AUDIOCODIERUNG IN MPEG: AKTUELLER STAND UND

AUSBLICK AUF ZUKNFTIGE ENTWICKLUNGEN

Manfred Lutzky, manfred.lutzky@iis.fraunhofer.de
Nikolaus Rettelbach, nikolaus.rettelbach@iis.fraunhofer.de

Fraunhofer IIS

Outline

MPEG Audio

Nikolaus Rettelbach

Overview of Mature Standards

Recent Standards
Ongoing Standardization
MPEG Audio Communication Codecs

Manfred Lutzky

Fraunhofer IIS

Inhalt/Titel durch
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MPEG-Audio:
Mature
Standards

MPEG-4: AAC-ELD
MPEG-D: MPEG Surround
MPEG-4 HE-AAC, HE-AACv2
MPEG-4: Audio (AAC-LC/LD/SCAL, TwinVQ, BSAC)
MPEG-2: NBC = AAC
MPEG-1/2: Layer I, II, III

1992
Fraunhofer IIS

1997

2003

2007

2012

MPEG-Audio: Standards and Applications

Standard
MPEG-1 Audio
Layer-I
Layer-II
Layer-III (mp3)
MPEG-2 Audio

ISO/IEC
11172-3

~PASC = DCC (Digital Compact Casette)

DAB, DVB, DVD(Europa)
iPod, Internet Streaming, Electronic Music Distribution
13818-3

Layer-I,II,III
AAC-LC
MPEG-4 Audio

Applications

13818-7
14496-3

adds low sampling rates

5.1 extension: not used
ARIB (Japan TV)

AAC-(E)LD

EBU N/ACIP, FaceTime, VideoConferencing,

iOS, Android, MacOSX

HE-AAC/
HE-AACv2

3GPP, DAB+, DRM, DASH, HbbTV, DVB-T, ATSC, ARIB Brazil

iOS, Android, MacOSX, MS Windows

MPEG-D
23003
MPEG Surround 23003-1
Fraunhofer IIS

DAB+, DVB, DASH, DECE

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MPEG-Audio:
Mature
Standards

MPEG-4 HE-AAC, HE-AACv2

1992
Fraunhofer IIS

1997

2003

2007

2012

MPEG-4 HE-AACv2: ISO/IEC 14496-3

HE-AACv2 is a combination of:
Low Complexity AAC (AAC-LC)
Spectral Band Replication (SBR)
Parametric Stereo (PS)

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MPEG-4 HE-AACv2: AAC-LC

Classic Perceptual/Transform Coder
Audio Input
Bit Demux

Time/
Frequency
(MDCT)

Psychoacoustic
Control

Quantization
(Scaling/
Noise
Shaping)

Scale-factors

Scale-factors

Inv.
Quantization/
Rescaling

Frequency/
Time
(IMDCT)

Noiseless
Coding

Bit Mux

Perceptual Encoder
Fraunhofer IIS

Noiseless
Decoding
(Huffman)

Audio Output

Decoder

 Encode lower frequencies

only
Describe high frequencies
parametrically (Tonality,
Energy-Envelope,)
Decoder:

xover

Amplitude

Encoder:

Amplitude

HE-AACv2: Spectral Band Replication (SBR)

Decode lower frequencies

Fraunhofer IIS

Replicate higher frequencies

by copying up and adapting
the decoded spectrum
according to transmitted SBR
parameters

Frequency

Amplitude

xover

xover

HE-AACv2: Parametric Stereo (PS)

Encoder:
Encode Mono Downmix with AAC Encoder
Parametrize Stereo Image (Panning, Correlation)
Decoder:
Decode Mono Downmix
Regenerate Stereo Image based on transmitted parameters

[EBU TECHNICAL REVIEW January 2006: MPEG-4

HE-AACv2 audio coding for todays digital media
world; Stefan Meltzer and Gerald Moser] 10

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MPEG-4 HE-AACv2

State of the art in efficient high-quality multi-channel and stereo audio

codec for more than 10 years
Used in TV, radio, and streaming worldwide
in more than 5 billion devices today

[ETSI TS 101 154]

Fraunhofer IIS

11

Inhalt/Titel durch
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MPEG-Audio:
Mature
Standards

MPEG Surround

1992
Fraunhofer IIS

1997

2003

2007

2012

12

MPEG Surround Codec Principle

Stereo Playback

HE-AAC
Encoder

Stereo Bitstream
MPS Bitstream

HE-AAC
Decoder

Automatic
Stereo
Downmix

Stereo
Downmix

5.1 Playback

MPS
Encoder
5.1 PCM

MPS
Decoder
Binaural Playback

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MPEG Surround
High-Quality Surround Sound at Stereo Bit-Rates
MPEG Surround allows an efficient and backward compatible compression
of high-quality surround sound

Six for the price of two

multi-channel audio at stereo bit-rates
side information (e.g. 4-10 kbps) transparently carried in the audio stream
easy upgrade to any stereo transmission system for multi-channel
applications

One file for all

MPEG Surround files can be played back on stereo and surround
loudspeaker systems, or ordinary headphones

14

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MPEG-Audio:
Recent
and Future
Standards

MPEG-H: 3-D Audio

Dialogue Enhancement
xHE-AAC, AAC-ELDv2
MPEG SAOC (Spatial Audio Object Coding)

2003
Fraunhofer IIS

2007

2012

15

Inhalt/TitelHE-AAC
durch Klicken hinzufgen
Extended

MPEG xHE-AAC

2003
Fraunhofer IIS

2007

2012

16

Extended HE AAC: Motivation/Background

State of the art codecs in 2007:

HE-AACv2 for music and generic audio
AMR-WB+ for speech
Call for Proposals issued in Autumn 2007 with the aim to develop a
codec which
performs comparable to or better than the best coding technology that
might be tailored specifically to coding of either speech or general audio
content
Unified Speech and Audio Coding (USAC)
MPEG-D Part-3 USAC published in early 2012 (ISO/IEC 23003-3)
17

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Extended HE AAC: USAC and the AAC family

Final algorithmic design of the codec is an upgrade of

MPEG-4 High Efficiency AAC v2 (HE-AACv2, enh. AAC+)
New profile Extended HE AAC, includes HE-AACv2 and USAC.
New devices will be backwards compatible by design

AAC-LC

18

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Extended HE AAC: General Codec Structure

well known from HE-AACv2 or

comparable codecs:
(Partially) parametric stereo
coding stage:
Unified Stereo Coding
Enhanced Spectral Band
Replication (eSBR) for parametric
coding of high audio frequencies:
much improved SBR as known
from HE-AAC (v2)
Remaining core signal coded with
MDCT based transform coder
amended with speech coding
technologies
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Encoder

Decoder
19

Extended HE AAC: Core Coder

MDCT based transform coder base as

known from AAC

Bitstream De-Multiplex
Arithm.
Dec.

Plus Speech coding derived

technologies:
LPC based spectral shaping
Time domain based ACELP
Bass postfilter (pitch enhancement)

Scalefactors

ACELP

Inv.
Quant.

LPC
Dec.

Scaling

LPC to
Freq.
Dom.

LPC
Synth
Filter

IMDCT

FAC

Windowing, Overlap-Add
Bass Postfilter
Bandwidth Extension

Stereo Processing

Uncompressed PCM Audio

Decoder Detailed Structure

Fraunhofer IIS

20

Extended HE AAC: Technical Highlights

Many new tools and improvements

throughout the system

Bitstream De-Multiplex
Arithm.
Dec.

Technical Highlights:
Frequency Domain Noise Shaping

Inv.
Quant.

LPC
Dec.

Scaling

LPC to
Freq.
Dom.

Forward Aliasing Cancellation

Context Adaptive Arithmetic Coding
Harmonic Transposition
Unified Stereo Coding

Scalefactors

ACELP

LPC
Synth
Filter

IMDCT

FAC

Windowing, Overlap-Add
Bass Postfilter
Bandwidth Extension

Stereo Processing

Uncompressed PCM Audio

21

Fraunhofer IIS

Extended HE AAC: Performance Overview

Mono

Stereo

MUSHRA score

100

MUSHRA score

100

0
ad

24

126

16

24

Bit Rate (kbit/s)

AMR

Fraunhofer IIS

USAC

620
VC

24
8 16
b t ate [ bps]

20
664

AMR
HE-AAC

2496

832

Bit Rate (kbit/s)

AMR
AMR

48

64

96
22

Extended HE-AAC: Performance II

Low bitrates [8 kbps mono / 16 kbps stereo to ~24/32 kbps]:

better speech quality than any speech codec
Perceived audio quality: up to ~20-40 point improvement on a 100
point scale for speech over HE-AAC at very low bit rates
New state of the art for mono and stereo coding
Intermediate bitrates [32 ~96 kbps stereo]:
Better performance compared to HE-AAC through e.g.
Unified stereo
Improved entropy coding

23

Fraunhofer IIS

Extended HE-AAC: Conclusions

Extended HE-AAC allows coding of arbitrary content (music, speech,

mixed) at bitrates as low as
8 kbit/s mono, 16 kbit/s stereo
while also allowing coding of highest quality at high rates and
multi-channel
Optimal codec for transmission over bandwidth limited channels, e.g.
over-the-air broadcasting, streaming to mobile devices
Outperforms legacy state-of-the-art dedicated speech and audio codecs
Extended HE AAC is an upgrade to HE-AACv2 , thus guaranteeing
backwards compatibility with existing services and content

24

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Inhalt/Titel
Klicken hinzufgen
MPEG
SAOCdurch
and Dialogue
Enhancement

MPEG SAOC: Dialogue Enhancement

MPEG SAOC (Spatial Audio Object Coding)

2003
Fraunhofer IIS

2007

2012

25

Dialogue Enhancement
Personalized User Experience
User benefit
Enables users to change the balance between dialogue and
background according to individual preferences
Dialog enhancement for better intelligibility
Adaptation to listening environment
Broadcaster benefit
Same audio mix for all listening environments
No need to send different audio versions
Backwards compatible with existing devices
Cost efficient hearing-impaired audio service
26

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Todays Challenge
Finding the Right Mix
Audio mix with one balance between dialogue and background is always
a compromise
Hearing impaired people require a higher loudness of the dialog
Non-native speakers need about 3dB higher S/N
The listening environment has an influence on the preferred setting of
the mix
Depends on content, e.g.
Sport events: commentary vs. stadium atmosphere
Movies: music & effects vs. dialogue level

27

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MPEG Spatial Audio Object Coding (SAOC)

Efficient transmission and rendering of multiple audio objects with
Interactivity / Personalization

SAOC
Encoder

SAOC
Decoder

28

Fraunhofer IIS

Dialogue Enhancement
Object based with parameterized objects
Each audio element is treated as an object.
The objects are parameterized to allow their manipulation at the
receiver. The parameters are send with the mix.
Backward compatible transmission
Audio mix is not changed
Parameters embedded into bitstream

29

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Dialogue Enhancement
Signal Flow Overview

30

Fraunhofer IIS

Dialogue Enhancement
Scenarios
Stereo
Mono Dialog or Stereo Dialog
Stereo Background
5.1 Multi-channel
Mono Dialog, Center-only
Stereo Dialog: all three front channels (Left, Center, Right) contain
Dialog signal parts
5.1 Background

31

Fraunhofer IIS

Dialogue Enhancement:
Workflow Integration
Separate objects (sources) are available at the encoder:
Dialog and Background
Mix is done in the SAOC encoder
Bitstream
AAC
Encoder

Parameters

Mix

Dialog
Background

SAOC
Encoder
32

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Inhalt/Titel
durch
Klicken hinzufgen
MPEG:
Current
Standardization

MPEG-H: 3-D Audio

2003
Fraunhofer IIS

2007

2012

33

MPEG-H 3D-AUDIO

34

Fraunhofer IIS

MPEG-H 3D-Audio

Idea

Universal bitrate-efficent high quality compression format

Format can represent spatial audio from very high spatial fidelity (22.2
loudspeakers) down to stereo
Decoder/renderer is able to render from 22.2 down to stereo or
headphone reproduction
Rendering to non-ideal (misplaced) loudspeaker setups
Bitrates from 1200 kbps down to 256 kbps for 22.2 channel material
Application Scenarios
Home Theatre, Personal 3D TV, TV for Smartphones/Tablets
35

Fraunhofer IIS

MPEG-H 3D-Audio

Format

Two format approaches under parallel consideration

Channels + Objects (C+O)
Channels: Waveforms for dedicated loudspeaker signals
Objects: Waveforms where rendering position is variable
Higher Order Ambisonics (HOA)
A recording and storage format for a whole 3D scene

36

Fraunhofer IIS

MPEG-H 3D-Audio

Flowchart Channel+Object

Direct Loudspeaker
Output (22.2)

Compressed
bitstream,
256 ... 1200 kbps

Channel+Object
Decoder

Object Renderer

Format Conversion
to reduced number
of Loudspeakers
(e.g. 8.1, 5.1)

Headphone
processing

37

Fraunhofer IIS

MPEG-H 3D-Audio

Timeline

Call for technology proposals since 01-2013

Submission of technology candidates, 06-2013
Selection of reference model 0 technology, 08-2013
Merge of Channel+Object and HOA-technology is envisioned
Work item to be finalized in 2015

38

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Inhalt/Titel durch
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MPEG-Audio:
Communication
Codecs

MPEG-4 AAC-ELDv2
MPEG-4 AAC-ELD
MPEG-4 AAC-LD

1997
Fraunhofer IIS

2003

2007

2012

39

ISO/MPEG low delay Audio Coding

MPEG
Surround

2004

240
algorithmic delay [ms]

2006

HE-AAC
v2

180

2003
HE-AAC

1999

120
AAC-LC
60
0

10

24

40 64
Bit rate per channel [kbps]

128

40

Fraunhofer IIS

ISO/MPEG low delay Audio Coding

Low delay AAC (AAC-LD)
MPEG
Surround

2004

240
algorithmic delay [ms]

2006

HE-AAC
v2

180

2003
HE-AAC

1999

120
AAC-LC
60
AAC-LD
0

10

24

40 64
Bit rate per channel [kbps]

2000
128

41

Fraunhofer IIS

ISO/MPEG low delay Audio Coding

Enhanced Low Delay AAC (AAC-ELD)
MPEG
Surround

2004

240
algorithmic delay [ms]

2006

HE-AAC
v2

180

2003
HE-AAC

1999

120
2008

60

AAC-LC

AAC-ELD
0

10

24

40 64
Bit rate per channel [kbps]

AAC-LD

2000
128

42

Fraunhofer IIS

ISO/MPEG low delay Audio Coding

AAC-ELDv2 - 3GPP EVS
MPEG
Surround

2006
2004

algorithmic delay [ms]

240

HE-AAC
v2

180

2003
HE-AAC

1999

120
2011
2008

60
0

AAC-ELD
v2
10

AAC-ELD v2 stereo operation mode

Fraunhofer IIS

24

AAC-ELD

AAC-LC
AAC-LD

40 64
Bit rate per channel [kbps]

2000
128

43

ISO/MPEG low delay Audio Coding

AAC-ELDv2 - 3GPP EVS
MPEG
Surround

2006
2004

algorithmic delay [ms]

240

HE-AAC
v2

180

2003
HE-AAC

1999

120
2011
2014 sched.
60
0

AAC-ELD
3GPP
EVS v2
10

AAC-ELD v2 stereo operation mode

Fraunhofer IIS

2008

24

AAC-ELD

AAC-LC
AAC-LD

40 64
Bit rate per channel [kbps]

2000
128

44

ISO/MPEG AAC-ELD
2011
AAC-ELD
v2

+ MPS

2008

+ SBR

AAC-ELD

AAC-LD

Status:
AAC-ELD International MPEG Standard Q4/2007
AAC-ELD v2 International MPEG Standard, part of MPEG SAOC
Innovation of AAC-ELD:
Low delay Spectral Bandwidth Replication (SBR)
Delay optimized filterbank/window
Innovation of AAC-ELD v2:
Low Delay MPEG Surround (MPS)
Delay optimized codec structure
Fraunhofer IIS

iChat & FaceTime

45

ISO/MPEG AAC-ELD

Main features:
AAC-LD

AAC-ELD

AAC-ELD v2

bandwidth

Full audible bandwidth up to 48 kHz sampling

rate

Algorithmic
delay

20 40 ms

15-32 ms

21- 39 ms
(stereo mode)

Typical
bitrate
[kBit/s]

32 (mono)128 (stereo)

24 (mono)
128 (stereo)

24-48 (stereo)

Frequency
domain
mixing
Fraunhofer IIS

Josef-von-Fraunhofer
Prize 2011

46

ISO/MPEG AAC-ELD
licensing
patent pool for all relevant AAC family members run by via
AAC-LD, AAC-ELD v2 and AAC-LC, HE AACv2 part of unified license
Licensors: AT&T, Dolby, Fraunhofer, Philips, LG, Microsoft, NEC, Nokia, NTT,
Orange, Panasonic, Sony, Ericsson
http://www.vialicensing.com/licensing/aac-overview.aspx

47

Fraunhofer IIS

ISO/MPEG AAC-ELD
stereo quality

48

Fraunhofer IIS

ISO/MPEG AAC-ELD
AAC-ELD delay optimized t->f transformations

Delay
saving

AAC-LD two window shapes

AAC-ELD one universal low delay window

49

Fraunhofer IIS

ISO/MPEG AAC-ELD
Low delay Spectral Bandwidth Replication (SBR)
2008

AAC-ELD

+ SBR
AAC-LD
Warped Copy of
AAC Spectrum

Added Spectral
Components

Amplitude

Amplitude

AAC
Spectrum

Original Spectrum

Frequency

SBR Decoder Output

Frequency

Bitrate saving coding of high frequencies

AAC-ELD core codec is responsibel for low band spectrum
Low delay SBR reconstructs high band
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Fraunhofer IIS

ISO/MPEG AAC-ELD
Low Delay MPEG Surround (MPS)
2011
AAC-ELD
v2

+ MPS
AAC-ELD

Parametric Multi channel extension for mono or stereo audio codecs

Encoder derives relevant spatial parameters and pre-processed downmix
Decoder expands downmix
to multi-channel by means
of the spatial parameters

51

Fraunhofer IIS

ISO/MPEG AAC-ELD
Dt. Telekom listening test June 2010 (1)

Independent subjective listening test of low delay communication codecs

MUSHRA listening test procedure

Speech and music content

Test result mono

Excellent quality (mushra points >80) can be achieved with some codecs

at different bitrates

AAC-ELD at 32kbps

Other codecs need 48 kbps (G.719, G.722.1-C...)

Or never achieve excellent quality (G.718, Silk/Skype,..)

Tetst result Stereo:

The best performance has the AAC-ELD which offers excellent quality at
bitrates beginning at 48 kb/s
52

Fraunhofer IIS

Source: ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/tsg_sa/WG4_CODEC/TSGS4_59/Docs/S4-100479.zip

ISO/MPEG AAC-ELD
Dt. Telekom listening test June 2010 (2)
Mono bitrates in kbit/s for excellent quality
Codec

Arbeit

Club

Fiedel

Jazzpiano Rea

Speech average

AAC-ELD 32

24

48

32

32

32

32

AAC-LD 48

48

32

48

48

48

48

CELT

64

48

64

48

48

48

54

G.718

48

32

G.719

32

32

48

48

32

48

40

G722.1-C 48

32

24

32

G722.2

G.722

SILK

40

40

40

Speex

Source: ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/tsg_sa/WG4_CODEC/TSGS4_59/Docs/S4-100479.zip

Fraunhofer IIS

53

ISO/MPEG AAC-ELD
deployment
iOS
Natively in OS since 5.0 used for Face Time
Andorid:
Natively in OS since Jelly Bean (4.1)
OSX
Natively in OS since Lion
Videoconferencing
Defacto standard for high quality audio, TIP
EBU/ACIP broadcast contribution
Recommended codecs AAC-LC/LD

Fraunhofer IIS

54

ISO/MPEG low delay Audio Coding

AAC-ELDv2 - 3GPP EVS
MPEG
Surround

2006
2004

algorithmic delay [ms]

240

HE-AAC
v2

180

2003
HE-AAC

1999

120
2011
2014 sched.
60
0

AAC-ELD
3GPP
EVS v2
10

AAC-ELD v2 stereo operation mode

Fraunhofer IIS

2008

24

AAC-ELD

AAC-LC
AAC-LD

40 64
Bit rate per channel [kbps]

2000
128

55

3GPP/SA4
Enhanced Voice Service (EVS) - Objectives
Next generation speech and audio codec for NGN services
5 Objectives:
1. Enhanced quality and coding efficiency for narrowband (NB) and
wideband (WB) speech services
2. Enhanced quality by the introduction of super-wideband (SWB)
speech
3. Enhanced quality for mixed content and music in conversational
applications (for example, in-call music)
4. Robustness to packet loss and delay jitter
5. Backward interoperability to the 3GPP AMR-WB codec

56

Fraunhofer IIS

3GPP/SA4
Enhanced Voice Service (EVS) - Design constraints
Design constraints:
sampling rates: 8-48 kHz
Channels: Mono, stereo
Bitrates: 7.2 128kbps CBR; 5.9 kbps VBR
SWB 13.2 kbps
Delay: 32 ms
Complexity: 88 wMOPS (=2x AMR-WB)
Features: JBM, rate switching, PLC, VAD/DTX/CNG

57

Fraunhofer IIS

3GPP/SA4
Enhanced Voice Service (EVS)
Time schedule:
Submission of qualification executable 11/2012
Qualification 03/2013
Submission of selection executable 11/2013
Selection 04/2014
SA4 finalization of characterization TR 8/2014
SA approval of Characterization TR 9/2014

58

Fraunhofer IIS

3GPP/SA4
Enhanced Voice Service (EVS) - Fraunhofer candidate

encoder

decoder

59

Fraunhofer IIS

3GPP/SA4
Enhanced Voice Service (EVS) qualification rules
WID objectives
1

Tests Sets

Weight

NB and WB clean speech

and speech under
background noise quality
requirements
1
at rates lower than 13.2
kbps (gross rate) with
& without DTX
2
at rates of 13.2kbps
(gross rate) and higher
[with DTX ( 24.4
kbps) and] without
DTX

NB/WB clean and noisy speech

(FER=0%)
at gross bit rates <13.2kbps with
and without DTX and at
13.2kbps with DTX

20%

NB/WB clean and noisy speech

(FER=0%)
at gross bit rates >=13.2kbps
without DTX

10%

Enhanced
quality by the
introduction of
SWB speech

All SWB speech quality

requirements with and
without DTX; clean speech
and speech under
background noise

SWB clean speech and speech

under background noise with
and without DTX (FER= 0%)

30%

Enhanced
quality on
mixed content
and music in
conversational
applications

Quality requirements for

music and mixed content
cases capturing the
situations and use cases
where use of the 3GPP
audio codecs would not be
possible

NB/WB mixed content and

music (FER=0%)

Robustness to
packet loss and
delay jitter

Quality requirements
related to robustness to
packet losses and delay
jitter

NB/WB clean/noisy speech

(FER values >0%, MTSI delayjitter profiles) at gross bit rates
<13.2kbps with and without
DTX
and at 13.2kbps with DTX

5%

NB/WB clean/noisy speech

(FER values >0%, MTSI delayjitter profiles) at gross bit rates
>=13.2kbps without DTX

2.5%

SWB clean/noisy speech (FER

values >0%, MTSI delay-jitter
profiles)

7.5%

NB/WB (50%) and SWB(50%)

mixed content and music (FER
values >0%, MTSI delay-jitter
profiles)

5%

WB clean speech, noisy speech,

mixed content and music (all
tested FER values >0%, all

0%

Enhanced
quality and
coding
efficiency for
NB and WB
speech
services

Backward
interoperability
to AMR-WB

Quality requirements for the

AMR-WB interoperable
EVS codec mode

SWB mixed content and music

(FER=0%)

Source: http://ftp.3gpp.org/tsg_sa/WG4_CODEC/TSGS4_70/Docs/S4-121249.zip

Fraunhofer IIS

10%

50% weight
SWB FoM

10%

These 4
items
will
count
together
in Rule
2a and
Rule 2b

60

3GPP/SA4
Enhanced Voice Service (EVS) - Quailification test results
Qualified for selection

FoM#1

FoM#2a

FoM#2b

100%

98%

96%

94%

92%
e-NTT

a-Fra

i-QCI

b-Hua

j-Sam

f-DOC

k-Eri

c-Mot

m-ZTE

u
z
n
q
Original PC Label / Blinded PC Label

d-Nok

h-Pan

g-FTO

l-Voi

61
Source: http://ftp.3gpp.org/tsg_sa/WG4_CODEC/TSGS4_72bis/Docs/S4-130292.zip
Fraunhofer IIS

Further Information I
MPEG Home Page:

http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/

MPEG-AAC
ISO/IEC MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding; Bosi et al; JAES Volume 45
Issue 10 pp. 789-814; October 1997
HE-AACv2:
EBU TECHNICAL REVIEW January 2006: MPEG-4 HE-AACv2 audio
coding for todays digital media world; Stefan Meltzer and Gerald
Moser http://tech.ebu.ch/docs/techreview/trev_305-moser.pdf
MPEG Surround:
http://www.mpegsurround.com/index.html
xHE-AAC:
MPEG Unified Speech and Audio Coding - The ISO/MPEG Standard
for High-Efficiency Audio Coding of All Content Types; Neuendorf et
al; AES Convention:132 (April 2012) Paper Number:8654
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Further Information II
Dialogue Enhancement
http://tech.ebu.ch/docs/techreview/trev_2012-Q2_DialogueEnhancement_Fuchs.pdf
http://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/de/bf/amm/forschundentw/forschaudiom
ulti/dialogenhanc.html
MPEG-H 3D Audio:
http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-h/3d-audio
AAC-ELDv2
http://www.full-hd-voice.com
EVS
Project plan:
http://ftp.3gpp.org/tsg_sa/WG4_CODEC/TSGS4_73/Docs/S4-130521.zip
Design Constraints
http://ftp.3gpp.org/tsg_sa/WG4_CODEC/TSGS4_65/Docs/S4-110710.zip

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