Professional Documents
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COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
2.
Radio Engineering:
M.L.Gupta, Dhanpat Rai Publishing Co (P) Ltd.
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COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
2.
3. Satellite Communications:
K.N. Raja Rao., PHI.
4. Satellite Communication:
Manoj Mitra, Khanna Publishers.
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COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Radio Engineering:
Mithal, Khanna Publishers.
6.
Digital Communications:
V. K. Khanna., S. Chand Publishers.
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COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
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COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
010 Satellite
705 (Syllabus)
2 hours lecture and 1 hour Tutorial per week (Credits
Communication:
Module 4 (Detailed) (2hrs. Theory & 1 hrs. Tutorial); Mark Weightage: 20%
Satellite
frequency
band-
orbits
&
inclination-
and
Perigee
calculation-Satellite
Telemetry
&
command,
Power
System,
TDMA-SPADE-Earth
Station
6
Block
Satellite Communication
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Ref:R10,
Ch14/Pg565
Satellite Communication
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Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Satellite Communication
(Applications)
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
o Communication
Satellite Communication
(Advantages)
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
10
Ref:R10,
Satellite Communication Ch13/Pg565
(Disadvantages)
o Dificult to repair after launching the
satellite.
o Equipments are subjected to
o extreme environmental stress.
o High free space loss
o the high launching cost can afect
o the total cost for communication.
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11
Satellite Communication
(Frequency Bands)
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Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
12
Satellite Communication
(Frequency Bands)
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
C band:
(uplink 5.925-6.425 GHz; downlink 3.7-4.2 GHz)
13
Satellite Communication
(Frequency Bands)
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
X band:
(uplink 7.9- 8.4 GHz, downlink 7.25 7.75 GHz)
14
Satellite Communication
(Frequency Bands)
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Ku band:
(uplink 14 GHz; downlink 10.9-12.75 GHz)
o used for consumer direct-to-home access,
o distance learning applications,
o retail and enterprise connectivity.
o antenna sizes, ranging from 0.9m -1.2m (~3ft),
o higher gain can be achieved with small antenna sizes
o than C-band.
o more susceptible to rain fade, especially in tropical
areas.
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15
Satellite Communication
(Frequency Bands)
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Ka band:
(uplink 26.5-40GHz; downlink 18-20 GHZ)
16
Ref:R10,
Satellite Communication Ch13/Pg565
(Orbit & Inclination)
o A satellite continues to be in obit
due to
o two opposing forces.
i. centrifugal force,
ii. centripetal force
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17
Satellite Communication
(Orbit & Inclination)
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Where:
o m: mass of the satellite
ov: the velocity of the satellite.in orbit
or: radius of the circle in which satellite
moves
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oM: mass of the earth (constant).
18
Satellite Communication
(Orbit & Inclination)
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Where:
o G: the gravitational constant
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19
Satellite Communication
(Orbit & Inclination)
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
We get:
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20
Satellite Communication
(Orbit & Inclination)
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
i.e.,
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21
Satellite Communication
(Orbit & Inclination: Geo
Synchronous)
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
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22
Satellite Communication
(Orbit & Inclination: Geo
Stationary)
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Same
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: Prograde
23
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24
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25
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Satellite Communication
(Uplink Transponder - Downlink)
Transponder
in
pl
in
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l
wn
Do
(Respond to
Transmission)
26
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Satellite Communication
(Uplink)
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27
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Satellite Communication
(Transponder)
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28
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Satellite Communication
(Downlink)
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29
Ref:R10,
Satellite CommunicationCh13/Pg565
(Orbit & Inclination: Azimuth & Elevation
Angles)
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30
Satellite Communication
(Orbit & Inclination: Azimuth
Angle)
o Angle made Eastward
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
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31
Satellite Communication
(Orbit & Inclination: Elevation
Angle)
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
32
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Satellite Communication
(Orbit & Inclination: Look Angle)
Elevation angles.
33
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Ch13/Pg565
Satellite Communication
(Orbit & Inclination: Slant Angle)
o Line of Sight Distance
o to the Satellite.
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34
Satellite Communication
(Orbit & Inclination: Angle of
Inclination)
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Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
35
Satellite Communication
(Orbit & Inclination: Satellite
Orbits)
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Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
36
Perigee
o The point in an orbit around the planet
Earth
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37
Inclination
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38
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39
Where:
o ra Radius of
Apogee
o rp Radius of
rx Radius & hx
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Height
Perigee &
40
o re Radius of Earth
Ref:R10,
Satellite CommunicationCh13/Pg565
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41
Ref:R10,
Satellite CommunicationCh13/Pg565
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42
Ref:R10,
Satellite CommunicationCh13/Pg565
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43
Ref:R10,
Satellite CommunicationCh13/Pg565
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44
Ref:R10,
Satellite CommunicationCh13/Pg565
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45
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Satellite Communication
(Orbit & Inclination: Orbital Velocity
of a Geo Synchronous Satellite)
o
Radius of Geosynchronous orbit,
or = 42,164km
o = 11,033 km/hr
6840
46
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47
station,
onor send signal.
oBattery backup required for , at-least,
oTelemetry,
oTracking &
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48
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Satellite Communication
(Satellite Sub - system)
oAltitude & orbit control
oTracking,
oTelemetry & command
oPower System
oTransponder- functionsoup link/down link converters.
oHPA-Antenna subsystem
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49
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Satellite Communication
(Satellite Sub - system)
oA satellite usually has five major
subsystems:
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50
Satellite Communication
Ref:R10,
(Satellite Sub system: Ch13/Pg565
Attitude and orbit control system
(AOCS))
Spin stabilization in the geostationary
orbit
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51
Satellite Communication
Ref:R10,
(Satellite Sub system: Ch13/Pg565
Attitude and orbit control system
(AOCS))
Spin stabilization in the geostationary
orbit
o the entire body of the
spacecraft rotates
o at 30-100 rpm to provide
o a powerful gyroscopic action,
o which maintains, the spin axis
o in the same direction.
o Spin stabilization is used for,
o cylindrical shaped satellites.
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52
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53
54
Satellite Communication
Ref:R10,
(Satellite Sub system: Ch13/Pg565
Attitude and orbit control system
(AOCS))
Three axis stabilization in Geostationary
Orbit
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55
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56
Satellite Communication
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
57
Satellite Communication
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
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Satellite Communication
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
59
Satellite Communication
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
60
Satellite Communication
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
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61
Satellite Communication
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
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62
Ref:R10,
Satellite CommunicationCh13/Pg565
(Satellite Sub system:
Telemetry Tracking & Command (TT&C):
Telemetry System
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63
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64
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Ref:R10,
Satellite CommunicationCh13/Pg565
(Satellite Sub (TT&C): Tracking System
66
Ref:R10,
Satellite CommunicationCh13/Pg565
(Satellite Sub (TT&C): Tracking System
round-trip delay.
67
68
to error.
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69
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Satellite Communication
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70
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Satellite Communication
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71
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Satellite Communication
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72
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Satellite Communication
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
Satellite Communication
o
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Watts.
74
Satellite Communication
(Multiple Access)
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
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75
Satellite Communication
(Multiple Access)
Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
oFDMA:
oif different transmissions are differentiated
ofor the frequency band.
oTDMA:
oif transmissions are distinguished on the
basis of time
oCDMA:
oif a different code is adopted to
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76
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77
oFDMA:
ocan be used with both analog and
digital signal.
orequires high-performing filters in the
radio hardware.
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78
Ref:R10,
Satellite CommunicationCh13/Pg565
Satellite Communication
(Multiple Access: FDMA)
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Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
80
Ref:R10,
Satellite CommunicationCh13/Pg565
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81
Ref:R10,
Satellite CommunicationCh13/Pg565
82
Satellite Communication
(Multiple Access: TDMA)
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Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
83
Satellite Communication
(Multiple Access: CDMA)
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Ref:R10,
Ch13/Pg565
84