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Information: Electrical Design Information for

Distribution Networks: After Diversity Maximum


Demand
Standard Number: HPC-3DC-07-0001-2012

Document Control
Author

Name:

Anthony Seneviratne

Digitally signed by Anthony


Seneviratne
Date: 2013.07.12 11:30:55
+08'00'

Position: Senior Standards Engineer


Document Owner
(May also be the Process Owner)
Approved By *

Name:

2013.07.12
11:52:41 +08'00'

Justin Murphy

Position: Manager Asset & Works


Name:

Justin Murphy

2013.07.12
11:53:08 +08'00'

Position: Manager Asset & Works


Date Created/Last Updated

April 2013

Review Frequency **

3 yearly

Next Review Date **

April 2016

* Shall be the Process Owner and is the person assigned authority and responsibility for managing the whole
process, end-to-end, which may extend across more than one division and/or functions, in order to deliver agreed
business results.
** Frequency period is dependent upon circumstances maximum is 5 years from last issue, review, or revision
whichever is the latest. If left blank, the default shall be 1 year unless otherwise specified.

Revision Control
Revision

Date

Description

15/04/2013

Initial Document Creation

STAKEHOLDERS
The following positions shall be consulted if an update or review is required:
Manager Engineering Services
Manager Engineering Systems Planning
Manager Assets and Works

DM# 3666669

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1

PURPOSE .................................................................................................... 4

APPLICATION ............................................................................................. 4

GENERAL .................................................................................................... 4

3.1

Definitions and Abbreviations ................................................................................. 4

3.2

Related Information ................................................................................................ 5

AFTER DIVERSITY MAXIMUM DEMAND (ADMD) ..................................... 5

4.1

What is ADMD ........................................................................................................ 5

4.2

Regional values of ADMD ....................................................................................... 5

4.3

Standard Supply to Customer Installations ............................................................. 7

4.4

Diversity Factors ..................................................................................................... 7

4.5

Application of ADMD values ................................................................................... 8

4.5.1

Distribution Substation Network Planning .............................................................................. 8

4.5.2

LV Design Computer Program ................................................................................................ 8

APPENDIX A REVISION INFORMATION .......................................................................... 9


APPENDIX B STANDARD CUSTOMER SUPPLIES........................................................ 10
APPENDIX C UNDERSTANDING ADMD VALUES ......................................................... 12
APPENDIX C.1

Examples using the Equation in section 4.5.1 ......................................... 12

APPENDIX C.2

LV Distribution feeder network planning .................................................. 13

DM# 3666669

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PURPOSE
This Standard outlines the after diversity maximum demand (ADMD) electrical
loading values to be used when carrying out overhead and underground
distribution network design for various customer classes within Horizon Powers
area.
The ADMD values have taken into account seasonal climatic, locational and
community factors to ensure that adequate capacity is installed for the normal life
of Horizon Powers electrical network assets while ensuring statutory
requirements and customer expectations are met in a cost effective manner.

APPLICATION
Whenever design work is carried out to construct new network assets, decisions
are required as to the electrical loads that shall be used in order to satisfy both
customer and/or network requirements in the most cost effective manner.
The values of after diversity maximum demand to be used at a customer level
have been based on assessments of load growth patterns experienced in
Horizon Powers regional areas, together Western Australian statutory
requirements.

GENERAL

3.1

Definitions and Abbreviations

DM# 3666669

ADMD

means after diversity maximum demand, and is


expressed as the simultaneous maximum electrical
demand of a group of customers divided by the number
of customers, expressed in kilovolt amperes

Coincidence
Factor

the ratio of the simultaneous maximum electrical demand


of a group of customers within a specified period to the
sum of their individual maximum demands within the
same period, expressed as a numerical value or
percentage

Diversity Factor
(DF)

The ratio of the sum of the non-simultaneous maximum


demands of a number of customers divided by the
simultaneous maximum demand of the network/system
suppling the customers, expressed as a numerical value
of percentage.

Maximum
Demand

The average value of the greatest apparent power (kVA)


over a five minute period.

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3.2

Related Information
Requirements and Information relating to this document may be found within the
source documents detailed below:
1)

Western Australian Electrical Requirements (WAER)

2)

Horizon Powers Western Australian Distribution Connections Manual


(WADCM)

3)

Horizon Powers Maximum Transformer Sizes for non-interconnected


Systems

4)

Australian Standard AS 3000-2007 Wiring Rules

AFTER DIVERSITY MAXIMUM DEMAND (ADMD)

4.1

What is ADMD
ADMD is the basic electrical load, on a per customer basis, used for the design
of Horizon Powers electrical network. It represents the maximum demand,
calculated for a distribution substation, where there are more than 60 customers
in total connected to that substation. Where there are less than 60 customers,
diversity is used to estimate maximum demand.
ADMD is normally expressed as kVA per customer, although Amperes per
customer can also be used where appropriate.
ADMD represents the electrical load:
1)

At a distribution substation where there are 60 customers or more


connected to the substation.
Where there are less than 60 customers per substation, a diversity factor
can be applied that modify the ADMD to determine design values of
substation maximum loads and subsequent decisions on substation sizes
and locations.

2)

4.2

On a low voltage distribution feeder, when modified by a diversity factor,


that is used to calculate the feeder voltage drop to ensure all customers
receive electricity supply within the Standard Supply voltage limits of 240 V
ac 6%.

Regional values of ADMD


Values of ADMD to be used within Horizon Powers Regional urban areas are
shown in Table 1.
The design ADMD values are based on measured ADMD values with an
allowance made for potential growth over the life of the cable asset.
This allowance reflects the range of climatic zones, socio-economic and
expansion potential factors applicable in each town, and can be influenced by
but not limited to:
1. Propensity for growth in residential housing where the energy
consumption will be heavily subsidised due to resource sector growth;
2. Increasing affordability to use air conditioning and other electrical
appliances with corresponding uptake of these facilities; and

DM# 3666669

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3. Change in the socio-economic demographics in regional areas.


The allowance adopted to be added to the measured ADMD to obtain the design
ADMD is based on a combination of design experience, cost impact analysis and
the need for a standardised approach. (Refer to DM# 3389478, 2093275 and
2172159)
The design ADMD values shall be used in all new designs.
Table 1: - List of ADMDs for towns
Towns

Residential ADMD

Towns

(kVA)

Residential ADMD
(kVA)

East Kimberley
Halls Creek

Lake Argyle

Kalumburu

Warmun

Kununurra

Wyndham

Ardyaloon

Derby

Beagle Bay

Djarindjin/Lombadina

Bidyadanga

Fitzroy Crossing

Broome

Yungngora

Camballin/Looma

West Kimberley

East Pilbara
Marble Bar

Port Hedland (Note 1)

10

Nullagine

South Hedland (Note 1)

10

10

Onslow

10

- Duplex

7.5

Point Samson

10

- Triplex

5.5

Roebourne

- Quadrex

3.5

West Pilbara
Karratha Single lot

Gascoyne/Midwest
Carnarvon

Meekatharra

Coral bay

Menzies

Cue

Mt Magnet

DM# 3666669

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Denham

Towns

Residential ADMD

Sandstone
Towns

(kVA)

4
Residential ADMD
(kVA)

Exmouth

Wiluna

Gascoyne Junction

Yalgoo

Laverton

Leonora

Norseman

Esperance
Esperance

Hopetoun

Note 1: Where multiple occupancy lots are developed in towns with ADMD of
10 kVA, the corresponding ADMD values shown for Karratha shall apply.

4.3

Standard Supply to Customer Installations


The Western Australian Distribution Connections Manual (WADCM) provides
details of the Standard Supply that is normally provided for single dwelling,
residential customers, as shown below. For some locations within Horizon
Power, due to limits in either local generation capacity or generator step load
response, customer Standard Supply load values lower than those specified in
the WADCM may be applicable.

4.4

Diversity Factors
Diversity factors have been determined throughout Horizon Powers Regions and
are typically as shown below. When the LV Design software is used for network
design, the following appropriate diversity factors have already been
incorporated into the calculations.

DM# 3666669

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Table 2: - Diversity Factors


No of customers

Diversity factor

No of customers

Diversity factor

3.0

10

1.64

2.57

11

1.61

2.2

12 -14

1.57

2.0

15-17

1.50

1.89

18-20

1.46

1.8

21-23

1.42

1.74

24-26

1.4

1.71

27-29

1.38

1.69

30-59

1.37

60

1.0

4.5

Application of ADMD values

4.5.1

Distribution Substation Network Planning


The ADMD allows the electrical network to be planned and constructed to meet
current customer loads as well as making reasonable provision for future
customer load growth by determining the design maximum demand to be used,
in accordance with the equation below.
Where:
MD is the Maximum Demand in kVA or Amps
N is the Number of Customers connected
DF is the Diversity Factor (see Table 2)
ADMD is the After Diversity Maximum Demand in kVA or Amps

4.5.2

LV Design Computer Program


The values calculated for ADMD above shall be used as input data to the
program.

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APPENDIX A REVISION INFORMATION


(Informative) Horizon Power has endeavoured to provide standards of the highest quality
and would appreciate notification if any errors are found or even queries raised.
Each Standard makes use of its own comment sheet which is maintained throughout the life
of the standard, which lists all comments made by stakeholders regarding the standard.
A comment sheet found in DM: 3537105, can be used to record any errors or queries found
in or pertaining to this standard, which can then be addressed whenever the standard gets
reviewed.

Date
15/04/2013

DM# 3666669

Rev No.
1

Notes
First Issue

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APPENDIX B STANDARD CUSTOMER SUPPLIES


Horizon Power Regional Non-Interconnected Towns
Maximum
Single phase
supply

Maximum
Three phase
supply (per phase)

Maximum
Motor size
(3 phase DOL)

Ardyaloon

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Beagle Bay

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Bidyadanga

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Broome

63 A

32 A

Camballin/Looma

32 A

15 A

Point Samson

63 A

32 A

Carnarvon

63 A

32 A

Coral Bay

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Cue

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Dampier

63 A

32 A

Denham

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Derby

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Esperance Town

63 A

32 A

Location

Esperance Rural

3 kW

Refer to the Esperance District Office

Exmouth

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Fitzroy Crossing

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Gascoyne Junction

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Halls Creek

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Hopetoun

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Hopetoun Rural

Refer to the Esperance District Office

Kalumbaru

32 A

15 A

Karratha

63 A

32 A

Kununurra

63 A

32 A

DM# 3666669

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Maximum
Single phase
supply

Maximum
Three phase
supply (per phase)

Maximum
Motor size
(3 phase DOL)

Lake Argyle

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Laverton

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Leonora

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Lombadina/Djarindjin

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Marble Bar

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Meekatharra

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Menzies

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Mount Magnet

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Norseman

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Nullagine

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Onslow

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Port and South Hedland

63 A

32 A

Roebourne

63 A

32 A

Sandstone

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Warmun

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Wiluna

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Wyndham

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Yalgoo

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Yungngora

32 A

15 A

3 kW

Location

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APPENDIX C UNDERSTANDING ADMD VALUES


APPENDIX C.1
a)

Examples using the Equation in section 4.5.1

Evaluate the size of the distribution substation to be installed.


Example 1: A subdivision consists of 60 residential lots in Karratha
(ADMD=10 kVA).
Option 1: Install one substation
Total load (kVA) = 60 (cust.) x 1 (DF) x 10 kVA (Karratha ADMD)
= 600 kVA [Note DF = 1, as N = 60)
Recommendation: Install 1 x 630 kVA substation, subject to:
LV Design program validating an effective LV distribution network can be
installed. Substation should be sited centrally so that all LV feeders are of
the same circuit length.
Option 2: Install two substations (e.g. where one substation cannot satisfy site
physical constraints).
Total load (kVA) per substation 1= 20 x 1.46 x 10 kVA = 292 kVA [DF = 1.46 for
N = 20)
Total load (kVA) per substation 2= 40 x 1.0 x 10 kVA = 400 kVA [DF = 1.0 for N
= 40)
Recommendation: May need to install 1 x 315 kVA substation and 1 x 630 kVA
substation at a different location, subject to LV Design program validating an
effective LV distribution network.
Example 2: A subdivision consists of 18 residential lots in Denham
(ADMD=8 kVA). The subdivision is constrained and future adjacent development
will not occur.
For installation of one substation (based on alternative LV interconnections with
existing substations being available).
Total substation load (kVA) = 18 x 1.46 x 8 kVA = 210 kVA [DF = 1.46, for N
=18)
Recommendation: Install 1 x 315 kVA substation, subject to:
LV Design program validating an effective LV distribution network.
Substation should be sited centrally so that all LV feeders are of the same
circuit length
Transformer size not exceeding maximum size specified in HP document
Maximum transformer sizes for non-interconnected systems DM#
3463822.

b)

Evaluate the maximum number of customers per distribution substation.


Example 3: 630 kVA MPS installation as part of a residential subdivision
consisting of 250 lots in Broome (ADMD=6 kVA).
From MD = N x DF x ADMD

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Number (N) = MD/(ADMD X DF) = 630/(6 X 1) = 105 customers (DF = 1, as N >


60)
Example 4: 315 kVA substation as part of an expanding residential subdivision in
Derby.
From MD = N X DF X ADMD
Trial a value of N (based on 30 cust.)
N = MD/(ADMD X DF) = 315/(8 X 1.37) = 28 customers (based on DF = 1.37 for
N =30)
Retrial with N = 28 customers)
N = MD/(ADMD X DF) = 315/(8 X 1.38) = 28 customers (based on DF = 1.38 for
N =28)

APPENDIX C.2

LV Distribution feeder network planning

Again the ADMD allows the LV distribution network to be planned and constructed to
meet current customer loads as well as making reasonable provision for future
customer load growth by determining the design maximum demand to be used, in
accordance with Equation 1 above.
Example 5: A 630 kVA substation in an Esperance residential subdivision will have 4
LV circuits installed. Two circuits will have 18 customers each, one will have 15
customers, one will have 12 customers.
What is the maximum current rating for each feeder circuit at the substation?
Feeder circuits 1 & 2: 18 customers each
Maximum load per circuit

= 18 (cust) x 8 kVA (ADMD) x 1.46(DF)


= 210 kVA = 292 Amps [= 16.2 A/customer]

Feeder circuits 3: 15 customers


Maximum load per circuit

= 15 (cust) x 8 kVA (ADMD) x 1.5 (DF)


= 180 kVA = 250 Amps [= 16.7 A/customer)

Feeder circuits 4: 12 customers


Maximum load per circuit

= 12 (cust) x 8 kVA (ADMD) x 1.57 (DF)


= 151 kVA = 210 Amps [= 17.5 A/customer)

The effect of diversity factor on individual LV distribution circuits is demonstrated by a


comparison of the average load/customer in the above three cases, where average
load per customer (i.e. Amps/customer), measured at the distribution substation LV
switchboard, increases as the number of customers on the circuit decreases.

DM# 3666669

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