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MOHD AL FASHZREEN BIN ABD KARIM

2014208568
DISCUSSION
After conducting the experiment, we will know the relationship and the characteristic of the
pressure-mass flow rate for convergent-divergent duct. Based on the experiment, we can produce
five type of graph which related to the data that have been collected. For the graph of mass flow rate
() versus P atmos P outlet,we can conclude that the value of mass flow rate are increasing linearly to the value
of the pressure.
Furthermore, from this experiment we also can detect or indicated the choking point from the graph of mass flow
rate against the pressure (Patmos-Poutlet). This choke conditions refer to compressible flow effect. The
parameter that becomes "choked" or "limited" is the velocity.
Choked flow is a velocity to increase as it flows through the smaller cross-sectional area of the
restriction. At the same time, the Venturi effect causes the static pressure, and therefore the
density, to decrease downstream past the restriction. Choked flow is a limiting condition which
occurs when the mass flow rate will not increase with a further decrease in the downstream
pressure environment while upstream pressure is fixed.
For homogeneous fluids, the physical point at which the choking occurs for temperature
(assuming high temperature, flash-boiling flow). The choked flow of gases is useful in many
engineering applications because the mass flow rate is independent of the downstream pressure,
depending only on the temperature and pressure on the upstream side of the restriction. Under
choked conditions, valves and calibrated orifice plates can be used to produce a desired mass
flow rate.
Other than that, there are a few error that might occur during this experiment which is There
possibly may have been errors that went unnoticed in the lab with pressure gauges which could
account for a small level of error. Next the lab demonstrator noted us to the fact that there was
possible leaks in the back of the rig which can cause deviations in the actual results obtained for
which we could not correct. It has to be mentioned that there could have been possible meniscus
errors made by students when reading the inverted manometer (although these are unnecessary
mistakes they still need to be mentioned).

CONCLUSION
In a nutshell, we can conclude that the objectives of the experiment which to study the pressuremass flow rate characteristic for convergent-divergent duct and to demonstrate the phenomena of
choking has been done.
Furthermore, the lowest pressure can be obtained at the throat with high velocity in the
converging nozzle. Thus, by lowering the back pressure further has no influence on the flow in
the converging part of the nozzle or the mass flow rate through the nozzle. However, it does
influence the character of the flow in the diverging section.

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