Introduction

Pulverised Fuel Ash Concrete

Pulverised fuel ash (PFA), is a waste product of pulverised
fuel (typically coal) fired power stations.
The fuel is pulverised into a fine powder, mixed with heated air and burned.
Approximately 18% of the fuel forms fine glass spheres, the lighter of which
(c. 75%) are borne aloft by the combustion process. They are extracted
from the flue gasses by cyclones and electrostatic precipitation.
Fly ash or pulverished fuel ash (pfa) is a finely divided powder thrown out as
a waste material at the thermal power plants using pulverized coal for
raising steam in the boilers. In the building industry, the use of fly ash a part
replacement of cement in mortar and concrete at the construction site has
been made all over the world including India and is well known. The
important building materials which can be produced from fly ash are:

Portland fly ash cement

Ready-mixed fly ash concrete

Precast fly ash concrete building units

Sintered fly ash lightweight aggregate for concrete

Lime fly ash cellular concrete

Fly ash building bricks

Fly ash stabilized high-magnesia cement

Oil-well cementing composition

Hydraulic binders and

Bitumious product

Ordinary Portland Cement

Concrete
There are many types of concrete available, created by varying the
proportions of the main ingredients below. In this way or by substitution for
the cementitious and aggregate phases, the finished product can be tailored
to its application with varying strength, density, or chemical and thermal
resistance properties.
Aggregate consists of large chunks of material in a concrete mix, generally a
coarse gravel or crushed rocks such as limestone, or granite, along with finer
materials such as sand.
Cement, most commonly Portland cement, is associated with the general
term "concrete." A range of materials can be used as the cement in
concrete. One of the most familiar of these alternative cements is asphalt
concrete. Other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, are
sometimes added as mineral admixtures- either pre-blended with the
cement or directly as a concrete component - and become a part of the
binder for the aggregate.
To produce concrete from most cements (excluding asphalt), water is mixed
with the dry powder and aggregate, which produces a semi-liquid that
workers can shape, typically by pouring it into a form. The concrete solidifies
and hardens through a chemical process called hydration. The water reacts
with the cement, which bonds the other components together, creating a
robust stone-like material.

Chemical admixtures are added to achieve varied properties. These

ingredients may accelerate or slow down the rate at which the concrete
hardens, and impart many other useful properties including increased tensile
strength, entrainment of air, and/or water resistance.

Objective
1. The main objective of the this study is to present laboratory
investigations relating to concrete produced from two different types of
cement materials namely PFA and OPC

2. To Find that which has the greater compressive strength among OPC
concrete and PFA concrete.

3. To find that which is economic among both type of concrete used in

the project.

Methodology
Steps involved in testing of compressive strength
of both type of concrete :
1. Preparation: Check all the things you need are ready.
2. Taking measurement: Take the measurement of concrete specimens.
3. Start machine: Turn on the machine. Place one concrete specimen in
the centre of loading area.
4. Applying load: Now the piston is on top of specimen. It is the time to
apply load. Pull the lever into holding position.
5. Increasing pressure: By turning pressure increasing valve counterclockwise, adjust the pressure on piston so that it matches concrete
compression strength value. Apply the load gradually without shock.
6. Test is complete: Observe the concrete specimen. When it begins to
break stop applying load. Record the ultimate load on paper displaying
on machine's display screen.

Tools to be used
We need following things for testing concrete compressive strength * Ruler
* Paper
* Pen/Pencil
* Calculator
* Measuring tape
* Safety goggles
* Gloves
* Testing machine, and of course,
* Concrete specimens (Cylinder/Cube)

Content.
1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. Methodology
4. Tools to be used

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