Sparql Ld4pe 6

106
USING OPERATORS
(FILTER and related operators MINUS, OPTIONAL, UNION)
107
FILTER Tutorial (1)

rdfs:label puts @en, @de, @ko marks at the ends of labels in order to
correctly represent their language.

Results may be filtered to include only those in the requested language.
FILTER (lang(?artistName) = en)
FILTER (lang(?albumName) = en)
?artistName is English
?albumName is English
AND facilitates the use of multiple FILTER clauses.

Further filtering is made available through str and datatype.
FILTER (datatype(?dt) = xsd:date)

?dt values filtered in date

?albumName is in English
108
FILTER Tutorial (2)

FILTER(!bound(?something))
filters results if they have values in the ?something variable
NOT EXISTS { ?s predicates ?something }
filters results if the ?something variables have values
109
FILTER Tutorial (3)

Using regular expressions can lead to results which include
stipulated characters.
syntax
FILTER regex(?variable, str, i)

variables, string order
i allows for both uppercase and lowercase
i is optional.
Possible to set pattern style:

email pattern ([a-z]+@)([a-z]+)(\\.[a-z]+)
110
FILTER Example (1)

RDF Data:
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
_:a foaf:givenName "Alice".
_:b foaf:givenName "Bob" .
_:b dc:date "2005-04-04T04:04:04Z"^^xsd:dateTime .
111
FILTER Example (1)

Find the names of people who have no dc:date values.
112
Answer to Filter Example (1)

Query:
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT ?givenName
WHERE { ?x foaf:givenName ?givenName .
OPTIONAL { ?x dc:date ?date } .
FILTER ( !bound(?date) ) }
OPTIONAL will be explained shortly.
113

Result:
givenName
Alice
reference: http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/
114
FILTER Example (2)

RDF Data:
@prefix ab: <http://ld4pe.org/ns/addressbook#> .
@prefix d: <http://ld4pe.org/ns/data#> .
d:i0432 ab:firstName "Richard" ;
ab:lastName "Mutt" ;
ab:instrument "sax" ;
ab:instrument "clarinet" .
d:i9771 ab:firstName "Cindy" ;
ab:lastName "Marshall" ;
ab:instrument "drums" .
d:i8301 ab:firstName "Craig" ;
ab:lastName "Ellis" ;
ab:instrument "trumpet" .
115
FILTER Example (2)

Find the names (first name, last name) of people who play the trumpetor
saxophone and specify which instrument they play.
116

Query:
PREFIX ab: <http://ld4pe.org/ns/addressbook#> .
SELECT ?first ?last ?instrument
WHERE
{ ?person ab:firstName ?first ;
ab:lastName ?last ;
ab:instrument ?instrument .
FILTER (?instrument IN("trumpet", "sax")).
}
Result:
?first
?last
?instrument
"Craig"
"Ellis"
" trumpet"
"Richard"
"Mutt"
sax
117
FILTER Example (3)

RDF Data:
d:i0432 ab:firstName "Richard";
ab:homeTel "(229) 276-5135";
ab:nick "Dick" ;
ab:email "richard49@hotmail.com" .
ab:homeTel "(245) 646-5488" ;
ab:email "cindym@gmail.com" .
ab:workTel "(245) 315-5486" ;
ab:email "craigellis@yahoo.com" ;
ab:email "c.ellis@usairwaysgroup.com" .
118
FILTER Example (3)

Find the names (first name, last name) of people who have no
work telephone number.
119

Query:
SELECT ?first ?last ?workNum
WHERE
{
?s ab:firstName ?first ;
ab:lastName ?last .
FILTER NOT EXISTS{ ?s ab:workTel ?workNum . }
}
Result:
?first
?last
"Cindy"
"Marshall"
"Richard"
"Mutt"
?workNum
120
FILTER OPERATOR
QUIZZES
DBpedia SPARQL Endpoint
121
Quiz (1)
1.1 Using DBpedia SPARQL Endpoint, find albums produced by
Timbaland and indicate them in many languages (rdfs:labels

could be helpful here).
1.2 Restrict results to English albums only.
122
Answer (1)
SELECT ?albumName
WHERE {
?album dbo:producer <http://DBpedia.org/resource/Timbaland> .
?album rdfs:label ?albumName .
}
SELECT ?albumName
WHERE {
?album dbo:producer <http://DBpedia.org/resource/Timbaland> .
?album rdfs:label ?albumName .
}
123
Quiz (2)
Using DBpedia SPARQL Endpoint, find albums produced by
Timbaland and restrict results to make sure that the datatype

of release date is xsd:date.
124
Answer (2)
SELECT ?album ?rdate
WHERE {
?album dbo:producer <http://DBpedia.org/resource/Timbaland>;
dbp:released ?rdate.
filter (datatype(?rdate)= xsd:date).
}
125
Quiz (3)
Find American universities in which the number of students >
20,000 (xsd:integer).
126
Answer (3)
select ?univ
where{
?univ a dbo:University.
?univ dbo:country dbr:United_States.
?univ dbo:numberOfStudents ?number.
filter (?number >= "20000"^^xsd:integer)
}
127
Quiz (4)
Find California-based companies which deal in software or
hardware.
128
Answer (4)
select distinct ?firm
where{
?firm a dbo:Company.
?firm dbo:industry ?industry.
filter (?industry IN (dbr:Software, dbr:Computer_hardware))
?firm dbo:locationCity ?location.
filter (?location = dbr:California)
}
129
Quiz (5)
5.1 Find public companies in which the number of employees >
300,000 (xsd:integer).
5.2 Show the number of employees for each company.
130
Answer (5)
SELECT distinct ?s ?Employees
WHERE
{
?s dbo:type dbr:Public_company.
?s dbo:numberOfEmployees ?Employees.
FILTER(?Employees>"300000"^^xsd:integer).
}
131
Quiz (6)
6.1 Using DBpedia SPARQL Endpoint, find albums produced by
Timbaland which also have the term Who in their title.

6.2 The datatype of the release dates should be xsd:date.
Restrict these results to albums released in the 1990s.
132
Answer (6)
SELECT ?album ?rdate
WHERE {
?album dbo:producer <http://DBpedia.org/resource/Timbaland>;
dbp:released ?rdate.
filter regex(?album, "Who")
filter (datatype(?rdate)= xsd:date)
filter (?rdate >="1990-01-01"^^xsd:date
&& ?rdate <= "1999-12-31" ^^xsd:date).
}
133
Quiz (7)
Find movie directors (yago:FilmDirector110088200) who have
no start date for their active years (dbo:activeYearsStartYear).
134
Answer (7)
SELECT ?movieDirector ?date
WHERE
{
?movieDirector rdf:type yago:FilmDirector110088200.
OPTIONAL {?movieDirector dbo:activeYearsStartYear ?date.}
FILTER (!bound(?date))
}
135
Quiz (8)
Find California-based companies with no thumbnail
(dbo:thumbnail).
136
Answer (8)
select ?c
where {
?c a dbo:Company.
?c dbo:locationCity dbr:California.
optional {?c dbo:thumbnail ?thumbnail}.
filter (!bound(?thumbnail))
}
137
Quiz (9)
Find American universities with no information on the state
(dbo:state) or city (dbo:city) in which they are based.
138
Answer (9)
select ?univ ?state ?city
where{
Optional {?univ dbo:state ?state}
Optional {?univ dbo:city ?city}
filter (!bound(?state))
filter (!bound(?city))
}
139
Quiz (10)
10.1 Find basketball players (dbo:BasketballPlayer) who were in
the NBA before retiring

(dbc:National_Basketball_Association_players_with_retired_nu
mbers).
10.2 Identify the year in which these players retired.
140
Answer (10)
select ?univ ?state ?city
where{
Optional {?univ dbo:state ?state}
Optional {?univ dbo:city ?city}
filter (!bound(?state))
filter (!bound(?city))
}
141
Quiz (11)
Using NOT EXISTS, find American professional wrestlers
(yago:WikicatAmericanProfessionalWrestlers) who do not have

a starting date for active years.
142
Answer (11)
SELECT ?ProfWr
WHERE
{
?ProfWr rdf:type
yago:WikicatAmericanProfessionalWrestlers.
FILTER NOT EXISTS{?ProfWr dbo:debut ?Ddate.}
}
143
Quiz (12)
Using NOT EXISTS, find California-based companies that do
not have a thumbnail.
144
Answer (12)
select ?c
where {
?c a dbo:Company.
?c dbo:locationCity dbr:California.
filter not exists {?c dbo:thumbnail ?thumbnail.}
}
145
Quiz (13)
Using NOT EXISTS, find American universities with no
information on the state or city in which they are based.
146
Answer (13)
select ?univ
where{
filter not exists {?univ dbo:state ?state}
filter not exists {?univ dbo:city ?city}
}
147
Quiz (14)
Find Michael Jackson albums produced by Quincy Jones
(dbr:Quincy_Jones).
148
Answer (14)
SELECT ?albumname
WHERE
{
?albumname dbo:artist dbr:Michael_Jackson;
rdf:type dbo:Album;
dbp:producer ?producer.
FILTER (?producer = dbr:Quincy_Jones).
}
149
Quiz (15)
Find universities with the term California in their name.
150
Answer (15)
select ?univ
where{
filter regex(?univ, California")
}
151
Quiz (16)
Without differentiating between upper and lowercase letters,
find James Brown albums with the term funky in the title.
152
Answer (16)
SELECT ?funkyAlbum
WHERE
{
?funkyAlbum dbo:artist dbr:James_Brown;
rdf:type dbo:Album.
FILTER regex(?funkyAlbum,"funky","i")
}
153
Quiz (17)
Find songs with lyrics written by Freddie Mercury
(dbr:Freddie_Mercury) which have the term love in their

title.
154
Answer (17)
SELECT ?QLsong
WHERE
{
?QLsong dbo:writer <http://DBpedia.org/
resource/Freddie_Mercury>.
FILTER regex(?QLsong,"love","i")
}
155
Quiz (18)
Find universities which use veritas or truth as their
motto.
156
Answer (18)
select ?s ?motto
where
{
?s rdf:type dbo:University;
dbo:motto ?motto.
FILTER(?motto IN("Veritas","Truth")).
}
157
Quiz (19)
Find actors (umbel-rc:Actor) who have married Brad Pitt.
158
Answer (19)
select ?s
where
{
?s rdf:type umbel-rc:Actor;
dbp:spouse ?spouse.
FILTER regex(?spouse, "Brad_Pitt").
}
159
MINUS Example (1)

RDF Data:
ab:homeTel "(229) 276-5135";
ab:nick "Dick" ;
ab:homeTel "(245) 646-5488" ;
ab:workTel "(245) 315-5486" ;
160
MINUS Example (1)

Find the names (first name, last name) of people who have no
work telephone number.
161
MINUS Example (1)

Query:
SELECT ?first ?last ?workNum
WHERE
{
ab:lastName ?last .
MINUS { ?s ab:workTel ?workNum . }
}
Result:
?first
?last
"Cindy"
"Marshall"
"Richard"
"Mutt"
?workNum
162
Quiz (1)
Find South Korean soccer players who have never been on the
national team (dbp:nationalteam).
163
Answer (1)
SELECT ?Kplayer
WHERE
{
?Kplayer rdf:type dbo:SoccerPlayer;
dbo:birthPlace dbr:South_Korea.
MINUS{?Kplayer dbp:nationalteam ?national.}
}
164
Quiz (2)
Find South Korean baseball players without a specified position.
165
Answer (2)
SELECT ?name
WHERE
{
?name a dbo:BaseballPlayer;
dbp:birthPlace dbr:South_Korea.
MINUS {?name dbp:position ?p}
}
166
OPTIONAL Example (1)

RDF Data:
ab:homeTel "(229) 276-5135";
ab:nick "Dick" ;
ab:homeTel "(245) 646-5488" ;
ab:workTel "(245) 315-5486" ;
167

Find peoples first name, last name, and work telephone.
168
Answer to Optional Example (1)

Query 1:
SELECT ?first ?last ?workTel
WHERE
{
ab:lastName ?last ;
ab:workTel ?workTel .
}
Result:
?first
?last
?worktel
"Craig"
"Ellis"
"(245) 315-5486"
169

Find peoples first name, last name, and work telephone. (Should
they have no work telephone, leave this result empty.)
170

Query II:
SELECT ?first ?last ?workTel
WHERE
{
ab:lastName ?last ;
OPTIONAL
{?s ab:workTel ?workTel . }
}
Result:
?first
?last
?worktel
"Craig"
"Ellis"
"(245) 315-5486"
"Cindy"
"Marshall"
"Richard"
"Mutt"
171

Find peoples first name, last name, work telephone, and
nickname. Work telephone and nickname results are optional,
but they must exist simultaneously. Should they have no work
telephone and nickname, leave these results empty.
172

Query:
SELECT ?first ?last ?worktel ?nick
WHERE
{
ab:lastName ?last .
OPTIONAL
{
?s ab:workTel ?workTel ;
ab:nick ?nick .
}
}
Result:
?first
?last
"Craig"
"Ellis"
"Cindy"
"Marshall"
"Richard"
"Mutt"
?worktel
?nick
173

Find peoples first name, last name, work telephone, and
nickname. Work telephone and nickname results are optional and
do not have to exist simultaneously.
174

Query:
SELECT ?first ?last ?worktel ?nick
WHERE
{
ab:lastName ?last .
OPTIONAL
{?s ab:workTel ?workTel . }
OPTIONAL
?first
{?s ab:nick ?nick .}
}
"Craig"
Result:
?last
?worktel
"Ellis"
"(245)
315-5486"
"Cindy"
"Marshall"
"Richard"
"Mutt"
?nick
Dick
175
Quiz (1)
Find all Steven Spielberg films and specify their budgets where
such information is available.
176
Answer (1)
SELECT ?movie ?budget
WHERE
{
?movie dbo:director <http://DBpedia.org/resource/Steven_Spielberg>.
OPTIONAL {?movie dbo:budget ?budget}
}
177
Quiz (2)
2.1 Find soccer players born in South Korea or in your home
country using http://DBpedia.org/sparql
2.2 Find additional information about their height (dbo:height).
Should there be no height information available, leave this result
blank.
178
Answer (2)
select distinct ?s ?height
where {
?s a dbo:SoccerPlayer ;
dbp:birthPlace dbr:South_Korea .
OPTIONAL
{?s dbo:height ?height}
} order by ASC(?s)
179
UNION Example (1)

RDF Data:
d:i0432 ab:firstName "Richard" ;
ab:instrument "clarinet" .
ab:instrument "drums" .
ab:instrument "trumpet" .
180
UNION Example (1)

Find the first and last names of people who can play the
saxophone or trumpet.
181
Answer to Union Example (1)

Query Answer 1:
WHERE
{
ab:lastName ?last ;
ab:instrument "trumpet" ;
}
UNION
ab:lastName ?last ;
}
}
Result:
?first
?last
?instrument
"Craig"
"Ellis"
" trumpet"
"Richard"
"Mutt"
sax
"Richard"
"Mutt"
clarinet
182
Answer to Union Example (1)

Query Answer 2: Eliminating Redundancy
WHERE
{
?person ab:firstName ?first ;
ab:lastName ?last ;
Result:
{ ?person ab:instrument "sax" . }

UNION
{ ?person ab:instrument "trumpet" . }
}
?first
?last
?instrument
"Craig"
"Ellis"
" trumpet"
"Richard"
"Mutt"
sax
"Richard"
"Mutt"
clarinet
183
Quiz (1)
1.1 Find soccer players who were born in Seoul (dbr:Seoul)
using DBpedia.org/sparql and display the results alongside the
citys population.
1.2 Sort results in ascending order.
184
Answer (1)
select distinct ?s ?birthplace ?population
where {
{
dbp:birthPlace dbr:Seoul ;
dbp:birthPlace ?birthplace.
}
UNION
{
dbr:Seoul dbo:populationTotal ?population.
}
} order by ASC(?s)
185
Quiz (2)
2.1 Find soccer players who were born in Seoul (dbr:Seoul)
using DBpedia.org/sparql.
2.2 Show soccer players who were born in Incheon
(dbr:Incheon) using the UNION keyword.
2.3 Sorts results in descending order.
186
Answer (2)
select distinct ?s ?birthplace
where {
{
dbp:birthPlace dbr:Seoul ;
}
UNION
{
dbp:birthPlace dbr:Incheon ;
}
} order by DESC(?s)
187
Quiz (3)
Find all American rappers and indicate those from New York
and California.
188
Answer (3)
SELECT ?MC ?bornIn
WHERE
{
?MC a yago:Rapper110507482;
a yago:WikicatAmericanPeople.
?MC dbo:birthPlace ?bornIn.
{?MC dbo:birthPlace dbr:New_York.}
UNION
{?MC dbo:birthPlace dbr:California.}
}
189
Quiz (4)
Find American and British universities and display their name
and country.
190
Answer (4)
select ?USuniv ?UKuniv
where{
{?USuniv a dbo:University.
?USuniv dbo:country dbr:United_States.
?USuniv dbo:country ?country.}
union
{?UKuniv a dbo:University.
?UKuniv dbo:country dbr:England.
?UKuniv dbo:country ?country.}
}
191
Quiz (5)
Find writers who graduated from Harvard or Yale Law School
and show these results in ascending order.
192
Answer (5)
select ?s ?university
where
{
{?s dbo:almaMater dbr:Harvard_University;
dbo:almaMater ?university;
a dbo:Writer.}
UNION
{?s dbo:almaMater dbr:Yale_Law_School;
dbo:almaMater ?university;
a dbo:Writer.}
} order by ASC(?s)

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106

FILTER Tutorial (1)

correctly represent their language.

AND facilitates the use of multiple FILTER clauses.

FILTER (datatype(?dt) = xsd:date)

?dt values filtered in date

FILTER Tutorial (2)

FILTER Tutorial (3)

FILTER regex(?variable, str, i)

Possible to set pattern style:

FILTER Example (1)

FILTER Example (1)

Answer to Filter Example (1)

OPTIONAL will be explained shortly.

Answer to Filter Example (1)

FILTER Example (2)

FILTER Example (2)

Answer to Filter Example (2)

FILTER Example (3)

FILTER Example (3)

Answer to Filter Example (3)

Timbaland and indicate them in many languages (rdfs:labels

Timbaland and restrict results to make sure that the datatype

Timbaland which also have the term Who in their title.

no start date for their active years (dbo:activeYearsStartYear).

(dbo:state) or city (dbo:city) in which they are based.

the NBA before retiring

(yago:WikicatAmericanProfessionalWrestlers) who do not have

not have a thumbnail.

information on the state or city in which they are based.

(dbr:Freddie_Mercury) which have the term love in their

MINUS Example (1)

MINUS Example (1)

MINUS Example (1)

national team (dbp:nationalteam).

OPTIONAL Example (1)

OPTIONAL Example (1)

Answer to Optional Example (1)

OPTIONAL Example (2)

Answer to Optional Example (2)

OPTIONAL Example (3)

Answer to Optional Example (3)

OPTIONAL Example (4)

Answer to Optional Example (4)

such information is available.

UNION Example (1)

UNION Example (1)

Answer to Union Example (1)

Answer to Union Example (1)

{ ?person ab:instrument "sax" . }

and show these results in ascending order.

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