.A-6,B-3, C-1, D0, E +4, F+6 5.a) 12 < 15 b) 32>23 @ 20>0 a) 33.42 29230 4.40 7.a)3 30 025 8.4 9.2) 3B) 12 © 50 a 60 11.1 Compare and Order Integers, pages 349-351 5.2) 1,45 b)-5,-2 2-5, -2, 41,45 = 0°C, 8°, 15°C, 20°C 1°C, 0°C, 8° 98°C, 12°C, -1°C, 1 41 b)-9,0, +5, 411 1) w)-12 5 @)-7 43 -14 Odi oh a5 06 a7 8 Satan ee 4) 0, +6,-4 Sapa aa 45. Answers may vary. a) -10°C today, -8°C yesterday b)-10 <8 oss 7e5 432-0 17.) The 3 means the third game. The 0 is is plasiminus rating.) In che fist game, Jake had a plus/minus rating of ~1. «) The ordered pairs (6, 2), (7, 2), and (8,1) represent games 6, 7, and 8. Jake ean say, “In the last three games, I have improved to a postive plusminus eating.” 49.) February 3, $,6,and 7 ©) February 1,2, 3,and 4 1 Ie was 6°C colder.) ~3°C on day 3.4) The wend was toward colder temperatures. 11.2 Explore Integer Addition, pages 354-355 3) (+2) + -2) = 0B) (45) + (5) = 0 2-7) + (4) 9.) 0 &) 0 €10 a) 0; This happens because the integers in each pair are opposite. Opposite integers add to 0. 11.3 Adding Integers, pages 359-361 5. a) (62) + (92) = +4 by (-1) + (-3) 2-4 2-2) + (44) = 42 A (41) + C4} 7.2) +9 B)-8 J -~6 d)-3 0 N46 9. a) positive b) 0 & positive a) negative e) negative 11.) +16 b)0 0 d) 42 @)-40 1-5 13, a) (20) + (+15) =—5 b) (+89) + (-95) =-6 ) +4410) = 47 ep (+83) + (-23) = +60 45, Answers may vary. (-1) + (2) (42) + 5) = 3; (43) + (-6) = 3 W7. a) (+12) + (15) = 3b) (425) + (-32) =-7 (+18) +11) 49,0) +21 b)-6 0-2 @-I1 0-20 2) To [Tay7] » Pepys palo) Se =ap4 fs aia ts 11.4 Explore Integer Subtraction, pages 366-367 3.9) (5) ~(-3) =-2 by (43) ~ (22) = 41 @ (4) = (-4)=0 5.a) +4 b)-2 12 a) 45 7.a)-2 b)-4 7 @)-8 049 9-3 a)47 by 14 413 d+ )-5 0 si Take away -3 ° The answer is-2 The answer is +2 13. a) Vancouver 9°C, Edmonton 5°C, Ottawa 8°C, “Trois-Rivigres 7°C, Fredericton 2°C, Saint John 7°C. bb) Vancouver ¢) Fredericton 415. Answers may vary. a) (-3) ~ (+4) — by (-3) + (5) — (44) — (47) = 19 5) + (47) 245 11.5 Extension: Subtracting Integers, pages 371-373 5.2) 47 BY (45) + (22) Ta) 44 b)-7 9-14 @)-17 «) +12 19220 g) 44 mS 9.a)-1 B14 Q-4 @)-I o)-8 9-6 g)-1 9 44.8) 63 b)-S @) 412 €) 416 @)-4 4 gel h)-S 43. a) (48) — (415) = 7B) (-8)— (415) = 23 (4) — (67) 2-3 9 -5)— (4) ©) (100) ~ (+600) = -700 # (-20) —(-5) 45.0) 48 b)-12 30 &)-20 21.) $100 b) Answers may vary. You forgoe the minus sign As 11.6 Integers Using a Calculator, pages 376-377 3. (Al) +23 +79 (-18) = 23 + 79-11 ~ 485 Answer: 73, 5.a) +1 b) +16 0-5 0 7.a) +233 b) 40 @)-$7 €)-252 «)-196 232 9. 41,-1, +2, -2, 43,3, ..§ You obtain an alternating sequence of postive and negative integers. 11. 10 under par 13.0) (5) + (A) +3) = 12 BY IT) + 10) + 9) 9 (1) +0) + (st) =0 % [i [*[o a2 po esilealen 17. a) 26°C b) 108°C 19,0)2-3 4423 b)2+4-3=3 442-323 M34 2e4e3 q2+(3)e4=3 Answers* MHR 477#4 + 2~ (+3) = 3 The order in which the additions and subtractions are carried out does not alfect the answer Review, pages 378-379 1. Term txample positive integers D) +1 and 42 bb) negative integers yl and 2 opposite integers ©) +2 and -2 4) zc10 principle B (+1) +(-1)=0 3.8) To aaa b)~10, ~8, ~5, ~3,-2, 0, +2, +8 5. a) (+9) + (-3) = +6; The stock finished trading $6 higher. by (~8) + (+6) = -2; The final emperarure was =2°C. o) (+3) + (A) = = Hlizabeth’s total score was 1 under par. ) (+7) + (-10) = ~3; Keith stil owed $3. wears @) (+6) + (-8) = -2. The candidate had 2 more votes against them than for them, 7.8390 9.a)-2 b)-10 5 48 114. Both have result +12, Diagrams may vary. 13.2) +10 b)-10 49 a5 15.41 1.2) (-6) + (42) + (43) + 4} +7) +A) B16 Practice Test, pages 380-381 uC 3A S.C 7B 2)-9 by 45 Q—7 a) +16 4)-10- 10-9745 + 16, 11.8) -20 By Add -10 (or subtract +10). CHAPTER 12 Get Ready, pages 384-385 1a) 13 31 9.26 «27 B.a)3413= 16 b)7—4=3 Q2x6=12 @) 13-8=5 @)8x9=72 5. P= 46cm, A= 120 em? 7.a) begin with 4, increase by 4; 16, 20 b) begin with 6, increase by 4; 18, 22) begin with 5, increase by 4; 17, 21 12.1 Variables and Expressions, pages 389-391 5. Let C represent the variable, a) C +6 b)2C +2 93C+1 g2C+4 2 Fe "BA oe TO A EEO-G *5.-0-0- May IL by? @) 1S 13 799 478 MHR * Answers Re) 6-0 “TO000-09 9 sence (9-00-00 “BOCOTI0000---- 45. Variables may vary. a) 10 + p b) 8a «A+ 10 d) 2/ a O--0--G- 00 saps ae rs cet res ne Rae fe earn foe Ee eae eee SS eee ee Cee a eee 12.2 Solve Equations by Inspection, pages 395-397 5.a)9 B68 7a)7 2 93 9a) 19 B50 99 4 99-5 1.21 13. a) yes b) no €)20 @)no @) no f) no 15.2) 3 6)6 038d) 77 5 4 17. a) Answers will vary. For example, x + 3x7 =8 b) Answers will vary. 19, 15 min 23a) 3 +x =-10 b)-13 12.3 Model Patterns With Equations, pages 401-403 5.) [Rane of ova] Perimeter | Nmber uation] t Telet z 2ede2, 3 EXEES] ‘quations may vary. a) S+m=6,5+n=7,Sen=8 by) 5 += 17, there are 17 marbles at the mth diagram in the patter. Solving for m shows that = 12, or that the twelfth diagram in the pattern will have 17 marbles. 9.) 37 =5 4 du, du 45 = 3700S + dw = 37 b) 2a +6 = 26, 26 = 2a + 6,076 = 6 + 2a 11. 2n- 2 = 20, m is the number of blocks 13, Answers may vary. a) 6 cubes minus 2 cubes leaves, 4 cubes. b) 11 cubes, each cube has 2 stickers on it but ‘one of the cubes has an extra sticker on it. & 4 cubes in the shape of a square, one sticker on each exposed face, but the two top faces have no stickers, 45.2) 102 = 3m + 20 b) Answers will varypages Practice Test, pages 418-419 LA 3B SC 3) 7.2) 5h = 35 b) 3 9.2) 12 b)3 0)23 @ 12 @ 11 [ou [ERE Atm [2ercae2] say t04 Ve 7s w S65 t 13.4(c~ 1) +6 =86,c=21 7 [Zonthe le, Zine mals To sayy 5 2on the ih i se Chapters 9-12 Review, pages 422-423 apa 263x102] ay on thee Ty [Zon the ee din the mide, [> eeu ea [4 [rontheright-20de2 [204x142 Green [wn | 8 b)2+dels2=11 @d=7; the seventh diagram has Bise [i 4 11dors. Yellow [wm |» 7.03 Oranss a 9.222 B45 7 » Colous of Candy _ © Colours of candy b)26 09 6 ; 8b) n= 7) Answers may vary a Use systematic trial i Wa) 1 $36 252,52 17 B24 2s = 48,5=23 g 49, Answers will vary. a) 3u + 2.= 26 B) (n—2) +3 =2 : 23, 49 10, 106 yes. The number of smiley faces is 4n +2 (the 4 side faces + 2 ends). This expression always gives an even number, so 49 is not possible. When there are 26 cubes in the rod, the number of smiley faces is 4 26 + 2, or 106. | 12.5 Model With Equations, pages 413-415 5.a) C4410, C= $40 b)2A+ 14 = 42, A= 14 0, h = 160.em nia S.h= Sem 11. Answers will vary. a) You have 5 books but you want how many more do you need? -) Each book the rorl bill came to $28, how many books were 2 e) There are 3 shelves ina book case. On the first ss, how many books are on the tied shel? fare the same equation just writen in a diferent order. $5.0) 34 6+ 69140 9 Answers may vary. Use systemace tril. 47. a) Answers will vary. B) LL em 49.) 80m b) Answers may vary. Use systematic ra 23.56 | Review, pages 416-417 1 eq{u)a(ti(o)n, variable 3. olution 5. a) Thtce times a number is equal to 6. b) 33 adS BS 9.70 11. 66+ 6 =46 13.2) 6 b)12 08 a2 $5.) 1+ 2n B14 2n= 51 025 wajodai-1 wel | Teer Bae Won 4) The bar graph makes it clear exactly how many Candies of each type were in the package. The pictograph looks lke a candy and gives an impeesson of what fraction of the total each colour is 3. Share of Work 5. a) Vinyl records: decreasing, then staying the same; CDs increasing; Video tapes: staying the same, then decreasing. b) CDs ) 13 0005 each year sales increase by 500, 7.) Sunny Time; the graph makes their product look ‘more popular. b) The scale starts at 44 yew ee en Compare te Tete! the same in popularity, buc the * fie geoph mab ok ike . P| Sunny Time is 3 times more & bes popular. bn i Sinn Tine Best Fresh oe %a)-8 b)-5 -5 d)-—6 fira)-30_b) +80 10-0 0) -150 13.42 cm? tae wd fie Answers * MH 479CHAPTER 13 Get Ready, pages 426-427 41.2) No; corresponding sides and angles are not equal b) Yess corresponding sides and angles are equal. «) Nos corresponding sides are nor equal 3. a) irregular; all angles not equal b) regular; all sides equal and all angles equal. irregular; all angles not equal ) irregular; all sides not equal 5. Yes; corresponding sides and angles are equal. Ww 13.1 Explore Transformations, pages 430-433 5. Answers will ary a) 9. They do not change the size or the shape of the figure. After the transformation, the image is congruent to the original, 114. You use rotations when you turn the dial. You use translations when you open and close the lock. 13, Answers may vary. a) A window with two panes of sass. One pane is pushed over the other to open the window, b) A window with one pane of glass. As you rotate a handle, the glass rotates outward, opening the window. ) In the middle of the common side. b) 180° ) Design A: squares related by translation, reflection, ‘or rotation; triangles related by rotation o reflections ‘trapezoids related by reflection or rotation. Design B: parallelogram related by roration or translation. bb) Answers will vary. Design A: reflection, rotation 180" Design B: roration 90°. 21. The location of the original and the final image isthe 13.3 Extension: Translations on a Coordinate Grid, pages 440-441 5.2) 4 units right b) 5 units up 7.4) (3,6) BID 5 , 480 MHR + Answers 7 x 11, a) Michel said, “Translate the image 2 units right and 1 unit up. This brings the image back onto the original.” 'b) He knew this by reversing Farecha’s instructions. 13.4 Identify Tiling Patterns and Tessellations, pages 444-445 5-9. wwers will vary Review, pages 456~457 1. image 3. angle of rotation 5. tessllation 7 reflection 9. Answers will vary 11. On any of the 4 axes of symmetry, that is, along the diagonals of the square or perpendicular to and halfway along any side of the square, 13, a) rectangles: translation, reflection, of rotations trapezoids: reflection or rotation; triangles: elletion or rotation b) rotation: rotate about its centre 180" or 36 reflection: place a miecor horizontally theough the centre; reflection: place a miecor vertically through the centre Ie does not matter. The window is symmetrical soit looks the same upside down as it does right side up. 45, Translate the figure 1 unit left and 3 units up, 47, The image was translated horizontally either left or right. 19. translates the figure 2 units left and 3 units up 2A. yes 23, a) Each brick is made up of three regular hexagons with the common sides removed. Regular hexagons tile the plane. )€) ) @) Answers will vary. Practice Test, pages 458-459 10 3A 5. Answers will vary 7. Parallelogram ABCD is translated 2 units left and 3 tunis down, 9.10 11, Answers will vary, 43. a) no b) large triangles (F and Gl: turn centre isin the ‘middle of the tangram puzzle, rotate F counterclockwise 90° or rotate G clockwise 90° small triangles (C and E); turn centre is 1 unit right of the middle, rotate C clockwise 90° or rorate E counterclockwise 90°) large triangles (F and G): reflect along the line between them; small triangles (C and EF): reflect through a micror line in centre of square parallel with the two trianglesGlossary np (Beuitelangle) An angle whose measure is less than 90°. (BESHEWRRE| A triangle in which each of the three interior angles is less than 90°. aA ‘An equation or formula that describes a relationship. Uses numbers and variables. 3x = 6 and C = 3d are algebraic equations, |BABIE| The figure formed by two rays or two line segments with a common endpoint called the vertex. anal é ‘vertex The angle aeek through which a figure angle of turns. rotation (BRB) The number of square units contained in a ‘two-dimensional region. (BREBERPAD A raph that uses horizontal or vertical ‘bars to represent data visually. (Base (exponential fori) The factor you multiply. In 5?, the base is 5. A side of a polygon. Short igh? base (Bias) An, emphasis on characteristics that are not typical of an entire population. Certain responses can be encouraged by the wording of a question form is b. [GiFAE| The set of all points in the plane that are the same distance from a fixed point called the centre. % de (Girelelgraph) A graph in which a circle is used to represent a whole and is divided into sectors that show how data are divided into parts by percent. Also called a pie chart. A number that is a ‘common multiple of the denominators of a set of two or more fractions. Tee 10 is a common denominator for 7 and 5. A two-dimensional figure that can be split into two or more simpler figures. A diagram that places concepts oF ideas in balloons. The balloons are linked together to show how concepts are related. ‘Objects that can be used to help in understanding mathematical concepts and skills. Also called manipulatives Examples are base 10 blocks, centimetre cubes, partern blocks, geoboards, number lines, hundred charts, spinners, number tiles, and so on. [BUA thsee-dimensional objece with a circular base and a curved surface. Figures that have the same size and shape. : ‘ i. Me, Glossary®* MHR 481ae Fl THe woe 9) plane, Also known as the coordinate or ‘Cartesian plane. (Soresposiing ag Angles that have the same relative position in geometric figures. ri in. Me. Congr pts cf anges es ZB and LE LCand AF (Gor A’ Sides that have the same Pelntive postion ii geomeaie egures, ; : aa ra oar BC and EF AC and OF {| piyedron wth sx eng agate SEGRE) Te prods o te cal ictors. Represents the volume of a cube. 2x2x2=23 A three-dimensional object with two parallel circular bases. (Ga Facts or information. ‘GatabA8e) An organized collection of information. ‘Often stored electrosically. ‘ATE numte of ql pars ne whole or the group. 3 has denominator 4. 4 ‘MiffeFEHEE A number resulting from subtraction. 482 MHR + Glossary ‘Wodecahedron, A polyhedron with 12 pentagonal faces. BD ‘(Rdge) Where two faces meet. =. ‘Eqiiation| A mathematical statement that has equal expressions on either side of the equal sign. ‘eilcerl angle triangle with all three sides equal 1 2 (SvaERE EONS Fracons suchas + and 2 that represent the same part of a whole or group. (BBE An approximate answer obtained using freee een Saeep ENATesTe ie uae terre ate rea to check the reasonableness of a calculation. ‘(GkponeHE The number of factors you multiply. ‘exponential form A shorter method for writing numbers expressed as repeated multiplication. “(eXpression) Numbers and variables, combined by operations. 3x + 2y is an expression. (E42) A far or curved surface of an object. ‘{fatOFF The numbers that are multiplied to produce a specific product. 2and 3 are factors of 6, since 2x3 = 6. ‘An outcome that counts for the probability being calculated. The sequence 1, 1, 2, 3,5, 8, 13, «se Deseribes many patterns in nature. Formilla) A set of ideas, words, symbols, figures, characters, or principles used to state a general rule, ‘The formula for the area, A, of a rectangle with length Fand width w is A= [>< w.'A pattern that gets smaller as it repeats forever. [fraction] A number that represents a part of a whole or a part of a group, ‘(FreguEREY EABIE A table used to show the toral ‘numbers of occurrences in an experiment or survey. ‘frieze’ patter) A design pattern thar repeats in one direction. (eight! The perpendicular distance from the base of 1 polygon to the opposite side. Short form ish. Ale \eptagen) A polygon with seven sides. & RexagOH A polygon with six sides. A prism whose bases are congruent hexagons. Wasa A polyhedron with 20 triangular faces. [iiARE A figure resulting from a transformation. A fraction in which the ‘numerator is greater than the denominator, a suc as & number in the sequence ..., 3, -2, 0, +1, #2, +3, . HERRMUBEINE 4 potrgon thesis oe ceguice. w A triangle with exactly two (BRE) A quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent sides equal. ‘[lineoF Symmetry’ A line thar divides a shape into ‘two parts that can be matched by folding the shape in half, [> line of symeny ‘line Segment) The part of a line that joins two points, ‘(Mianipulatives; Objects thar are can be used to help, in understanding mathematical concepts and skills. Also called concrete materials. Examples are base 10 blocks, centimetre cubes, pattern blocks, geoboards, number lines, hundred charts, spinners, number tiles, and ‘The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set. a ea RE 4 ls represents the centre of a set of data. It can be the mean, median, or mode ‘The middle number in a set of data when the data are arranged in order from least to greatest. If there is an even number of pieces of data, the median is the average of the two middle values. The median of 1, 1, 3, 5, 6,8 3 The median of 1, 1, 3, 5, is2. (ie A number made up ofa whole 1 number and a fraction, such as 35. Glossary* MHR 483,The value that occurs most frequently in a set of data. There can be more than one mode, or no mode. For 1, 2, 3, 3, 8, the mode is 3. ‘(Rodel (nou) A physical model that can be used to represent a situation. To represent the facts and factors of, and the results of, a situation. (BiRBIE| The product ofa given number and a natural number. Multiples of 2 are 2, 4, 6, 8, and so on. D ‘The numbers 1,2 3, on. Also called positive integers. (HGGAIVE IAEEBER One of the numbers ~1, -2, -3, [Ret A two-dimensional drawing that can be folded ‘to form a three-dimensional object. A single pattern piece that shows all the faces of the figure. and so A line that matches a set of points and a set of numbers one to one. ot ‘[Huimerator The number of equal parts being ‘considered in the whole or the group. 3 $ has numerator 3. ‘An angle that measures more than 90° but less than 180°, Re [Getagon! A polygon with eight sides. [Getahiedron) A polyhedron with eight triangular faces. 484° HR Glossary (opi AKEHERS To integers with the same ‘numeral but opposite signs. +2 and -2 are opposite integers. Correct sequence of steps for ‘a calculation. Use BODMAS to remember. B Brackets, then © _ Order: D_ ] Division and Multiplication, M_f from left to right A. | Addition and Subtraction, Sf from left to right (Ber pie) A pair of numbers, such as (2, 5), used to locate a point on a coordinate grid. (Bite One possible result of a probability ‘experiment. |[Parall€lTine¥) Lines in the same plane that never meet. |[parallélogram A four-sided figure with both pairs ‘of opposite sides parallel. ay [BARE] An arrangement of shapes, lines, colours, numbers, symbols, and so on, for which you can predict what comes next. —— A simple statement that tells how to form of continue a pattern. (BeRRERBA A polygon with five sides. |Pentagonal ris) prism whose bases are ‘congruent pentagons. ‘EAE RBI 4 ym wish» page(PERE Oe of 100. 50 50% means oF 0.5. A circle divided into 100 equal sections. Each section represents 1%. ‘A number whose square root is a natural number 4 isa perfect square. Its square root is 2. ‘The distance around the outside of a two-dimensional shape or figure. ‘Two lines that cross at 90°. AA graph that illustrates data using pictures and symbols. ‘The value given to the place in which a digit appears in a number. place, 3 is in the hundreds place, 4 is in the tens place, and 5 is in the ones place. A two-dimensional closed figure whose sides are line segments. Es ‘A three-dimensional figure with faces are polygons. tha ine One of the numbers +1, +2, +3, — number in exponential form, Includes @ se and an exponent. exponent (Primary) Data you collect yourself. Data from a survey are primary data three-dimensional object with two parallel, congruent polygonal bases. A prism is named by the shape of its bases, for example, rectangular prism, triangular prism. ‘The chance that something will happen. A number resulting from multiplication. AA fraction in which the ‘denominator is greater than the numerator, s such as 3 == polyhedron with one base and the number of triangular faces as there are jes on the base. wD (GRRE A four-sided polygon. we (GWOtIERE) A number resulting from division. > (Fandom) A type of choice or pick in which each ‘outcome is equally likely. YA part of a line with one endpoint. ‘FeetAHBIE) A quadrilateral with two pairs of equal “opposite sides and four right angles. (Feetangillar prism) A prism whose bases are congruent rectangles (Reangataripyramid, A pyramid with a rectangular ie (FAEGIOA) A flip over a mirror line, and all angles equal. EROS a formed eres so se numbers. Can often be seen by plotting ordered pairs on a coordinate grid. ‘A decimal with a digit or group ‘of digits that repeats forever. Write the repeating digits with a bar: 0.333... = 0.3. Glossary *MHR 485Lane A quadrilateral in which the lengths of all four sides are equal. SF ‘FighE/aingle) An angle thar measures 90°. Le JFRAME) A triangle containing a 90° angle [. ‘Potato! A turn about a fixed point. a A triangle with no sides equal (ReoaseV AAA! Daca obcained from someone else. ‘An encyclopedia is an example of secondary data, Figures that have the same shape but different size. ‘ARST and ALVWae sit (BLES 4 proabiley experiment used to model a real situation. IBBRBIORY A number thar makes an equation true. (tsi BP TAIPEBAT A mechod of solving equations using rental math, A method of solving equations by substituting values for the variable until the correct answer is obtained. 486 MR + Glossary (BpBERE) A round ballshaped object. All points on its surface are the same distance from a fixed point called the centre. (Spreadsheet! A software tool for organizing and displaying numeric data. (SGWAFE A rectangle in which the lengths of all four sides are equal. \squaretbased pyramid) pyramid with a square base. (5a aRBEY The product of two equal factors. Represents the area of a square. 3x33? A factor that multiplies by itself to give thar number. Since 8 x 8 = 64, the square root of 64 is 8. ‘HatHSIE) A value calculated from a sct of data. ‘stemeand-leaf IGE) A way of organizing numerical data by representing part of each number as a stem and the other part of the number as a leaf. (Sui) A number resulting from addition, (Ritfi4F8H| The numberof square units needed to cover the outside of an object. ‘SuEVEY) A sampling of information. Can be conducted by asking people questions or cerviewing them. ‘Syimimeizy, A balanced arrangement on either side of a centre line. This line is called a line of symmetry. A table listing two sets of numbers that may be related. ae A table used to record experimental results or data, Tally marks are used to count the data.=e pater that covers a plane without RRBTGEBIRE) A fixed point about which a figure overlapping or leaving gaps. Also called a tiling, rotates. BBD A dee ar represent an unknown number. In 2x + 4, the letter x is a variable. An expression that contains variables and operations with numbers, 2x +4 is a variable expression. | Mei diagram that uses nested andlor ‘overlapping shapes to show relationships. rent position, orientation, or size. Three types of transformations are translations, rotations, and reflections. - ana slide along a straight line. (ee () ‘wanslation atow [WEE A point at which two sides of a figure ‘meet. arses A~- (iaBSLaOR|SFFOW! An acrow that shows the : istance and direction of a translation ‘Woltime) The number of cubic units con A four-sided figure with exactly one pair a of opposite sides parallel. BD HERBIE Te horizontal number line on a coordinate ‘grid. ‘The first number in the ordered pair (EIA A diagram that shows owcomes as = bing a point on a coordinate grid sets of branches. Useful for organizing, combined outcomes. ‘The point P(2, 5) has x-coordinate 2. A closed, three-sided figure. WEBBIN To vertical nurber line on a coordinae sn ‘A prism whose bases are (SeoorMinaEE) The sccond number in the ordered eeeesre ral. pair describing a point on a coordinate grid. am ‘The point P(2, 5) has y-coordinate 5. ale pyri wih age ERBREISE he siocpe sas oppsie inegers cancel each other out. The sum of a pair of “opposite integers is zero, For example, (+1) + (-1) = 0. Glossary *MHR 487