ATHLETIC FIELDS

SHOPPING CENTERS

NIGHT OPERATIONS

PROTECTIVE

ARCHITECTURAI.

RECREATION

FOUNTAINS

INDUSTRIAT PARKING

INTRODUCTION
Today, floodlighting is an indispensable
part of America at work and at play. General Electric floodlighting equipment performs a great variety of lighting jobs
ranging in scope from providing light for
a major league ball park to lighting a

simple neighborhood playground. It

makes possible round-the-clock industrial

and construction operation for outdoor

areas, as well as indoors.
Building Exleriors

Commerce depends upon floodlighting

for illumination of parking lots, advertising signs, and buildings. Progressive communities are known by their lighted civic
buildings, monuments, parks and recrea-

tion centers.
Floodlighting has even come to the
home, enhancing patio and garden, and
making possible evening use of the

pit and the badminton court

truly "Lighting for Outdoor Living."
It is the purpose of this manual to
furnish basic application information
which will enable the reader to plan the
most effective installation of General
Electric floodlighting. Certain complex
floodlighting applications naturally lie
outside the scope of this manual-for
example, major league baseball park
lighting. However, the General Electric
barbecue

Company has prepared layouts for many

of these applications, based on Illuminating Engineering Society and NEMA standards. These are available from your nearest General Electric Company Apparatus
Sales Offrce, or by writing directly to: Outdoor Lighting Department, General Electric Company, Hendersonville, N. C.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

Recreqlion Areos

Introduction

Four Essential F eatures of an Efficient, Economical Floodlighting Installation

4
Glossary of Floodlighting Terms
5
What is a Floodlight': . . . .
6
Classification of Floodlights.
6
Table I, Floodlight Classification and Application Guide
4
Application.
Floodlighting
Principles
of
General
7
How to Make Floodlighting Calculations. .
7
Steps in Making Floodlighting Calculations. . .
8
Explanation of Steps in Floodlighting Calculations.
10
Note 1, Utilization Factor
for
Applications
Other
Levels
Table IIA, Recommended Footcandle
10
Than Building Exteriors....
Table IIB, Recommended Footcandle Levels for Building Exteriors. . 11
11
Table III, Average Beam Lumens of Various Floodlights.
11
Sample Problems and Solutions.
t4
Typical Floodlighting Installation Designs.
14
Photometric Data
16
Ft.
Fluoroflood
of
8
Utilization Curve
16
Floodlight Product Information
.

Rocelrocks

NOTE:
Throughout this bulletin there are references to specific tubes ol General ElecStodiuns

tric floodlights. For a list oI Publications

describing eachof thesefloodlights in detail, see page 16.

Four Essenfiol Feqtures of cln Efficienf'

Economicol Floodlighting lnstollotion

Floodlights are used in applications

ranging in size from those employing two
or three units to those employing several
hundred units. Despite the many floodlight designs, uses, and methods of installation, there are only a few basic fundamentals to follow in order to obtain the
maximum benefit frorn the installation at
a minimum of cost.
In substance, an efficient, economical
floodlighting plan should incorporate the
following points:

I.

ADEQUATE IIGHT tEVEt

Employ c level of illuminotion
odequole for lhe specific iob. Depending on the visual task, different
applications require different lighting
levels.

For example, in a parking lot

where only identification of obstructions

and surrounding objects is required, less

light is needed than in operating a piece

of equipment where attention to detail is
important.
Tables IIA and IIB, on pages 10 and
11, provide a guide to the recommended
levels for each application. These tables
incorporate the suggestions of the Illuminating Engineering Society.

Choose f loodlight locqlions f or

unif orm illuminotion.
Where beams are projected at an angle,
floodlights should be located so that two

bolonced,

or more cover the same area. The more

floodlights concentrated in one area, the
greater will be the overlap of beams;
shadows will be avoided and greater uniformity will result. In such a situation the
seriousness of lamp outage will also be
decreased. Regardless of the level of
illumination, wide variations in the
amount oflight falling on any area should

2.

GOOD INSTAUATION
PRACTICE

Avoid obiectionoble glore. If

usually be minimized by strategic location

of

floodlights

at the highest practical

mounting height.

Moke floodlight instollotions inconspicuous ond difficr.lh for unquthorized persons lo reoch. These
precautions will minimize vandalism and
prevent detraction from the appearance
of the floodlighted object or area.
Use odequote mounling methods.
Metal, rather than wooden, poles are
usually recommended because they are
stronger, more durable, and look better.
With metal poles it is possible to mount
and aim floodlights before the pole is
erected, providing a saving in installation

cost. This

is not too practical

eff iciently.

Select the beam spread and lamp size

that give the most satisfactory coverage
(as described in the two preceding paragraphs) with the smallest number of

floodlights. For greatest efficiency, use

the wider floodlight beams and higher
wattage lamps.

Aim toword the point of emphosis.

The center of the floodlight beam (that

is, the area of maximum candlepower)

should be aimed toward those points that

are hardest to reach or that should stand

with

wooden poles because they sometimes

warp and bend during and after installa-

tion, sometimes necessitating re-aiming.

Mounting should permit practical relamping and maintenance. Hinged poles
or adequate pole steps can be employed.

3.

EFFICIENT INSTATI.ATION
AND OPERATION

Co-ordinole sockel volloge wilh

lamp

life, light output, and operating effrciency

can be obtained only if socket voltage
exactly matches lamp voltage rating.
Undervoltage operation of the lamp increases its 1ife, but at the expense of a
disproportionate leduction in light output
and efhciency. Conversely, operation
above the lamp's rated voltage increases
light output, but decreases lamp life.
There is little excuse for undervoltage
operation, but overvoltaging does have a
place in the floodlighting picture. Lamps

are frequently operated

at

in

such places as baseball

or

football

fields, where they are energized less than

300 hours per year. A 35To increase in
light output can be obtained for only 10le
voltage increase, thus utilizing the installation more effrciently.

Provide odequole wiring.

pos-

sible, don't aim floodlights toward normal lines of vision. Glare interferes with
visibility and may make the installation
too uncomfortable for full utilization.
Possible discomfort caused by glare can

lomp volloge roling. Rated

be avoided.

Cover the surfqce

out. This should not, of course, be done

at the expense of the rest of the area or
to the discomfort of the viewer.

more than
rated voltage, when they are in operation

Power

loss and low socket voltage result from

inadequate wiring.

This

causes

less

efficient operation and increases the cost

per unit of light output. For example, a
one percent drop in voltage results in a
three percent loss in light output and a
five percent decrease in efficiency.

Use floodlights with low moinlenonce costs. Low maintenance is most

easily obtained by using weatherproof,

corrosion-resisting, enclosed floodlights.
An enclosed floodlight reduces the accumulation of dust and dirt on lamp and
reflector surfaces. A dirty reflector will
waste much of the light you pay for.
An enclosing lens also protects the
lamp and reflector from damage by the
elements or vandalism. Sturdy, corrosionresistant construction also reduces maintenance and repairs.

4.

IONG IIFE AND EASE OF

SERVICING

Use the mosl duroble floodlight

opplicoble to the instqllotion. The
floodlight should be able to withstand
ordinary weather and handling conditions. IJnusual conditions, such as

exces-

sive moisture, vibration, flying debris,

etc., call for specially designed floodlights.
Features 'rihich will facilitate servicing
and maintenance are:
a. A hinged door glass or rear relamping feature which provides easy access to

lamp and reflector. This must

operate

easily and

positive

still provide a safe,

fastening device.

b. A positioning lock which can easily

be loosened and retightened to enable
the service man to turn the floodlight to
a convenient servicing position. It should
be constructed so that no tools are

required.

c. A repositioning stop that enables

the floodlight to be returned to its
original setting after servicing.

d. Corrosion-resistant materials

throughout. This includes nuts, bolts and

rivets.

GLOSSARY OF
FTOODLIGHTING TERMS
This glossary explains the floodlighting application terms most frequently
encountered. An understanding of these terms will be very helpful, as many
of them are used in this manual.
TUMEN

Unit of luminous flux; the amount of

light reaching an area of one square foot,

on which every point is one foot distant

from a uniform point source of one candle.

CANDLEPOWER

Luminous intensity expressed in candles.

Porking Lots

FOOTCANDTE
A unit of illumination; the illumination
on a surface of one square foot on which
there is a uniformly distributed flux of

one lumen. Also equal to the illumination

at a point on a surface one foot distant

from a uniform point source of one candlepower.

BEAM I.UMENS
The lumens in the part of the floodlight

average maximum

candlepower.

ITTUMINATION
The density of luminous flux on a surface, expressed in footcandles, and equal
to the flux divided by the area, where the
area is uniformly illuminated. Also, equai
to the product of candlepower times

cosine 0 divided by the square of the

distance between light source and point
on a surface being illuminated. 0: angle
of incidence as measured between normal
to surface being illuminated and the

BEAM SPREAD

a candlepower distribution curve which

are 10fi of average maximum.

The angle in degrees between points on

FACTOR

direction of incident light.

"F''

A constant which, when multiplied by

the distance from the projector to the
surface to be lighted, gives the mean
TIGHT SOURCE
A principal part of a floodlight, usually
a tungsten filament lamp, but in some

diameter of the beam pattern. F

(f),

*n.r.

installations

BS

:2

Tan

beam spread in degrees.

mercury vapor or fluores-

cent lamp.

REFLECTOR
A device used to redirect the light from

a lamp

DOOR GrASS (IENS)

Protects the lamp and reflector from
the elements. Both plain and refractive

door glasses are used, together with reflectors of special configurations, to pro-

MOUNTING HEIGHT
The vertical distance between the

face being illuminated and center of the

sur-

MAINTENANCE FACTOR
A factor used in calculating average

iliumination to compensate for the

Outdoor Storoge Areos

10fi or more of the

beam in which the candlepower values are

UTIIIZATION

FACTOR

Ratio of actual lumens falling on

de-

area

by reflection in a desired direction

or directions.

vide a wide variety of beam shapes.

light source. (Lamp,)

crease in beam lumen output that occurs

with iamp aging and accumulation of dirt

on lamp and door glass.

to be illuminated to the total beam

lumens.

WHAT IS

FTOODTIGHT?

PRESSURE

(cANDTEPOWER)

A floodlight can be likened to a gardenhose nozzle. Lumens "squirt" out of it in

a beam spread determined by the nozzle
design and adjustment. The candlepower
is analogous to the water pressure in that

it is the force that gives motion to the

lumens. Neither all the lumens nor all the
water reach the area at which the floodlight or nozzle is directed. In the figure,
utilization factor of the water is

deter-

mined by dividing the quantity of water

entering the barrel by the total gallons in

the main portion of the stream for any

given length of time. Likewise, the

utilization factor of a floodlight installation is:

LUMENS
UF: USEFUL
BEAM LUMENS
After the nozzle becomes old and corroded, the friction loss increases and not
as great a quantity of water can pass
through, for a given pressure, because of
these losses. In floodlighting, the factor
used to compensate for losses due to
reduced lamp output and dirt collection

GAttONS
(tuMENS)

BEAM
SPREAD

oo

o
o

,/

is known as maintenance factor:

o
\ 9o

BEAM
SPREAD

MF:

AVERAGE OUTPUT BETWEEN SERVICINGS

INITIAL OUTPUT WHEN

NEW

The density of water collected over the

DROPTETS

(sPrrr

t_IGHT)

oo
o

oo
o

area of the barrel

ooo

DROPTETS

o
o

(sPrlr

UGHT)

oo
o

bottom can be measured

in gallons per square foot. In like manner,
light can be measured in lumens per
square foot is equivalent to one footcandle.

Following are the technical definitions

of some of the foregoing terms:

oo
o

ANAIOGY
NOZZTE

WATER DENSITY

(tUMEN DENSTTY
oR trtuMtNATtON)

FIOODLIGHT

Nozzle

Floodlight

Gcllons/Min

Lumens

Pressure

Condlepower

Beom Spreod

Beom Spreod

Droplels

Spill tishr

Utilized Woter

Urilized Light

Woter Density

Lumen Density

(illuminotion)

CTASSIFICATION OF FTOODTIGHTS
A general-purpose floodlight is also
enclosed and weatherproof, but the reflector does not have a protective housing.

A floodlight is chosen depending upon

its ultimate application. The Illuminating
Engineering Society divides floodlighting
into three major classifications: heavyduty, general-purpose, and oPen.

This class of floodlight is usually used for

lighting buildings, signs, and in general
area lighting applications.
The open type is a weatherproof floodlight without the cover glass and in which
the housing forms the reflecting surface.
The choice of which class of floodlight
to use is customarily made before any
calculations are started. Open floodlights
have a lower initial cost and a greater
number ol beam lumens. However, there
is less control of the beam, and as a result

The heavy-duty type is an enclosed,

weatherproof floodlight with a heavy

outer housing (separate from the reflector) to protect the reflector from
damage. It is frequently employed where
unusual atmospheric conditions such as
excessive moisture, dirt, dust, corrosive
elements, unusual vibration, or flying
particles occur, such as in construction
work, mining, and drilling.

''
'

.t''.,
..
l
!r .t
..
a. 'laeEl
i i :.-_ .*
.i

i\.de'
\
",
ss
-&l
. \d.

there is a greater loss of beam lumens

outside the area to be lighted.
Both the heavy-duty and general-purpose floodlights offer superior optical performance over the open type, in that they
have a higher percentage of maintained
beam lumens and the ability to project
the beam further. Since heavy-duty and
general-purpose floodlights provide comparable optical performance, the choice
between them depends upon whether the

application warrants a floodlight with

protective housing.

Table I lists the recommended floodlight for various applications.

,--TB
J*

* *r

tr

#J

Fluorescenl Floodlight

Open Floodlighl

Generol-purpose Floodlighl

Heovy.duly Floodlighl

Floodlight Clossificqtion qnd Applicqfion Guide

NOTE: Although many floodlights may be used for any given application, one or two will be more wideiy used because_of_economy and
ef6.ciency. In th"e table-below, t"he floodiights indicated iry "a" aie most frequently used; those lettered "B" are also used, but less often-

TABIE
HEAVY DUTY

1.E.5. Clqss

GENERAT PURPOSE

t-85A

t-38

G.E Type Floodlight

!-83A t

GENERAT PURPOSE

L-loo*
ond

L-IOO*

L-55

[-55*

APPTICATION
Building exteriors.
Bulletin ond sign boords. . . . .
Consfru ction
..
Building (verticol).....
Other (horizontql). . . . . . .
Portoble
Dredging.
Drilling . .
Excqvolion.
Gos stolions
Looding ond receiving plql
Lumber yords
Ouldoor substqlions
Porking oreos
Piers ond docks. .
Protective
Quorries

B
B

Sports ond recreotion.

Storoge yords. .

Woter ionks

* Available open or enclosed.

6

Shipyo rds
Smoke slocks

Roil roq d

Possenger plolforms. . . . .

Yqrd. .

Airport opron.

A
B

r
I

Generol Principles of Floodlighfing Applicqfion

In most floodlighting

applications,

there are certain basic dimensions which

help guide the designer in his choice of
equipment. For example, in a typical
area floodlighting application the designer

usually has

little trouble in

1-

N..

locating

mounting positions for his floodlights. He

may employ available space on nearby
buildings, or may mount them along high
banks or fences, or on poles or towers near
the area. These mounting positions establish the distance (D) from the floodlight
to the illuminated surface (Figs. I and 2).
The problem then becomes one of selecting the floodlights with the proper optical

performance

to provide the

desired

lighting.
As a general rule, the most economical
floodlighting system is one which utilizes
the fewest floodlights containing the
largest lamps. It is easier to install, control, and maintain, and uses less power

for the same illumination level than one

employing more and smaller floodlights.

\\

It
I

ELLIPTICAL

SPOT

Fig. l.

"D" is olwoys the ihorlesl distqnce

belween lhe floodlight ond lhe plcne of the
surfoce

lo be lighled.

However, uniformity of illumination and

appearance may require the selection of

the latter. It is frequently necessary to

draw a careful balance between the two
extremes.

In

general, the larger lamps are more

Fig. 2. The higher o floodlight ic mounted

lhe lorger lhe oreo lighted. Spot length ond
spot width vory os lhe dirlonce "D,"
efficient, but the 1500-watt floodlight sets
a practical upper limit to size. It should
be remembered, too, that large floodlights
are harder to conceal. This is important
where daytime appearance may be an
important architectural consideration.

How to Moke Floodlighfing Colculqfions

Floodlighting design is as much an art
as a science. The art requires you to use

simple arithmetic. Approximate calculating methods are almost always used,

your imagination in designing a pleasing

and eye-catching installation. The science

since resulting inaccuracies usually have

no more effect on the finished job than
do unpredictable variations in installation, aiming, luminaires, lamps, voltage
at the lamps, and atmospheric transmis-

involves tempering imagination with

arithmetic so as to favor the owner's
pocketbook.

You can get along very well with

Steps
STEP

sion. Accuracy gained

by

employing

is usually not
the additional time

more rigorous solution

enough to warrant
required.

Any floodlighting problem is likely to

have several reasonably satisfactory

answers. With a little judgment, the
following simplified approach will help
narrow the possible choices to a minimum.

in Mnking o Floodlighting Cqlculotion

I:

Determine the required average maintained illumination level in footcandles (see Tables

IIA & IIB,

pages 10

& 1l).

STEP 2:
Determine the required number of initial lumens that must fall on the area to produce the footcandles of Step

Initial lumens:

1.

Maintained footcandle level X lighted area (sq. ft.)

Maintenance factor (.65 for open or .75 for enclosed floodlights)

STEP 3:
Determine the number of floodlights required to provide the total initial lumens.

Number of floodlights:

Beam lumens per floodlight (from Table

III,

page 1l)

STEP 4:
Determine the number of floodlights necessary for uniformity of illumination.

STEP 5:
Check calculations.
Average maintained illumination in footcandle.

No' of floodlights

beam lumens per-floodlight X maintenance factol

Area lighted (sq.

ft.)

Explonotion of Steps in
Floodlighring Colculotions
STEP

I.

Different levels of illumination are re-

quired

for different applications. The

more complicated the visual task, the

higher the required lighting level. For
example, a filling station operator requires

STEP

more light for his task than does a parking

tising value of a brightly lighted

trates this, showing a recommended level

of 30 footcandles for pump island areas,
but only 5 footcandles for parking areas,
The levels recommended for filling station
areas also take into account the adver-

should be considered good current practice.

lot operator. Table IIA, page 10, illus-

area.

The footcandle values shown in Tables

IIA and IIB, pages 10 and 11, are for
the most part, recommendations of the
Illuminating Engineering Society, and

2.

lnitiql lumens:

Moinloined foolcondle level X lighted oreo (sq. ft.)

Moinlenqnce fqclor (.65 for open or .75lor enclosed floodlighls)

The answer to this formula represents

the total amount of light which must

reach the lighted area in order to provide
the specified lighting level after the installation has been in operation for a period
of time. (The maintained footcandle level
is selected from recommendations given
in Tables IA and IB, pages 10 and 11.
After a floodlight has been in service

there is a definite loss of light because of

the accumulation of dust and dirt on the
reflector, lamp, and door glass (if any),
and the decreased lumen output of the
lamp caused by blackening with age. In
order to compensate for this, it is necessary to provide more lumens (therefore
higher footcandles) initially.
According to I.E,S., the average en-

floodlight has a maintenance factor

.75, while an open floodlight has a
maintenance factor of .65. This means
that, all other things being equal, you
must install more open-type floodlights
and use more power to produce the same
maintained level than if enclosed floodlights are used.
closed

of

Number of

floodlights:

lnitiol lumens (from Step 2)

lll, poge ll)

The number of floodlights ob- ploying

Beom lumens per floodlight (ftom Toble

As a general rule (leaving out the ques-

tion of uniformity for the moment) the

larger the lamp size or lumen output per
floodlight, the more economical the

multiply the beam lumens given in Table

III by the fraction made up of the watt-

since uniformity, spacing, etc., may not

age of the lamp desired over the wattage

have been satisfactorily taken into ac-

In talking of lumen output per floodlight, it should be understood that most

page 11, gives the

average beam lumens for each floodlight.

of the useful lumens are concentrated in

the beam. Therefore, for calculation purposes, beam lumens rather than lamp
lumens are used.
Beam lumen output varies with the

Actual beam lumens for each combination

of types of door glass and reflector for a
specific floodlight are given in the photometric data for each floodlight in the
product section of this manual. In the

type of lamp, reflector, and door

glass.

For purposes of the formula, the average

beam lumen output for each floodlight
may be used.

STEP

lamp sizes other than those listed,

tqined by this formulo is somelimes

considered only on opproximolion

installation.

count. Table

III,

final calculation, these more

precise

values should be used.

In order to determine the opproximole
average beam lumens for floodlights em-

of the lamp shown on the table. For

example, the L-82A is shown with beam
lumens averaging 3961 when the 500watt general service lamp is used. A 300watt lamp can also be used. To determine
the approximate average of the beam
lumens with the 300-watt lamp, multiply
3961 by 300/500 for an answer of 2377.
If, after Step 3, there is any uncertainty
as to the quality of the installation from

the standpoint of uniformity of illumina-

tion, proceed to Step

4.

4.

Different mounting arrangements and

spacing are employed

for

floodlighting

I.

vertical and horizontal surfaces. Accordingly, two separate procedures for assur-

TO FLOODTIGHT VERTICAT

ing reasonable uniformity are suggested.

SURFACES

EUILDING FRONT

--o
-t\.

--t\-

.'{r

-Y..

.'.,,
F

Fig, 3. Method of beom overlop in lighling

q verlicol surfoce.

To f loodlight verlicol

Fig. 4. Relolionships when floodlights ore

Fig. 5, Relotionships

proiected horizonlolly.

proiecled upwcrdr.

tion horizontally (scalloped effects, dark

areas between floodlights) is seldom ac-

surfdces

is, floodlights are mounted at ground level

such as buildings, signboards, monuments, etc. Vertical surfaces are most

or on a building cornice ledge. They are

aimed to project upward against the ver-

frequently illuminated from below; that

tical surface. Non-uniformity of illumina-

3.

STEP

ot

when floodlights ore

ceptable. There is usually unlimited space

parallel to the vertical surface along which

to mount the floodlights. If this is not the

case, the procedure described for lighting
horizontal surfaces should be followed.
The following rules will be helpful in

determining correct floodlighting locations to obtain good uniformity:

RULE A. Floodlight beoms should

be overlopped in such o woy thot

ony given oreo receives qs much
lighr from floodlights on either
side os it does from the floodlight
directly in front of it.

To accomplish this, linear spacing of

floodlights should not exceed \ the
horizontal diameter of the beam at its

widest point on the vertical surface being

lighted. This approximate spacing may be
determined as follows:

II.

such as parking lots, storage areas, etc.

Surfaces of this type are always lighted
are

mounted atop poles, projecting downward

toward the area. Non-uniformity is

ll factcir "f" times

D, from the floodlight to

should not exceed

distance,

ac-

ceptable only at very low levels where

visual tasks are not important. Suitable
mounting locations are usually limited in
number.

The following rules will be useful in

providing visual comfort and reasonable
uniformity.
RULE A. Poles should be not forlher apqrl lhon f our limes the

floodlighling mounting height. Example: for 25 feet of height, maximum

spacing is 100 feet.
Selection of mounting height calls for
a little judgment. Elimination of glare is
extremely important in sports applications, so that floodlights must be as high
as possible. Sports lighting towers usually

have pole steps so that the floodlights

are fairly easily available for relamping.

Relamping facilities are limited in

many other applications, so that mount-

the
the

surface to be lighted. The values for factor "f" are different for each floodlight,
and will be found in the photometric data
given separately for each floodlight in the
product section of this manual.
2. Where the beam is projected upward
(see Fig. 5) the same relationship is used,
except that D is considered line CE, the
distance between the floodlight and the
surface to be lighted (measured along the
centerline of the floodlight beam).
To obtain the true length of this line,
draw the proposed layout to scale, including the beam angle of the floodlight, and

TO FTOODTIGHT HORIZONTAI.

To floodlighl horizonlol surfqces

from above; that is, floodlights

1. Where the beam is to be projected

horizontally (see Fig.4), the spacing

bisect the beam angle. Then either measure with a ruler the length of the line CE
or compute it by the formula,

Cn: /1ing CF, + line EFl

B. Use the floodlight with
the widest ongle consislent wilh
reosonoble utilizqtion eff iciency.
RULE

(See

Note 1, page

10.)

RUtE C. Use lhe lorgest lomp consislenl wilh proper uniformily. Nor-

mally, use General Lighting

Service

Lamps rather than Floodlighting lamps,

in order to take advantage of the longer
life of the former. Photometric performance of floodlights using either lamp is
listed in Table III and also in the product
section of this manual.

SURFACES

ing height should seldom exceed from 20

to 30 feet. In either case, the limitation
of four times mounting height imposed on
spacing, provided floodlights are properly
aimed, would provide proper comfort.

RUtE B.

At .leqst lwo floodlights

should conlribule lo ony given oreo.

In sports lighting applications, or the
lighting of other areas to reasonably high
levels, this will not be a problem. Several
floodlights per pole will usually be found

necessary. They will be aimed so that

many floodlights will contribute to a

given area. However, for low-level light-

ing (below five footcandles), this rule

must be carefully adhered to for anything
approaching uniform floodlighting. Lamp
outages would otherwise cause trouble
also.

If there is any question that floodlights

will not provide this required overlapping
of beams, a drawing to scale of the proposed installation, similar to those used
in floodlighting vertical surfaces, provides
a convenient means of checking.

RUIE C. Use floodlight with widesl qngles consislenl wilh reqson-

\,--

\l

.^

l+_

4X

l
I

Fig. 6, Poles should nol be forther oport

lhon f our limes the f loodlighting mounting
height.

qble utilizqlion efficiency. (See Note

I, page 10.)
RUIE D. Use lorgest lomp, 6onsislenl wilh proper uniformity.
Usually, after the problem of uniformity has been considered, it will be
found that the number of floodlights
necessary will be larger than the number
obtained in Step 3, when only the average
beam lumens of the floodlight were considered. In any event, the larger of the

two should be chosen, and lamp

size

should be reduced accordingly. This may

even require a shift to a smaller floodlight

in the

same class.

SIEP 5.
Check colculolions

resolved, the substitution of the correct as a check to assure obtaining the

After the problem of uniformity is values in the following formula will act quired level of illumination:
Actuol moinloined illuminotion: No. of floodlights X beqm lumens per floodlight X mointenqnce foctor

level in

foolcqndles

When this formula is used for checking,

the value used for beam lumens per floodlight should apply to the specific combination of reflector and door glass given
for the floodlight in the product section
of this manual,
It has been assumed that the areas
involved are so large that virtually all the
beam lumens will fall within its limits. In
most cases, however, the dimensions are
such that this will not happen and beam

utilization becomes a factor. See Note I

Ff

for an explanation of how this is taken

into consideration in making floodlighting
calculations.

When the dimensions or shape of an

area point to the use of several types of
floodlights with different beam spreads,
it is customary to divide the area into
sections and plan a system for each of
them. Buildings with setbacks are typical
examples, as are tall structures such as
towers or monuments. In setback build-

ings, you would design one setback at a

time, selecting the type of floodlight most
suited for each. With towers or monuments, a similar approach would be used.
The final choice between two or more

floodlighting installations which offer

equally satisfactory solutions from a
lighting standpoint is usually resolved by

at the economics of the two

installations. Both first costs and power
looking

costs can be compared.

Nole l. Utilizqtion efficiency, ot

utilizolion focfor, is the ratio of the

F.ig. 7. Floodlighls oimed

towqrd lhe cenler of cn

lumens effectively lighting an area to the

total available beam lumens, expressed in
percent or as a decimal fraction.

sreo os shown hcve IOOlq

since oll of their beom

Most floodlights are rated in

(beqm lumen) utilizqlion

lumens foll on lhe oreo.

beam

Those qimed toword lhe

lumens. Beam lumens include only the

lumens in that part of the beam in which
the candlepower values are ten percent
or more of the maximum candlepower.

\-' 8!'
-

_.-4

perimeler moy vory from

,4O lo .90 in utilizqlion
depending upon lheir posilion.

FLOODLIGHTS

AIilEO IN CEN.

EEAM

io\

r,/.s

IOO

-i

LIGHT

I
I

J__

'a,

LOS"T

Y,*

\l

OVERHANG

TOO LITTLE LIGHT

MUCH

Fig, 8. When o floodlighl is pointed so lhoi

ils oxis is cimed ot lhe for boundory,

con-

sideroble lighl is lost.

In Fig, 7, the floodlights aimed toward

the center of the area have 100/6 (beam
lumen) utilization, since all of their beam
lumens fall on the area. On the other
hand, those aimed toward the perimeter
may have a utilization factor of 40/6 or
less because much of their light must
necessarily fall outside the area.

Fig, 9. lf lhe lop of lhe beom is oimed ol

lhe field boundory, loo little lighl reoches lhe
orea ol lhe perimeler.

From this the following

conclusions

batween these lwo extremes it o proclicol

compromise.

beam lumens fall within an area, the over-

all utilization factor will be about .60.

can be drawn:

1. If

Fig. IO. Poinling lha floodlight gornewhere

half, or more than half, of the

of the floodlights are aimed so'that all

their lumens fall within an area, the overall utilization factor will be about .75.
2. If from one-quarter to one-half of
the floodlights are aimed so that all their

3. If less than one-quarter of the

floodlights can be aimed so that their
beam lumens fall within an area, the
over-all utilization factor is tikely to be
not more than .40,

These fqclors should be opplied to the floodlighring formulo (Slep 5) so thol lhe formula reqds:

Actuol moinlqined illuminotion level in foolcondles:

No. of floodlights X beqm lumens per flo
X moinlenonce foclor
Areq lo be lighred (sq. ft.

X ulilizotion faclor

Recommended Footcqndle levels

TABIE IIA FOR APPLICATIONS OTHER THAN BUITDING EXTERIORS
FOOTCA,NDTES

APPTICAIION

APPIICATION

Airport Aprons
Building

Generol conslruclion
Excovoiion work
Building Exteriors
Bulleiin dnd Poster Boords
Bright surroundings
Light surfoces
Dork surfoces
Dork surroundings
Lighl surfoces
Dork surfoces
Dredging
Drilling
Gosoline Service Slotions
Yord
Pump islond & soles room
Looding ond Receiving
Ploiforms

Freighl cor inleriors

Lumber Yords

Outdoor Substolions

t0

Porking Areos

l-5

Piers

50

r00
20
50
2
5

l0
30

0.5-2.0
5

Protective Iighting
Boundsries

l0
5ee Tobte

MAINIAINED

.2

Entroncer
llB

Aclive
lnoctive (usuolly lockedl
Vitol locotions or struclures
Building surrounds
Aclive shipping oreo
Generol inoctive oreos
Quqrries
Roilrood Yords
Clossif icotion
Receiving

Roilrood Possenger Plolforms

Shipyords
Generol
Woys ond fobricolion oraos
Smoke Stock (with odverlising messoge)
Storoge Yord

Woter Tonks (with odverlising mesroge)

.5
2

.5
2
.2
5

5-l
5

l0
20
I

20

.3
.2
0

Recommended Foorccrndle Levels

TABTE

IIB

FOR BUITDING EXTERIORS

RECOMMENDED
FOOTCANDTE
LEVELS MAINTAINED

BUII.DING SURFACES

III

PARTIAL LIST OF AVAIIABIE FIOOD.

LIGHTS SHOWING AVERAGE BEAM LUMENS
FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF UNITS

TABIE

tAMP
GENERAT SERVICE
INCANDESCENT. MERCURY

OR, FTUORESCENT
e or Creom Terro Cotl

Morble or Ploster

t-84A

300w, c-9
500w. c-9

L-85A

1000w, c-7A

L-38

1500w. c-7A

enerql

H400El

Purpos e

Smoolh or Medium
Brick

Tqn

or

**

H400Jl **
H1 000-At 5

Dork

Hl

000-cl

500w, c-9
'I
000w, c-9
'r
500w, c-7A
196Tt2/Cw /HO

F96PG17

B-medium-intensity white ways; secondary business streets

with few conflicting signs, etc.

't

00
L-108+
L-108*
L-',I

A-buildings and white ways; intensive street lighting; streets

with many conflicting signs and light sources; lower portions
of buildings falling under Class B locations.

500w. c-7A

F96r12/Cw /HO
F96PG17

Beam lumens will vary in direct proportion to lamp lumen output for other lengths of the Type L-108 fluorescent floodlight.

**Must be used with mogul to mogul adapter simiiar to Cat. No.

C-very little conflicting light, such as residential

20x45.

streets, parks,

lighted highways, etc.

t Estimated only.

Tests not available at time of printing.

Somple Problems qnd Solutions

PROBTEM

l:

BUIIDING FTOOD-

tlGHTlNG. Determine the proper floodlight and lamp, also correct number and
spacing for the following installation.

2c'

Solution: From Table I, page 6, we see

that general-purpose or heavy-duty floodlights are used most frequently. Since
there is no indication of unusual conditions warranting heavy-duty floodlights
we will use either L-82A or L-83A general-purpose floodlights.

STEP 1: From Table

Fig. I l.

Building Floodlishting.
Building Surfoce: Lighl groy Iimeslone
Locolion: "While-wqy" slreel.

IIB,

above, we

find a recommendation of 20 footcandles

STEP 2: Required initial lumens :
20footcandles X 20ft. X 80ft.
:

.75 *""rta""raa
42,700 lumens

No. of floodlinl-r1,
"

t-*t-

:1114 : l l
396r

flood-

lights

Using L-83A's,
42'7oo
10, 15 5

maintained.
FLOODLIGHTS ON BLDG.ACROSS STREET

STEP 3: Using L-82A's,

4 floodlishts.

STEP 4: Referring

to the photometric

data for L-82A's, page 18, we find that

only the polished reflector with lightly
stippled door glass approximates the 34"
angle necessary to cover the building. For
this combination, the "F" factor is .77.
Therefore, the distance between floodlights should not exceed 1l (77 X 33 ft),

il

Somple Problems crnd Solurions (continued)

or I2.7 feet. Dividing 80 feet (length of

with 750-watt general service lamps is

the building) by this figure shows that 6.3

or 7 Type L-82A floodlights are necessary

recommended. Spacing would be approximately 9 feet apart with 5 feet at each

for uniformity.

end.

Using L-83A floodlights, and again

referring to the photometric data in the
product section of this manual, we find

that only the polished reflector with

lightly stippled door glass will give a beam
spread approximating 34o. For this combination the

2: BUILDING FLOODtlGHTlNG. Determine the proper floodlight and lamp, also correct number and
PROBTEM

spacing for the following installation.

STEP 5: Checking our calculations.

Using L-82A's we need l1 floodlights to
provide sufEcient lumens (from step 3),

but only 7 for uniformity. Now let us

substitute in the Step 5 formula, using
the values that apply to the L-82A with
the lightly stippled door glass.
11

x '75 x o'n* ,rr.o maintained

20x80
footcandles

3870

18.0 maintained footcandles does not

of 20 foot-

meet our recommendation

candles established in Step 1. Therefore,

using a simple proportion, 11 floodlights X

20 ftc/18 ftc., we find that 12 Type L-

82A floodlights are required.

Using L-83A's we need only 4 floodlights
to provide enough beam lumens (Step 3),

but need 8 to provide good uniformity

(Step 4). Since we must use at least 8,
we should try a 750-watt general service
lamp instead of the 1000-watt lamp.
Multiplying 750/1000 times 9628 (beam
lumens of L-83A with lightly stippled
lens) gives 7221 beam lumens. Using this
value in the formula for Step 5:
8 x 7221 x '75 x o'9*:24.4

maintained

20x80

footcandles

Economics: Our two alternate solutions

are: 8 L-83A's with 750-watt lamps, or
L-82A's with 500-watt lamps.

12

Each of these would have a total power

requirement,of 6 kw, so power consumption is not an influencing factor.

Initial
8

costs:

L-83A's
750-watt

@$58.00

lamps @$

3.10

:
:

$464.00
24.80

$488.80
12 L-82A's
@$48.00 : $576.00
12 500'watt lamps @$ 2.90: 34.80
$610^s 0

Since installation costs and maintenance costs are lower for fewer floodlights,

the solution of 8 Type L-83A floodlights

* Eslimated utilizotion foctor,

t2

FLooDLTGHT

Using L-82A's with 500-watt lamps

12x3942 x.75 x0.9*
:19.9

/--

LocaroN /|

\ \/ /l
H
!''F

FRONT OF BUILDING

maintained
footcandles
If the etched reflector had not furnished
enough light, it would have been necessary to use the slightly more expensive
polished reflector with heavily stippled
door glass.
20

A ol
6c)l

Fig, I2. Building Floodlighting.

Building Surfoce: Light groy limeslone
Locolion:

"While.wqy"

to cover fully the surface of

the building.
Following the same scale drawing procedure as with the L-82A, we obtain
again D as 10 feet. Maximum spacing
should not exceed ]j (1.2 X l0) or 6 feet.
On this basis 12 L-83A floodlights spaced
approximately 6 feet apart with 3 feet at
each end would be satisfactory.
STEP 5: Checking calculations.

"F" factor is .61. Therefore,

the maximum spacing between floodlights is % (.6r X 33 feet) or 10 feet.

Dividing the length of the building (80
feet) by this, we find that 8 Type L-83A
floodlights are necessary for uniformity.

angle (63')

slreel.

x80

Using L-83A's we again have

floodlights

to

to use 12

provide satisfactory uni-

Solulion: Problem is the same as Problem 1, except that floodlights are to be

formity. Without calculating further

mounted on marquee rather than across

the street. From Table I, page 6, we find
general-purpose floodlights L-82A and
L-83A can be used for the job, since
heavy-duty floodlights are not required.

provide uniform lighting, and supply a

higher level of illumination than is re-

STEP 1: 20 footcandles, maintained.

STEP 2:20 X 20 X 80
:42,700 lumens

using 500-watt general service lamps.

STEP 3: Using L-82A's

3961

If the total annual cost including

amortization, power consumption and

floodlishts

is more important than

initial investment, then economics are
maintenance

Using L-83A's

usually in favor of using the L-108 fluores-

Y-lod :4floodlishts
10,

55

STEP 4: Referring

quired.
A comparison of the cost of floodlights
and lamps, and also of power consumption also favors the L-82A's. The solution
thus is 12 Type L-82A floodlights with

etched reflectors and plain door glass,

J5

!!oo :11

we

know that 12 L-83A's using a 750-watt

lamp rather than the 1000-watt lamp will

to the

photometric

data for the L-82A (page 14) we find two

lens and reflector combinations with sufficient beam width to cover the entire
surface of the building. The polished reflector with the heavily stippled door
glass, and the etched reflector with plain
door glass each have beam angles of 66'.
If the proposed layout is drawn to scale

and the beam angle bisected, then

numerical value of 10 feet is obtained for

distance "D."

For good uniformity, then,

spacing

should not exceed f (1.3 X l0) or 6l

feet. This holds true for both combinations of door glass and reflector mentioned, as they both have an "F" factor
of 1.3 (from page 14, photometric data).
Spaced approximately 6 feet apart,
with three feet at each end, 12 L-82A's
would be necessary. for good uniformity.
Referring to photometric data for
L-83A's on page 14, we find that only the
polished reflector with the heavily stippled door glass has a wide enough beam

cent floodlight, the Fluoroflood. If units

are mounted at the same location as the
incandescent floodlights above, and if the
Fluoroflood Fixtures are aimed at 45'
from vertical, then the available light
from one unit is 2730t lumens. To produce
an average maintained level of 20 footcandles, 42,700 lumens are required as
seen from Step 2. Therefore, 16 single or
eight double Fluoroflood Fixtures, operating F96T12/CW/HO lamps at 800 milliamperes, are required. This represents a
total connected load of 1968. watts including ballast losses.
There is not sumcient room along the
80-foot faqade to place eight double units
end-to-end; but the setback of every
other unit can alternate between eight
feet and seven and one-half feet, thereby
permitting the units to physically overlap
each other.

The enclosed model of

Fluoroflood

Fixture is recommended in areas where

low temperatures and/or snow accumulation are probable.
t For method of colculoling this volue refer lo
detciled explonclion in somple problem 3.

PROBLEM 3: ILIUMINATE UNDERCARRIAGES OF RAITROAD

BOX CARS FOR USE WITH
CTOSED CIRCUIT INDUSTRIAI
TEIEVISION FOR INSPECTION.
CAR TO BE TIGHTED IS AP.
PROXIMATETY 9 FEET WIDE.
Solulion: It is anticipated that units will
be installed relatively close to the area

to be lighted which indicates that a very

wide beam distribution is desirable in
order to minimize long harsh shadows.
This immediately suggests a fluorescent
unit. (See accompanying sketch.)
STEP l: Reference to Table I shows that
the "Fluoroflood" Type L-108 is sometimes used in railroad yards. Let us assume that the inspection pit is 3 ft. 6 in.
wide and that the fluorescent floodlights
can be installed 2 ft. below the surface.
Let us assume that we have a camera

with a f,/1.4 lens and it is

desired to obtain a "good" quality
equipped

picture. Experience with typical indus-

trial

closed circuit

TV

systems shows

that approximately 30 footcandles would

be required.

2: The required initial lumens to

produce the desirable 30 footcandles,
STEP

maintained are:

Initial lumens:

Ftc. XArea
Maintenance Factor

intercepted by the area being iliuminated.

Simply by knowing the ratios of the distances in front of and behind the unit to
the mounting height, the utilized lumens
can be read directly. Let us assume that the
units are to be aimed at 45' and then calcu-

late the number of floodlights required

to produce the required initial lumens.
In order to visualize the lumens inter-,
cepted by the area to be illuminated,

first show an imaginary plane equal to

(F+B). This plane is perpendicular to
and intercepts the aiming line at the
point where it is coincident with the sur-

face being lighted. Then:

F:transverse distance in front of

unit:0.8 ft.
B:transverse distance in back of
unit:7.1 ft.
MH : effective mounting height : 7.1 ft.
Ratio F/MH : 0.8/ 7.t : 0.1 13
Ratio B,rMH

Length of fluorescent flood-

:8 ft.)
MF:0.60 (It is assumed that
this environment would
light

dirtier than
average and that this is an
be considerably

appropriate factor

even

though enclosed units will

be installed.)

x9

x8 :

21600

:3600
Initiallumen.: 0_60
6
STEP 3: The number of floodlights required-N:

Initial Lumens (from Step 2)

Utilir.d L"*."r p.r Fl""dliehl
Here it is necessary to determine the
utilized lumens from the Photometric
Data.

closed

unit it is

7.1/7.1

4.

CITY PARKING
OR SHOPPING CENTER

PARKING AREA. Determine proper

floodlight and lamp, correct number of
floodlights, mounting height and pole

for the followins

installation:

Areo Surfqce: Block Top

Locqlion: Suburbon qreq.

1.00

seen

en-

that the lumens in-

1.85 floodlights;

this means that approximately 2 floodlights would be required every 8 feet.

The maximum candlepower (center of

the beam) intercepts the area near the

edge of the car when the unit is aimed at

45". This same maximum candlepower is
directed at a point near the center of the
car when aimed at 671' above the hori-

zontal.In this instance, it is recommended

that the 45' aiming angle be chosen beof

cause

(l)

unit to the

the greater distance from the

edge of the area and, (2) the

greater grazing angle of light received
near the edge of the area. The 45' aiming

will

therefore, result

in better over-all

uniformity of illumination. The 45o aiming would also be preferred because any
objects falling on the unit would be hitting the enclosure at a greater angle and
would therefore, be less likely to cause
permanent damage.
STEP

4: Of course

several smaller in-

candescent units could be used to produce

the same average value of illumination,

however, it is quite obvious that the

resultant uniformity would be somewhat

poorer. In addition, the total connected
load would be appreciably greater because
incandescent lamps have less than )l the
efficiency of fluorescent lamps (usually
measured in lumens per watt). Also, if it
is ever necessary that work be conducted
in the pit with the lighting units operat-

ing there will be much less danger of

workmen getting burned from hot units

if fluorescent
STEP

sources are used.

5: Actual

area would be:

footcandles obtained on

No. floodlights

:ln*!n.

Therefore, there would be required a con-

><

utilized

-"tn!"t"tt9" f""to.
Area

2X1950X0.60 :JZ.J
Average footcan-

tinuous row of 8-foot units on each side

of the pit.
The question then immediately arises:
is 45" the optimum aiming angle for
maximum utilization? This can only be
answered by redrawing the sketch and

x8

dles, maintlined

repeating the above procedure using the

resultant ratios of transverse distances to

mounting heights. When this is done for
an aiming angle of 67 11" above the horizontal it is found that:
Ratio F/MH :3.0/5.+ :0.556
Ratio B/MH : 2.15 / 5.4 : 0.419
with resultant intercepted lumens of 1100
plus 950 for a total of 2050 lumens. This

is a slightly better utilization ratio, but

so.

Solulion: Table I, page 6, suggests L-69A

floodlights for this application.

STEP

l:

sTEP 2:
STEP 3:

Fig. 14. Shopping Cenler Pcrking Areo.

tercepted by the projected area being

illuminated is 300 and 1650 for the front
and back areas, respectively. This represents a total of 1950 lumens distributed
over the area of the underside of the box

not significantly

PROBTEM

From the utilization curve of the

Therefore, N :3600

Area:9X8 (width of car:9 ft.;

tOT

been made available a convenient utiliza-

tion curve which assists in obtaining a

more accurate estimate of the lumens

car.

Where Ftc.:30

30

Insomuch as units of this type are used

to illuminate rectangular areas there has

Propose 1.0 footcandles from

Table IIA, page 10.
1

x4o9 x8oo :426,666lumens.

.75

y9g9:26
16,658

lsoo-watt incandescent.

STEP 4: A large area is most conveniently lighted with tall towers. The highest practical mounting height with a
tower is 100 ft. Maximum spacing is

therefore 4X100 or 400 feet.

Possibilities include 6 towers (one at

each corner and one at the center of each

long dimension) with 4 or 5 floodlights

per tower, or:

Two towers, located 400 feet apart on
the center line of the area, with 200 feet
at each end, and with 14 floodlights on
each tower.

STEP

5:

Checking calculations. Wide

angle L-69A's would be used.

28

x 20,000 x.75 x.75* :0.985

maintained
400 x800
footcandles.

Economics obviously favor the solution

using just the two center poles.
*Eslimoted ulilizqtion foclor.

Typicol Floodlighting lnsfo!lcrtion Designs

SMAIL AREAS

CORRIDOR-TYPE IIGHTING

3.

TARGE AREAS

2.

trT
---)tr
^* )o
\--/ ''.
c* -1

tr'I r-7,
-----,,,7 //
tt^

Fig, 15. ln lighting smoll horizonlol oreos,

the dislqnce belween poles should be nol
more lhon four limes lhe mounling height. This
holds lrue regordless of lhe number of flood'
lighls on eoch pole or lhe level of illuminqtion

soughl.

Fis. 17. ln lighring lorge oreos up lo only

five foolcqndlesr lhe cenler pole syslem moy be
employed, Agoin, o pole should be within o
dislonce of twice lhe mounling heighl from the
perimeler of lhe oreq to be lighted, ond poles
should nol be more lhon four limes lhe mounl.
ing height qporl.

Fig. 19. lf f ilqment lomp f loodlighls qre used

in corridor-lype lighting, lhe lomPs (regordless
of number) should nol be forlher oporl lhon
four times the distqnce lo the horizonlol sur'
foce being lighied.

Fig, 18. To oltoin illuminqlion levels above

Fig. 16. Poles con be sel in from lhe corners

of lhe sreq to be lighted. A pole should not'

however, be forlher from lhe corner lhqn lwice
lhe mounling heighl, or forlher lhon four limes
lhe mounling height from the nexl Pole.

five foolcondles, poles should never be more

lhon fout limes the mounling height oport.
This rotio is true for the distonce ccross lhe
creo lo be lighted, os well os the lolerol dis'

Fig. 20. The between-lighls spocing rule of

nol more lhqn four limes lhe mounting heighl

lqnce belween poles.

ol:o opplies lo fluorescenl floodlighls.

PHOTOMETRIC DATA, L-82A qnd L-84A

Type L-82A ond L-84A Floodlight wilh

sOO-wqtt Gendrol Lighting-service Lomp' P.5.40 Cleor Bulb;

C-9 Fil, 7-in. Lighl-cenler Length; 9900 Lumens

Type of

Beom Angle

Door Gloss

in Degrees

u",,.

Foclor

Photo-

Co

Lumens

Beom Angle

Beon
ndle-

eom

mefric
Print

(Avg. Mox)

Hor.

u.u.

Beom

Fdclor

Beom

Co nd

Lumens

le-

(dvg, Mox)

Hor.

Polished Anodized Aluminum

Refleclor: Polished Anodized Aluminum

f,Ploin . .

in Degrees

LighilyStippled....

Heovily Stippled. .

Spreodlisht.......

efleclor: Etched Anodized Aluminum

3068
t3,4OO I H822934s I sO I 49 | 0.94
-l-3942
is omitted from L-82A, lumens and candlepower will be increased initially by 5 to 10 Percent.
Refleclor: Etched Anodized Aluminum
r

When door glass

[-83A dnd L-85A

PHOTOMETRIC DATA,

Type L-83A ond L-85A Floodlight with

tOOO-wdtt Glnerol Lighting-service Lomp. P'S. 52 Cleor Bulb;

C-7 A Fil, 972-in. Lighf-.enter Length; 2I5OO Ludens

Beon Angle
in Degrees

u.".

Beom

Foctor

Beom
Lumens

Hor.

Heovily

Stippled.....

Spreodlig hr.

34 I
63 I
26 I
n"tt

.6r |
sa
Oz I t.z
|
sa | .aa * t.oz |

9628 |
10,910 |
10,726

Foctor

elric

(Avg. Mox)

Reflector: Elched Anodized Aluminum

88,700
3s,400
67,000

|
|
I

H82293s3
H82293s4

H82293ss

7578
13
t3 I O.25
8226
.St
29 | 30 I
s4 I so I r.oo I coco
asza
l8 I so [.az't.tel
: Etched Anodized Aluminum
r',A I O-82
6444

44,000 I H
| 9096
tPloin. . .
be increased iDitially by 5 to 10 percent
will
and
candlepower
L-83A,
lumens
glass
omitted
from
is
When
door
f

14

Condle-

Beom

Print

(Avg. Mox)

Refleclor: Polished Anodized Aluminum

f Ploin...
Lightly Stippled.. .. ..

Beom

Photo-

Condle-

| 483,000
| 96,100
| 42,5oo
| 94,600 |
I

H8229357
H8229358
H82293s9
H8229360

FIIAMENT PHOTOMETRIC DATA, Generol Purpose, Type [-69A

Beom Angle

in Deqrees

Beom
Fo

Lomp Used

Beom

Efficiency
in

Vertico

Very Norrow

ctor

orizonto

Per Cent

500-wott, G4816,
in. LCL, C-5 Fil.

5%

Norrow Beom

Medium Beom

1500-wott, PS-52,9\h in. LCL,

Wide Beom

1500-wott, PS-52,97r in.

C.7A Fil.

500-wott, PS-52,91/z in.

c-7A rit.

Eeom

Condlepower

{Avg.-Mo x)

I 3,430

44.8

8s3,000

H.9317926

6,000

48.4

307,OO0

H-9317912

17,200

52.1

54,000

H-93t2910

20,000

60

53,000

LCL,
1

c-7A Fit.

!C1.,

H.931 791

',l

PHOTOMETRIC DATA, L-100 (Enclosed/Open), L-55 (Open)

Type [-lOO ond L-55 Floodlights/with l5OO-Won, PS-52,
Generol Service, C-7A Filoment, Cleor Bulb, 9Vz-inch LC.
Type of Refleclor

Beom Angle

in Deqrees

Fo

Beom

clor

Co nd lep owe

Beon
Efficiency
in

Per Cent

Enclosed* Polished Aluminum

L-100

37.6

221H261

Enclosed* Etched Aluminum

t-100

98

Open Porceloin Steel [-55

2.91

24,750

x Open model (door assembly omitted) also available upon request. Open units will have approximately 10% higher lieht output, initially
+This data is based on tests o! pre-production samples. Data on units typical of production not available at time of compilation.

MERCURY PHOTOMETRIC DATA, Generol Purpose, Type L-69A

Beom Angle in Deqrees

Foctor

Reflector
H

orizonto

Beom
Lumens

Beom

Efficiency

in

No raow

H400El +

32

23,6

o,49

8,980

42,8

Medium

H400Et *

JJ.J

1a

o.64

I I ,000

52.s

H400E I

Beom
Cond lep owe r

Percenl

144,OO0

Photometric
Print

221H203

95, I 00

221H201

82.4

92.8

1.92

12,510

24,200

221H202

Norrow

H400J I +

90

96

2.11

12,660

63.3

20,900

221H206

Medium

H400J I

9l

92

2.05

3,000

65.r

9,300

221H204

H400i I *

r09

108

2,000

60

I 1,500

221H205

H1000-Al5

54

45

o.92

2s,900

48

55,000

221H209

000-Al5

65

62

.24

35,700

66.1

I r 2,000

H1000-Al5

98

104

2.42

40,000

71.1

17,100

221H208

H1000-cl5
H1000-cl5

113

111

3.05

38,600

5.7

32,000

221H212

104

104

2,56

35,600

69.2

30,700

H931'7946

H1000-ct

112.5

112

2.98

3I ,600

6l.3

23,000

221H21

No

rrow

Medium

Norrow
Medium

Hl

H9317945

* Must be used with mogul to mogul socket adapter similar to Cat. No. 20X45, or equal

l5

UTIIIZATION CURVE OF I FT. FTUOROFTOOD Cqr. No.2H08Cl (F96TI2/Cw/HO Lomp)

Refer to somple problem for explonotion of use of curves

i i.o
JO

ot
-c

rB
o

r
oH.izo

OF
z<
?=x
I
=o
OA

a
a
,-

ZL

FRONT OR, BACK

f>
=<
- t'ro

v:
-d
IJF
uJ

r3
HE

23
R.ATIO

TRANSVER5E DISTANCE

(IN FRONT OR BACK OF

UNIT)

FLOODTIGHT PRODUCT INFORMATION

Space does not permit detailed description of the various General Electric floodlights referred to in this application bulletin. For full information on the units-

performance, ratings, weights and dimensions, construction features, etc.-ask for

any of the free bulletins listed below.
Your authorized General Electric flood-

Distribution, General Electric Co.,

PUBLICATION
NUMBER

As used in eleclric fountqins

GEC-581B

t-38

Heovy-duty, 250-300 wotls, porloble or permonenl

eEc-646A'

L-55

Generol-purpose sports ond oreq (open ond enclosed), up to 1500 wotts.

GEC-1498

Generol-purpose sporls ond oreo, I500 wqtls

GEA.5435B

L-82A ond L-83A

Generol-purpose, 300 lo 1000 wotts

GEC-895A

L-84A ond [-85A

Heovy-duly, 300 to 1000 wotts

GEC-537C

L-l 00

Generol purpose (open ond enclosed), up to I500 wotis

GEC-t488

t-r 08

Fluoresceni floodlighr for signs, posler ponels, looding docks, ploiforms,

enlrqnces, service oreqs, eic'

GEA-5436C
GEC-t487

Mercury Floodlighting

GEC-r486

1.69A

For further informotion conlocl your nedresl Generol Electric Floodlighling Distributor

GENERAT

ETEGTRIC

OUTDOOR TIGHTING DEPARTMENT, HENDERSONVITLE, N. C.

3-58 (25M)

94oo

Sche-

nectady, New York.

DESCRIPTION

FLOODLIGHT

L-33 qnd L-41

lighting distributor can get them for you,

or write direct to Publication and Film