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Lecture 12 - Page 4 of 9
3) Bearing Failure:This type of failure occurs when one of the
plates is too thin
or notstrong enough for the applied loads. The design bearing strength at
bolt holes is dictated in AISC p. 16.1-111 and AISC Table 7-5 p. 7-28and AISC Table 7-6 p. 730. Possible remedies increasing the platethickness, use a higher grade of steel or using larger
diameter bolts.
Bearing failure
Thin plate

Lecture 12 - Page 5 of 9
4) Net Section Failure: A net section failure occurs when there are
too many bolt holes
perpendicular to the line of action resulting in too little material tocarry the load. Think
of Swiss cheese. The
minimum spacing ofbolts
is dictated in AISC J3.2 p. 16.1-106 as not less than 2

timesthe nominal bolt diameter, preferably 3 times the bolt diameter.Usually 3 is used as the
nominal bolt spacing for bolts < 1 indiameter.
Net section failure

Lecture 12 - Page 6 of 9
Types of Bolted Connections
1) Bearing-Type Connections: A bearing-type connection is the most common type of
boltedconnection. It is used in most simple-shear connections and insituations when loosening
or fatigue due to vibration or loadfluctuations are
NOT
design considerations. In these connections,bolts are tightened to the snug-tight condition, as
defined as thetightness attained by a few impacts of an impact wrench or the fulleffort of an iron
worker using an ordinary spud wrench. The designstrength of bearing-type
fasteners is per AISC Eq. J3-1 p. 16.1-108.2) Slip-Critical Connections: A slip-critical
connection is one in which loosening due to vibration or load reversals are to be

considered. Also, holes that are oversize or slotted shall be designed as slip-critical
connections. Bolts that areused in slip-critical connections must be pre-tensioned per AISC Table
J3.1 p. 16.1-103. In addition, the design strength of the connectionmust be checked in
accordance with AISC J3.8, J3.9 and J3.10 p.16.1-109 thru 111. As an alternative, AISC Table 73 and 7-4 p. 7-24thru 27 can be used.
See AISC Table J3.3 p. 16.1-105 for hole dimensions

Lecture 12 - Page 7 of 9
Design Strength of Bearing-Type Fasteners
From AISC J3.6 p. 16.1-108, the design
tension
or
shear
strength of ahigh-strength bolt or threaded part is:Design strength of bolt =

R
n
LRFD
Allowable strength of bolt =

n
R
ASD
where: R
n
=F
n
A
b

= 0.75
LRFD

= 2.00
ASD
F
n
= nominal
tensile
or

shear
stress of fastener, KSI= from Table J3.2 p. 16.1-104 A
b
=
x-sect. nominal area of unthreaded body of bolt, in
2
Shear Plane:The shear plane is the plane in which the various connected partsare in
contact.LoadThreads
N
ot excludedfrom shear plane NThreads e
X
cluded fromshear plane X
Single-shear
Load
Double-shear

Lecture 12 - Page 8 of 9
Example 1 (LRFD)
GIVEN: A diameter ASTM A325-N bolt in single-shear is subjected to afactored load of 14
KIPS.REQUIRED: Determine the design shear strength of the bolt considering boltshear ONLY,
and comment if the bolt is acceptable.Step 1 Determine design shear strength of bolt:Design
shear strength =

R
n
where:

= 0.75R
n
= nominal shear strength of fastener = F
n
A
b
F
n
= from Table J3.2 p. 16.1-104= 48 KSI (threads
N
ot excluded) A
b
= nominal area of unthreaded body of bolt, in
2
=

2
4
D

=
2
)"75.0(4

= 0.44 in
2
Design shear strength = (0.75)(48 KSI)(0.44 in
2
)
Design shear strength = 15.8 KIPS > 14 KIPS

Acceptable
P
u
= 14 KIPS dia. A325-N bolt

Structural Analysis and Design Lectures

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