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What is Diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough
insulin or is not working properly in the body. Insulin is a hormone that
regulates blood sugar.
Causes: Excess weight and physical inactivity. This can be aggravated if
genetic background, explained Juan Gutierrez Mejia, Department of Medicine
ITESM.
Symptoms: Excessive urination, thirst, constant hunger, weight loss, gradual
loss of vision and fatigue.
Diagnosis: A blood test, which takes hard shows five minutes.
Treatment: "Patients with diabetes take oral medications for control. Some
need the injectable insulin to prevent hyperglycemia, consequence of not
treating this disease. " And it is essential to regulate the foods eaten, avoid soft
drinks and fruits like banana.
Prevention: Maintain a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular
physical activity; avoid smoking and drinking sodas and juices high in sugar.
Numbers: The epidemic of diabetes mellitus is recognized by the World Health
Organization (WHO) as a global threat. More than 180 million people have the
disease in the world and is likely that this figure will double by 2030.
HYPERTENSION 2
Source: It is attributed to Galileo and doctors in Greece
IBV
Source: Britain
Causal agent
This disease is caused by a virus
(coronavirus), which affects only chickens.
Symptom
Breath sounds typical of the disease
occur in both young and adult birds, including
wheezing,
crackles (because mucus from the trachea),
cough, runny nose
and watery eyes. Based only on
respiratory symptoms, it is difficult to differentiate from Newcastle disease.
Unlike with Newcastle disease, bronchitis never presents nervous symptoms
and mortality is lower egg production but also affected, never goes down to
zero, egg quality is altered for longer and birds take longer to normalize the
posture.
Transmission
The disease is easily transmitted through the air and any other mechanical
means. Bronchitis usually affects an entire batch of birds simultaneously,
completing the course in 10-15 days breathing.
Treatment and control
There is no specific treatment and once presented is difficult to control.
Immunity can occur quickly by application of the vaccine. The vaccine of
attenuated strains Connecticut or Massachusetts, alone or in combination can
be applied from day of hatching.
Fowl cholera
Causal agent
It is a highly contagious disease of chickens, turkeys
and other birds. It is caused by a bacterium called
Pasteurella multocida.
Symptoms can occur in three ways:
In the acute form, avian cholera attacks the body,
affecting large numbers of animals and cause high
mortality. Lots of birds stop eating and drinking,
losing weight quickly; may appear greenish yellow diarrhea and a marked drop
in egg production. paralysis may occur due to swelling of the legs and fingers.
In the hyper acute form, causing sudden death of apparently healthy animals.
The attack is so fast that it may not notice aviculture is an outbreak of the
disease.
Sometimes it can take a chronic form, in which the disease is localized, causing
swelling in the face and wattles of chickens. Chins can take a wine red and feel
hot to the touch. Cholera usually not present in young chickens, but in turkeys.
Transmission
Physical waste from sick birds contaminates food, water and bed and infecting
other healthy animals. They can also become infected when healthy birds peck
animal carcasses who had the disease. The outbreak occurs between four and
nine days after infection contracted.
Treatment and control
For treatment it has been recommended the use of sulfa drugs, such as
sulfaquinoxalina. Other products such as enrofloxacin and fosfomycin are
recommended for the treatment of this and other respiratory diseases.
To control the disease it is recommended to soon remove the bodies, in order to
be uneaten (cannibalism) by other birds. Should make a total cleaning and
disinfection of facilities and equipment. The application of bacterins is
advisable in most areas where a high degree of risk that an outbreak occurs
there.
Infectious coryza
Causal agent
This disease is caused by a bacterium called
Haemophilus gallinarum.
Symptom
Among the first symptoms sneezes, followed by
a smelly discharge and inflammation of the eyes
and sinuses they are presented. As the disease progresses, the exudate
becomes cheesy (like cheese) and accumulates in the eyes; causing swelling
and in many cases even loss of the eye. The problem may accelerate or
aggravate when sudden changes in air currents, temperature, humidity, or
deworming and vaccination are presented. Generally decreases feed intake and
egg production.
Transmission
The disease can be transmitted from one animal to another and from one flock
to another by direct contact, through dust particles that moves air between
galerones or through people who care for animals.
Treatment and control
The best control is through prevention, raising new batches of chickens reared
in sheds away from the old birds or those suspected of carrying the disease.
There is no specific treatment, although the use of antibiotics is recommended
to avoid possible secondary infections.
Avian encephalomyelitis
Causal agent
The disease is caused by a "enterovirus"
picornavirus group. It usually affects birds
between the first and third week of age and
adults during the laying period.
Symptom
Symptoms occur most often in young
animals,
to
express
a
hesitant,
incoordination and even partial or complete
paralysis walk. As increases muscle
incoordination, birds tend to sit on the tarsus (heel), worse until they can no
longer walk. When handling these birds, you can feel the rapid body tremors.
Transmission
Encephalomyelitis is mainly transmitted through infected birds eggs; although
the possibility of spread directly or through feces is not ruled out.
Treatment and control
There is no curative treatment and slaughter of young animals affected is
recommended. Players vaccinated after 10 weeks of age immunity transmitted
to offspring through the egg.
It
Symptom
Early symptoms resemble those produced by New
Castle
disease and infectious, such as difficulty breathing,
runny nose and trachea rales of bronchitis. Often there is a whitish foam
material in the trachea and air sacs. In advanced cases of the disease you can
appreciate the liver and covered by an exudate of white or yellow heart. The
course of the disease is slow.
Transmission
The disease is transmitted by direct contact, one bird to another or through
dust particles carried by the wind from one house to another. The main
problem is that the hens can transmit the disease to their children through the
egg.
Treatment
Although treatment with specific antibiotics gives satisfactory results,
economically speaking, it is best to control by removing diseased animals.
Serologic tests to detect positive breeding at the farm level, which can be
offered disease-free birds. Fertile eggs may be treated with antibiotics such as
tylosin tartrate, to eliminate microorganisms M. gallisepticum.
Erythromycin glutamate concentrations of 2 g / gallon of water for three days
has significantly reduced the infection. Tylosin tartrate is used with good results
in dose of 0.5 g / l of water, for 2-3 days, depending on the infection
Gumboro or Bursitis
Causal
agent
This disease is caused by a birnavirus, which is
highly resistant to unfavorable environmental
conditions, so its eradication from infected
farms difficult.
Symptom
Avian influenza
Causal agent
Like
and "C"
"A" type is generally the
humans.
Symptom
other
avian
influenza,
Orthomyxovridae belong to the
family.
All
influenza
viruses
affecting domestic animals are the
group "A". The other groups "B"
affect only humans; however the
most important causes epidemics in
DIABETES
Fuente: Los mdicos griegos descubrieron la dulce orina.
En las ltimas dcadas, los mexicanos han expresado una transicin
epidemiolgica. Las enfermedades crnicas degenerativas han reemplazado a
las infecciosas como principales causas de mortalidad. La diabetes es la
principal causa de muertes al ao en Mxico, con cerca de 10 millones.
Qu es la Diabetes ocurre cuando el pncreas no produce suficiente insulina o
no est funcionando correctamente en el cuerpo. La insulina es una hormona
que regula el azcar en la sangre.
Causas: Exceso de peso e inactividad fsica. Esto puede agravarse si el fondo
gentico, explic Juan Gutirrez Meja, Departamento de Medicina ITESM.
Sntomas: miccin excesiva, sed, hambre constante, prdida de peso, prdida
gradual de visin y fatiga.
Diagnstico: Un anlisis de sangre, que toma dura demuestra cinco minutos.
Tratamiento: "Los pacientes con diabetes toman medicamentos orales para el
control, algunos necesitan la insulina inyectable para prevenir la
hiperglucemia, consecuencia de no tratar esta enfermedad." Y es esencial
regular los alimentos consumidos, evitar los refrescos y frutas como el banano.
Prevencin: Mantener un peso saludable mediante una dieta equilibrada y una
actividad fsica regular; Evite fumar y beber refrescos y jugos con alto
contenido de azcar.
Nmeros: La epidemia de diabetes mellitus es reconocida por la Organizacin
Mundial de la Salud (OMS) como una amenaza global. Ms de 180 millones de
personas tienen la enfermedad en el mundo y es probable que esta cifra se
duplicar para 2030.
HIPERTENSIN 2
Fuente: Se atribuye a Galileo ya mdicos en Grecia
Sobrepeso y obesidad
IBV
Fuente: Gran Bretaa
agente causal
Esta enfermedad es causada por un virus (coronavirus), que afecta slo a los
pollos.
Sntoma
Sonidos respiratorios tpicos de la enfermedad ocurren tanto en aves jvenes
como adultas, incluyendo sibilancias, crujidos (debido a la mucosidad de la
trquea), tos, secrecin nasal y ojos llorosos. Basado slo en los sntomas
respiratorios, es difcil diferenciarse de la enfermedad de Newcastle. A
diferencia de la enfermedad de Newcastle, la bronquitis nunca presenta
sntomas nerviosos y la mortalidad es menor, pero tambin afectada, nunca
baja a cero, la calidad del huevo se altera por ms tiempo y las aves tardan
ms en normalizar la postura.
Transmisin
La enfermedad se transmite fcilmente a travs del aire y cualquier otro medio
mecnico. La bronquitis por lo general afecta a un lote completo de aves
simultneamente, completando el curso en 10-15 das de respiracin.
Tratamiento y control
No hay tratamiento especfico y una vez presentado es difcil de controlar. La
inmunidad puede ocurrir rpidamente por la aplicacin de la vacuna. La vacuna
de cepas atenuadas Connecticut o Massachusetts, sola o en combinacin se
puede aplicar desde el da de la eclosin.
clera de aves
agente causal
Es una enfermedad altamente contagiosa de pollos, pavos y otras aves. Es
causada por una bacteria llamada Pasteurella multocida.
Los sntomas pueden ocurrir de tres maneras:
En la forma aguda, el clera aviar ataca al cuerpo, afectando a un gran nmero
de animales y causando una alta mortalidad. Muchas aves dejan de comer y
beber, perder peso rpidamente; Pueden aparecer diarrea amarilla verdosa y
una marcada cada en la produccin de huevos. La parlisis puede ocurrir
debido a la hinchazn de las piernas y los dedos.
Coriza infecciosa
agente causal
Esta enfermedad es causada por una bacteria llamada Haemophilus
gallinarum.
Sntoma
Entre los primeros estornudos sntomas, seguido de una secrecin maloliente y
la inflamacin de los ojos y los senos que se presentan. A medida que la
enfermedad progresa, el exudado se vuelve cursi (como el queso) y se acumula
en los ojos; Causando hinchazn y en muchos casos incluso prdida del ojo. El
problema puede acelerarse o agravarse cuando se presentan cambios
repentinos en las corrientes de aire, temperatura, humedad o desparasitacin y
vacunacin. Generalmente disminuye la ingesta de alimento y la produccin de
huevos.
Transmisin
La enfermedad puede transmitirse de un animal a otro y de un rebao a otro
por contacto directo, a travs de partculas de polvo que mueven el aire entre
galerones oa travs de personas que cuidan animales.
Tratamiento y control
El mejor control es a travs de la prevencin, la crianza de nuevos lotes de
pollos criados en cobertizos lejos de las aves de edad o los sospechosos de
portar la enfermedad. No existe un tratamiento especfico, aunque se
recomienda el uso de antibiticos para evitar posibles infecciones secundarias.
Se pueden aplicar antibiticos como la estreptomicina por va intramuscular en
una sola dosis de 200 miligramos por polla o gallina, o 300 a 400 miligramos
por polla. Eritromicina en el agua potable a dosis de 0,5 g / galn (3,785 l)
durante siete das, o alimentar a una tasa de 92,5 g por tonelada durante 7 a
14 das.
encefalomielitis aviar
agente causal
La enfermedad es causada por un grupo de picornavirus "enterovirus". Por lo
general afecta a las aves entre la primera y tercera semana de edad y los
adultos durante el perodo de puesta.
Sntoma
Los sntomas ocurren con mayor frecuencia en animales jvenes, para expresar
una incoordinacin vacilante, e incluso parcial o
Completa parlisis a pie. A medida que aumenta la falta de coordinacin
muscular, las aves tienden a sentarse en el tarso (taln), peor hasta que ya no
pueden caminar. Al manejar estas aves, usted puede sentir los rpidos
temblores del cuerpo.
Transmisin
La encefalomielitis se transmite principalmente a travs de huevos de aves
infectadas; Aunque no se descarta la posibilidad de propagacin directa oa
travs de heces.
Tratamiento y control
No se recomienda tratamiento curativo y se recomienda el sacrificio de
animales jvenes afectados. Los jugadores vacunados despus de 10 semanas
de edad inmunidad transmitida a la descendencia a travs del huevo.
Gumboro o Bursitis
agente causal
Esta enfermedad es causada por un birnavirus, que es altamente resistente a
condiciones ambientales desfavorables, por lo que su erradicacin de granjas
infectadas difcil.
Sntoma
A menudo, el primer sntoma de la enfermedad Gumboro o Bursitis es un ruido
respiratorio. Otros sntomas que se pueden ver son la decadencia, plumas
rizadas, temblores, diarrea acuosa y postracin. Los brotes ocurren con mayor
frecuencia cuando las aves tienen entre 3 y 8 semanas de edad. La mortalidad
por lo general no supera el 10% y en una segunda infeccin del mismo lote, la
mortalidad es an ms baja. Bursal (ubicada en la cloaca), estar hinchada y
su tamao puede ser dos o ms veces su tamao normal. En animales sanos,
la bolsa es ms pequea que la vescula biliar. En casos crnicos, la bolsa ser
ms pequea (atrofias), por lo que la respuesta a la vacunacin es menor,
aumentando la susceptibilidad a otras infecciones.
Transmisin
La enfermedad es altamente contagiosa y se propaga por contacto directo con
las aves, sus excrementos; Oa travs de los operadores de ropa y equipo.
Tratamiento
Todava no se conoce el tratamiento adecuado. Prevencin de la cra y las aves
jvenes por la vacunacin es el mejor control de la enfermedad. La forma ms
eficaz de controlar la enfermedad Gumboro mtodo es inducir alta inmunidad a
las madres, que se transmite a sus hijos a travs del huevo.
Influenza aviar
agente causal