NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SRINAGAR

SEMINAR REPORT
ON

GSM BASED
HOME
AUTOMATION
SYSTEM
NAME : RAJNEESH
KUMAR SALGOTRA
ENROL : 163/2010
ROLL
1

: 31

SEMESTER : 7 th

TABLE OF CONTENT

1)

INTRODUCTION

3)

DOUBLE-TONE MULTIFREQUENCY

2)
4)

BLOCK DIAGRAM

MICROCONTROLLER

5)

RELAYS

7)

REFERENCE

6)

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications): It is a cellular communication
standard.
Using GSM networks, this can monitor and control appliances
and other devices locally using built-in input and output peripherals.
Remotely the system allows the user to effectively monitor and
control the house/office appliances and equipment via the mobile
phone set by sending commands in the form of DTMF TONE. The
main concept behind the project is receiving the CALL and a fix
DTMF TONE and processing it further as required to perform several
operations. The type of the operation to be performed depends on
the key pressed. The principle in which the project is based is fairly
simple. Firstly, the DTMF TONE is sent via the mobile keypad and
then it is decoded through a decoder and sent to the intermediate
hardware that we have designed according to the command
received in form of the DTMF TONE.

The DTMF TONE is sent from the mobile set that contains commands in DTMF form
which are then processed accordingly to perform the required task

WHY GSM ?

Because GSM is the one of the most used communication networks today . Almost
every person has a mobile station these days , which are used as terminals for the
voice calls , they can also be used for many other applications . Now , If we use it for
controlling distant home appliances it will be very beneficiary because of two reasons:
1. The wireless remote controls for appliances are expensive and also it is also
difficult for any individual to carry many remote controllers .
2. Now, If we use only the single mobile for communicating with many devices
and voice calls also .The User has to carry a single Mobile .
3. Mobile Stations are incorporated with many functions so why not to add few
more .

BLOCK DIAGRAM

POWER SUPPLY

AC POWER

L
SOLID
STATE
DTMF

RELAY

O
A
D

MICROCONTROL
LER

DECODE
R

8051

Mobile
Connector
4

SOLID-STATE

RELAY

A
D

AC
POWER

DTMF
The DTMF (Dual Tone Multiple Frequency) application is associated
with digital telephony, and provides two selected output frequencies
(one high band, one low band). The matrix for selecting the high and
low band frequencies associated with each key. Each key is uniquely
referenced by selecting one of the four low band frequencies
associated with the matrix rows, coupled with selecting one of the
four high band frequencies associated with the matrix columns. The
low band frequencies are 697, 770, 852, and 941 Hz, while the high
band frequencies are 1209, 1336 and 1477 Hz. The DTMF subroutine
assumes that the key decoding is supplied as a low order hex digit in
the accumulator.

If we press 1

The corresponding signal produced

DTMF DECODER
DTMF decoder is a very easy to use Integrated Circuit to decode DTMF dial tones
found on telephone lines with touch tone phones.
The frequencies used for the DTMF (dual-tone, multi-frequency) system, which is also
referred to as tone dialling are 697, 770, 852, and 941 Hz at low pass filter
and1209, 1336 , 1477 Hz at high pass filter . These frequency signals are
encoded as a pair of sinusoidal (sine wave) tones from the table below which are
mixed with each other. So, we need to decode it for knowing which digit was pressed
at the Encoder .DTMF is used by most PSTN (public switched telephone networks)
systems for number dialling, and is also used for voice-response systems such as
telephone banking and sometimes over private radio networks to provide signalling
and transferring of small amounts of data.
A Decoder need to have many units like High pass filters for Higher frequencies
correspondingly Low pass Filters , and most of the IC have Zero crossing Detector
circuit for Couting the frequency and many other Units . The unit will not detect
numbers dialled using pulse dialling. Circuit uses a CM8870 DTMF receiver chip and
pre-programmed microcontroller.
I am using MT8870

MT8870
The MT8870D/MT8870D-1 is a complete DTMF receiver integrating both the
bandsplit filter and digital decoder functions. The filter section uses switched capacitor
techniques for high and low group filters; the decoder uses digital counting techniques
to detect and decode all 16 DTMF tonepairs into a 4-bit code .And the Latch is used to
hold the output for some time . External component count is minimized by on chip
provision of a differential input amplifier, clock oscillator and latched three-state bus
interface.

The PIN Diagram of MT8870

The Block Diagram of the MT8870

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The Outputs Generated at Q1 , Q2 , Q3 and Q4

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12

8051 MICROCONTROLLER
An embedded microcontroller is a chip, which has a computer processor with all its
support function (clocking and reset), memory (both program storage and RAM), and
I/O (including bus interfaces) built into the device. These built in function minimize
the need for external circuits and devices to the designed in the final applications. The
improvements in micro-controller technology has meant that it is often more cost
effective, faster and more efficient to develop an application using a micro-controller .
There are two types of micro-controller commonly in use. Embedded micro-controller
is the micro-controller, which has the entire hardware requirement to run the
application, provided on the chip. External memory micro-controller is the microcontroller that allows the connection of external memory when the program memory is
insufficient for an application or during the work a separate ROM (or even RAM) will
make the work easier.

FEATURES OF 8051

128 bytes of RAM

16 bit address bus
4 Parallel Ports
1 Serial port
4K ROM
6 Interrupts Sources
less power consumption
16-bit program counter and data pointer
32 general purpose registers each of 8 bits
ROM on 8051 is 4 Kbytes in size
2 Timers

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14

Pin Description
VCC Supply voltage.
GND Ground.
Port 0 Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. When 1s are written to port
0 pins, the pins can be used as high-impedance inputs. Port 0 can also be configured to
be the multiplexed low-order address/data bus during accesses to external program and
data memory. In this mode, P0 has internal pull-ups. External pull-ups are required .
Port 1 Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. When 1s are
written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as
inputs. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and
verification.
Port 2 Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. When 1s are
written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as
inputs. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program
memory and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit address .
Port 3 Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. When 1s are
written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as
inputs. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89S51, as
shown in the Figure above . Hence , Seldom used as I/O PORT
XTAL1 Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock
operating circuit.
XTAL2 Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier

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RELAYS
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Relays are used where it is necessary to
control a circuit by a low-power signal with complete electrical isolation between
control and controlled circuit .

LOW
POWE
R
Input

HIGH POWER
CIRCUIT

RELAY

SOLID STATE RELAYS

A solid-state relay is an ON-OFF control device in which the load current is conducted
by one or more semiconductors - e.g., a power transistor, an SCR, or a TRIAC. (The
SCR and TRIAC are often called thyristors, a term derived by combining thyratron
and transistor, since thyristors are triggered semiconductor
switches.)
Like all relays, the SSR requires relatively low controlcircuit energy to switch the
output state from OFF to ON, or vice versa. Since this control energy is very much
lower than the output power controllable by the relay at full load, "power gain" in an
SSR is substantial--frequently much higher than in an electromagnetic relay of
comparable output rating. To put it another way, the sensitivity of an SSR is often
significantly higher than that of an EMR of comparable output rating.
Photo-coupled SSR's (see figure 3), in which the control signal is applied to a light or
infrared source (usually, a light-emitting diode, or LED), and the radiation from that
source is detected in a photosensitive semi-conductor (i.e., a photosensitive diode, a
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photo-sensitive transistor, or a photo-sensitive thyristor). The output of the photosensitive device is then used to trigger (gate) the TRIAC or the SCR's that switch the
load current. Clearly, the only significant coupling path between input and output is
the beam of light or infrared radiation, and electrical isolation is excellent. These
SSR's are also referred to as optically coupled or photo-isolated.

AC
POWER

CONCULSION
17

The extensive capabilities of this system are what make it so interesting. From the
convenience of a simple cell phone, a user is able to control any electrical devices
,wherever is the range of GSM which has almost covered the whole globe . This
makes it possible for users to rest assured that their belongings are secure and that the
television and other electrical appliances was not left running when they left the house
to just list a few of the many uses of this system. The end product will have a
simplistic design making it easy for users to interact with .
The major drawback in this system is no feedback is available , so it may happen
that you have Pressed a key for an action but You will noy receive any
acknowledgement whether it has happened or Not .

REFERENCES
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1)
2)
3)
4)

http://pdf1.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/view/77085/MITEL/MT8870.html
Mazidi, Muhammad Ali, The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems
SOLID STATE RELAY HAND BOOK
http://chipscity.com/downloads/Projects/GSM%20based%20Control
%20System.pdf
5) www.wikipedia.com
6) 8051 MICROCONTROLLERS by SATISH SHAH
7) http://www.informit.com/library/content.aspx?
b=Signaling_System_No_7&seqNum=11

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