Aniruthaan, M.E.

-HVE, Anna University

VERY FAST TRANSIENT

OVER VOLTAGES
Aniruthaan K.

GIS-Gas Insulated
Substations

Why GIS

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

The first being Indias first 765 kV Gas

Insulated Substation (GIS) in Pune,
Maharashtra in partnership with
Hyosung (Korea) and the other again a
first of its kind 765 kV transmission line
on EPC basis and a state-of-the-art
2x1500 MVA 765/400 kV Air Insulated
Sub-station in Rajasthan.

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

New Problems to Solve in

GIS

Reduced Ground Area

Induced Currents

VFTO

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

VERY FAST TRANSIENT OVER VOLTAGES

Very Fast Transients (VFT), also known as

Very Fast Front Transients, belong to the
highest frequency range of transients in
power systems. According to the
classification proposed by the CIGRE
Working Group 33-02, VFT may vary
from 100 kHz up to 50 MHz (1990).

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

Origin of VFTO

Operation of Disconnectors in GIS

Operation of Circuit breakers in GIS
Earth faults in GIS

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

The breakdown of a disconnector when it

is closing originates two surges VL and
VS which travel outward in the bus duct
and back into the source side
respectively.

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

VFTO
Internal
transien
ts

External
transien
ts

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

Internal transients

the propagation throughout a substation must be

analyzed by representing GIS sections as low-loss
distributed parameter transmission lines, each
section being characterized by a surge impedance
and a transit time.
Travelling waves are reflected and refracted at
every point where they encounter a change in the
surge impedance.
As a result multiple reflections and refractions,
travelling voltages can increase above the original
values and very high-frequency oscillations occur.
Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

Streses the insulation in GIS

The internal damping of the VFT
influencing the highest frequency
components is determined by the spark
resistance.
Overvoltages are dependent on the
voltage drop at the disconnector just
before striking, and on the trapped
charge that remains on the load side of
the disconnector.
Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

External transients

Internally generated VFT propagate

throughout the GIS and reach bushings
where they cause transient enclosure
voltages and traveling waves that
propagate along the overhead
External
transmission line.transients
Transient
enclosure
voltages

Transients
on Over
head
Connections

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

Transient
Electromag
netic fields

TEV or TGPR

Transient enclosure voltages (TEV), or

transient ground potential rises (TGPR),
are shortduration high-voltage transients
that appear on the enclosure of the GIS
through the coupling of internal
transients to enclosure at enclosure
discontinuities.

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

Transients on Over head Connections

A portion of the VFT traveling wave

incident at a gas-air transition is coupled
onto the overhead connection and
propagates to other components. This
propagation is lossy and results in some
increase of the waveform rise time.

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

Transient Electromagnetic fields

These fields are radiated from the

enclosure and can cause some stress on
secondary equipment. Their frequency
depends on the GIS arrangement, but
are typically in the range of 10 to 20
MHz.

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

Modeling

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University

Aniruthaan, M.E.-HVE, Anna University