Math Rules

Factorisation:
For factorising
Formula:

Quadratic

Equation

( b) (b)24 ( a ) (c)
X=
2(a)

Trignometry:
Pythagoras Theorem:
A 2=B2 +C 2

B 2= A2C 2

C2 =A 2B2

Page

Trignometry of a right angled Triangle:

SOH :Sin=

Opposite
Hypotenuse

Kareem Mokhtar

by

CAH :Cos=

TOA :Tan=

Adjacent
Hypotenuse

Opposite
Adjacent

Examples on Sine rule:

The Sine rule:
1) Find X:
A,B5 & C Xare angles
=
sin(28)
sin (100)
A,b
&c
are sides
5 sin (100)
The
X = Sine Rule is used when:
sin (28)
You are given ONE SIDE and TWO
ANGLES, to find the missing side
X =10.5 cm
You are given TWO SIDES and ONE
ANGLE which is not between the two
2) sides,
Find to
: find the missing angle.
12.5
10.5

sin ( 32 ) 12.5
10.5

=Si n

Page

Sin=

=
Sin sin (32)
a
b
c
=
=
SinA Sinb SinC

( sin ( 3210.5) 12.5 )

=39.1

Kareem Mokhtar

Page

The Cosine Rule:

A,B & C are angles
A,b & c are sides

The Cosine Rule is used when:

Kareem Mokhtar

You are given TWO SIDES and ONE

ANGLE which is between the two sides,
to get the side opposite to the angle.
You are given THREE SIDES, to find
any angle.

a2=b2 +c 22 ( b ) ( c ) (Cos)

b=a2 +c 22 ( a ) ( c ) (Cos)

Examples on the Cosine Rule:

1) Find X:

2 22
c 2=b
+ a+2
b ) ( a( 8) (Cos)
)( 12 ) (cos 100)
X 2=8
122(2

X =240.25

X =15.5 cm

2) Find
2

17 =10 +12 2 ( 10 ) ( 12 ) (cos )

289=244240 ( Cos )

240 ( Cos )=244289

240 ( Cos )=45
Cos=

45
240

=cos1

( 45
240 )

=100.8

Kareem Mokhtar

Page

289+240 ( Cos )=244

Sine Rule of the Area of a triangle:

A,B & C are angles
A,b & c are sides

Page

This Rule is used when:

You are given TWO SIDES and ONE
ANGLE which is between the two
sides.
1
Area= b c SinA
2
1
Area= b a SinC
2

Kareem Mokhtar

1
Area= a c SinB
2

Examples on the Sine Rule of Area:

Find the area of this shape:

Area=

( 12 120 40 sin(120))+( 12 20 80 sin(100))

Sine
Curve Rule:
Area=2866.31m
2

Sin=sin(180)

Examples:
sin 100=sin 80

sin 74=sin 106

Example on Sine Curve rule:

And so on
Calculate angle given that it is obtuse.

12 sin 40
10

=sin1

Page

Sin=

12
10
=
Sin sin 40

40
( 12 sin
)
10

=50.47

which is obtuse. We have to find the other

angle which has the same sine.

18050.47 =129.5
Kareem Mokhtar

Back Bearing:
If the bearing of B from A is , then the
bearing of A from B {Back Bearing} is:
+180 ( if is less than 180 )
180 (if is more than 180)

Co-ordinate Geometry and straight lines:

To calculate the distance between two
given points:
Distance= ( X X ) +(Y Y )
2

To calculate the Co-ordinates of the midpoint between two given points:

( X +2 X , Y +2 Y )
1

Page

To calculate the gradient of a straight

line:
we must have two points on the line
(X1,Y1) and (X2,Y2)
the gradient (m) is:
m=

Y 2Y 1
X 2 X 1

Matrices:
Multiplication of two Matrices
Kareem Mokhtar

|M |

(CA BD)( 13 24)=(CA 1+1+DB 33

A 2+B 4
C 2+ D 4

Determinant of a Matrix:

M= A
C

B |M |=AD BC
D

Multiplicative Inverse of a Matrix (M-1):

M= A
C

B |M |=AD BC M 1= 1 D B
D
|M | C A

NOTE: M x M-1 = Identity Martix

Any matrix multiplied by its multiplicative
inverse will give you the identity matrix which
is:

(10 01)

Variations:
Direct proportion equation:
Y =K ( X )

Page

Y and X are the two variables and K is the

constant of variation which you will be
given information to find.
Indirect proportion equation:
Y=

K
X

Polygons:
Kareem Mokhtar

To calculate the sum of interior angles of

a regular polygon:
(n2) 180

Where n is the number of sides in the

polygon.

To calculate one interior angle of a

regular polygon:
( n2 ) 180
n

To calculate the one exterior angle of a

regular polygon:
360
n

Page

Note: the sum of exterior angles of any

polygon is always 360.

Kareem Mokhtar