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Acoustics and Vibrations Analysis with

COMSOL Multiphysics

Linus Andersson
Global Technical Support
COMSOL
Copyright 2014 COMSOL. COMSOL, COMSOL Multiphysics, Capture the Concept, COMSOL Desktop, and LiveLink are either
registered trademarks or trademarks of COMSOL AB. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners, and
COMSOL AB and its subsidiaries and products are not affiliated with, endorsed by, sponsored by, or supported by those
trademark owners. For a list of such trademark owners, see www.comsol.com/trademarks.

Agenda

Why Simulate Acoustics and Vibrations?


Modeling with COMSOL Multiphysics
The Acoustics Module
Applications
Demo
Absorptive Muffler with acoustic-shell interaction

Q&A Session
How To
Try COMSOL Multiphysics
Contact Us

Why Simulate Acoustics and Vibrations?


Understand

Verify

Optimize
A vibrating micromirror experiencing viscous and thermal
damping. Model used to determine Q factor and damping
coefficient to ensure optimal operation.

The Multiphysics Approach

Simulating with COMSOL Multiphysics


Electrical, Mechanical, Acoustical, Fluid, and Chemical
Multiphysics Coupled phenomena
Single physics in one integrated
environment
Cross-disciplinary product development
Intensity radiation from a vented loudspeaker cabinet.

All Inclusive Interactive Modeling Environment


COMSOL Desktop
Straightforward to
use, it gives full
insight and control
over the modeling
process

Model Builder
Provides instant
access to any part of
the model settings
CAD/Geometry
Materials
Physics
Mesh
Solve
Results

Graphics
Ultrafast graphic presentation, stunning
visualization, and multiple plots

COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4 Product Suite

Extend the functionality of the Acoustics Module

Determine background
flows for Aeroacoustic
simulations with CFD.
Extend the Acoustics
Module functionality
with these Modules.
Interface with your
CAD data, MATLAB,
and Excel.
Combine with the functionality
of these modules for extended
multiphysics modeling of
transducers and more.

Main Acoustics
Module.

Multipurpose
Sensitivity and optimization
analysis
Materials data
Particle Tracing
Applications in
electromagnetics, fluid,
acoustics, and mathematics
Sound Pressure Level for the
Optimized Horn Shape

Acoustic Radiation forces on


Particles using the Particle Tracing
Module. Here an Acoustic Levitator.

The Acoustics Module


Physics and boundary
conditions for modeling
acoustics and vibration
problems
Multiphysics user interfaces
for coupled acousticstructure interaction
problems and piezo
materials
Equations formulated in
both the frequency domain
and for transient problems

Pressure distribution in a particulate filter unit.

Application Areas of the Acoustics Module

Automotive industry

Pressure distribution in a muffler


system.

Aerospace

Mufflers
Particulate filters
Sound radiation
Sound insulation
Car interior sound
Jet engine noise
Vibration control

Civil engineering and architecture

Sound insulation
Sound scatterers/diffusers
Sound transmission
Vibration control
HVAC noise (pipe acoustics)
Porous/fibrous materials

Pressure distribution in a particulate


filter unit.

Sound transmission through periodic elastic


structure.

Application Areas of the Acoustics Module

Transducer design

Celllphones

Transducer location
Feedback optimization

Headsets

Microphones
Loudspeakers
Piezo transducers
MEMS transducers
Acoustic flow meters

Directivity assessment

Musical instruments

Brel and Kjr type 4134 condenser microphone.


Model courtesy Brel and Kjr.

Intensity radiation from a vented


loudspeaker cabinet.

Application Areas of the Acoustics Module

Hearing aids

Transfer functions
Directivity analysis
Feedback

Bioacoustic applications with ultrasound


Advanced applications

Photoacoustics/optoacoustics
Thermoacoustic cooling
Acoustofluidics
Acoustic radiation
Acoustic streaming
Combustion instabilities

Heating of tissue sample by a focused


ultrasound beam.

Hi-Fi Hearing Aids with Multiphysics Modeling.


Model courtesy: WIDEX A/S.

Physics Interfaces

Pressure Acoustics

Acoustic-Structure Interaction

Multiphysics interfaces
Predefined couplings between fluid and solid
Elastic waves, poroelastic waves, piezo
materials

Aeroacoustics

Classical acoustics
Diverse boundary conditions
Fluid models for porous materials and fluid
with losses

Flow born noise


Linearized Euler and Linearized Potential Flow
Compressible potential flow

Thermoacoustics

Acoustics in small devices


Full linearized compressible flow equations
(Navier-Stokes, continuity, and energy
equations)

Pressure Acoustics

Classic Pressure Acoustics


Impedance Boundaries
Radiation Conditions
Pressure Acoustics Domain (fluid model)

Poroacoustics Domain

Delany-Bazley-Miki model
Johnson-Champoux-Allard model (rigid and limp)

Narrow Region Acoustics Domain

Viscous and/or thermally conducting


User-defined attenuation coefficient

Models for boundary layer losses

Far-Field Calculation

Determine the field outside the model


Predefined plots for easy post processing

Muffler with Perforates: Acoustics of a car muffler with perforated


baffles and pipes

Acoustic-Structure Interaction

Automatic coupling between acoustics


in fluids and elastic waves in structural
components
Elastic/acoustic waves in solids and
porous materials
Electric fields and structural waves in
piezoelectric materials
Acoustics in compliant pipe systems
BAW, SAW, Lamb waves, etc.
automatically modeled

Aeroacoustics

Flow born sound/noise simulations

Linearized Euler

Compute the acoustic variations in density,


velocity, and pressure in the presence of
approximate ideal gas flow

Linearized Potential Flow

Frequency domain and transient

Coupling between compressible potential


flow and acoustics
Valid for potential background flows: inviscid
and irrotational flow

Compressible Potential Flow

Compute the background flow for the


Linearized Potential Flow physics

Flow Duct model: noise emitted from a


jet engine.

Thermoacoustics

Acoustics in small devices: mobile


devices, transducers, microphones,
hearing aids, perforates etc.
Linearized Navier-Stokes, continuity, and
energy equations
Includes thermal conduction and viscous
losses explicitely
Also known as: viscothermal or
thermoviscous acoustics
Solves for acoustic variations in pressure,
velocity, and temperature
Condenser Microphone model from the Model Library. Fully coupled acoustic,
membrane, and electrostatic model of a condenser microphone.

Domain Conditions
Acoustic fluid models (lossless, ideal gas, attenuation)
Porous materials
As equivalent fluid models (Delany-Bazley, Miki, J.C.A., rigid/limp, user
defined)
Using the Poroelastic Waves interface (Biots theory)

Piezoelectric materials
Features from: Pressure Acoustics, Solid Mechanics, Electrostatics, and
Piezoelectric Devices

Structural mechanics
Features from solids

Shells and membranes


Requires the Structural Mechanics Module

Boundary conditions

Sound hard/soft wall


Impedance boundary conditions (adding lumped models)
Radiation conditions
Far-field calculations
n p
Periodic conditions
Multiphysics conditions

Acoustic-solid boundary
Acoustic-shell boundary
Acoustic-porous boundary
Thermoacoustic-shell/solid boundary

(u,v,w)

Multiphysics
Coupling to other interfaces and modules
If you can write the coupling on a piece of paper you can write it in
COMSOL

Some Examples of Acoustics and Vibrations


The B&K 4134 Condenser microphone
Loudspeaker drivers
Vibrating Micromirror (FSI in the frequency domain)

Brel & Kjr 4134 Condenser Microphone


Sensitivity

Physics used
Thermoacoustics

dB (rel. 1 V/Pa)

Electrostatics (in AC/DC)


Membrane (in Structural
Mechanics)
Deformed mesh

f (Hz)
Model the sensitivity of a BK 4135 condenser microphone with a true multiphysics
model. Model geometry and measurements are courtesy of Brel & Kjr Sound and
Vibration Mesurements, Nrum, Denmark.

Loudspeaker Driver in a Vented Enclosure


Physics used
Static magnetic fields
AC currents and magnetic
fields
Structural mechanics
Pressure acoustics

Model the driver and its interaction with the


enclosure to compute the sound pressure level,
sensitivity, and spatial response.

Far-Field Plots
Visualizing the Far Field

yz-plane

Vented loudspeaker model with 3D far-field response.


xy-plane

Vibrating Micromirror with Viscous and Thermal


Damping

abs(w)

Displacement Response

f (Hz)
Micromirrors are used in certain MEMS devices to control optic elements. This model of a
vibrating micromirror surrounded by air uses the Thermoacoustic-Shell Interaction user
interface to model the fluid-solid interaction. The model thus includes the correct viscous
and thermal damping of the mirror from the surrounding air. The Q-factor and attenuation
coefficient are determined using both a frequency sweep and an eigenfrequency study.

Demo: Absorptive Muffler with Elastic Shells


Absorptive Muffler model from
Model Library
Send in a plane wave, measure
pressure at the outlet
Calculate transmission loss as
function of frequency
Original model assumes rigid walls

pout

pin
TL = 20 log(|pin/pout|)

Absorptive Muffler with Elastic Shells

Steel shell (1 mm)

Fixed

Thicker metal
straps (3 mm)

Absorptive Muffler with Elastic Shells


Three versions, three interfaces
pout

Original version with rigid walls


Pressure Acoustics

pin
TL = 20 log(|pin/pout|)

Absorptive Muffler with Elastic Shells


Three versions, three interfaces
pout

Original version with rigid walls


Pressure Acoustics

Elastic walls
Acoustic-Shell Interaction
pin
TL = 20 log(|pin/pout|)

Absorptive Muffler with Elastic Shells


Three versions, three interfaces
Original version with rigid walls
Pressure Acoustics

Elastic walls
Acoustic-Shell Interaction

Structural eigenfrequencies
Shell

Video Demo:
Absorptive Muffler with Elastic Shells
pout

Please wait while the content is


loading
pin
TL = 20 log(|pin/pout|)

Absorptive Muffler with Elastic Shells

Q&A Session

COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4 Product Suite

Try COMSOL Multiphysics


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