£ The pressure generated by the beating of the heart together with the elastic recoil of the walls of the arteries drives the blood out to the tissues. At the capillaries, some of the plasma leaks across the capillary walls to form the tissue fluid. List TWO substances that are lacking in 3 (2 marks) ‘Fotab-tanarks 5. A biology student carried out an experiment to investigate the effect of mineral deficiencies on plant growth, Cereal plants of equal age and size were grown in four cultures (A, B, C and D), Solution A contained all known mineral nutrients in the correet proportions while each of the other cultures (B, C and D) lacked one mineral. The following diagram shows the apparatus set up for the experiment. iE IE E E E ar 5 3 sotaton witha sokion winou Sotuion minoct sotwton winout minerals nowded nirogen phowphorus potas [A quick-growing plant grown in dark bottles containing solutions of minerals a, List TWO conditions (besides plant size and age) that need to be kept constant during this investigation. , a 5 (2 marks) b. Describe TWO differences shown in the diagram between the plant in culture A as compared with the plants in cultures B Cand D. 2 _Weh- developed loaner, Well olevtlopeot — aoots (2 marks) c. During the investigation air was bubbled in each of the four cultures. Explain the importance of this, TO provi r is bic ars An (1 mark) berrivtis @D Eee eee ved, Ifa cereal plant was grown in a solution without the mineral magnesium, what would happen to the leaves of the plant? Give a reason for your answer. (2 marks) Total: 7 marks is 6. The relative concentrations (in units of carbon dioxide in the air in an alveolus and in the blood in a pulmonary capillary) are shown in the diagram below. aah connected to 7 connected to blood vessel blood vessel Q - po air in alveolus “site B COz = 46 site AW co, =40 a. Name the TWO blood vessels Q and R. (Pulmineru) Q (uboninsas\vensele R lole. (1, 1 mark) b. Explain why the rate and depth of breathing increases during exercise. (2 marks) c. What happens to the carbon dioxide concentration of arterial blood if a person holds the breath for a short time? & Insane (1 mark) @ Biology ~ Secondary Schools ~ Track 3 ~ Form 4 ~ 2011 Rage eoehd. The following diagram shows part of the route taken by air to the cells in an insect, surface of body Name the parts labelled X and Y. x: Sprache ¥: _Thraceole (1, 1 mark) ¢. In some insects the part labelled X may be surrounded by hairs. Suggest a reason for this. To mducw _w (1 mark) f. There are many species of annelid worm. Some are very small, only a few millimetres in length, while others such as the lugworms are much larger. ‘The following diagram shows a lugworm and part of one of its gills. Paneth Biology — Secondary Schools ~ Track 3 ~ Form 4~ 2011i. List ONE way (shown in the diagram) in which the structure of a lugworm gill is adapted for efficient gas exchange. ii, Explain why smaller sp®cies of annelid worms do not have gills for 0 2 y . L . (1, 2harks) Cy emounr Total: 11 marks The following graph shows how the filtration rate and the reabsorption rate of glucose in human nephrons vary with the concentration of glucose in the blood plasma. key “filtration ~~ rate _ teabsorption —— rate rate of filtration or reabsorption of glucose (mmol min") 0 10 20 30 40 concentration of glucose in blood plasma (mmol dm™) From the graph determine the maximum rate of glucose reabsorption. 2 mmol min (1 mark) Describe the relationship between the filtration rate and the concentration of glucose in blood a The {Iban Aot of Qfucors vacrvares sith 5 ce : moasansch obiicere concombation cn the Alooal . (I mark) Describe the relationship between the reabsorption rate and the concentration of glucose in blood plasma. te reabsorption nati intone wilh fucose Z bo a. i muen, (2 marks) _, Ammol min. What happens to the glucose in a person where the concentration of glucose in the blood plasma exceeds (is higher) 20mmol/dm™ ? the luc Pan out, not neabsabed iy fet in Urine (2 marks) Biology ~ Ssoondary Schools— Track 3 Form 42011 G) rere4. The following diagram shows the oxygen usage and the production of lactic acid for an athlete and a non-athlete. Athlete Non-athlete Oxygen usage —*— al Lactic acid production —— aeeQuee ao 60 = 5 ge 5 g< eZ 40 ED OL gt z= 30 ag SE, Ze sz 2 2 Ze 10 SE si 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Energy usage (J min-! kg-!) a, Use the graph to compare the oxygen usage for the athlete and the non-athlete, when the energy usage increases. O%: ADage incwaner to a Aate nite (2 marks) a Compared 0 He nen-athate when sce Party b. From the graph list TWO differences between the production of lactic acid in an athlete and a non-athlete. Ty ae otiur , Lactic acid production starts (4 marks) when 1090 Tmatly’ ih Gena used while the non-otttuta makes Lactic What is the effect of a build-up of lactic atid? Octck when Oe Anes Lore (2 marks) Must Porn , aticher, Qotique Plactic auc production is fostn in d. Name the type ee ee that leaTS the production of lactic acid and wrfie'a wera New otbRata equation for it. 1,3 marks) Onsdnabien | qfaco > factic acto + Omeryy: « ) c. Carbohydrates are rich sources of energy. Name the polysaccharide storage material found in animals (often called animal starch) and give TWO sites in the body where itis stored. " 20 (1,2 mark) OE eae : (Total 15 marks) (4 marks) Biology Form IV