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1984

J. R. Krebs N. B. Davies 1978

Behavioural Ecology an Evolutionary Approach
1981

ESS

1984

1996 12
3000
1978 Behavioural Ecology an Evolutionary Approach
1984 1991
An Introduction to Behavioural
Ecology 1981 19821983 1985 3
1987 1992
1984 4 1012
1985 Behavioural Ecology Ecological
Consequences of Adaptive Behaviour 34 93
1985 Bert Hlldobler Martin Lindauer Experimental Beha-
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vioural Ecology and Sociobiology

Karl von Frisch18861982
1986 Mode-
lling in Behavioural Ecologyan Introductory Text Dennis Lendrem
1993 F. A. Hun-
tingford Behavioural Ecology of Fishes

E. O. Wilson 1975
Sociobiology R. Dawkins 1977 The Selfish Gene

1988
1989
8

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8 475

476
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11 583

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12 645

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2

ethologyecology
behavioural ecology

ecoethology

survival value
fitness

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 Chapter1 3

1859
1872

socioecology sociobi-
ologyK. Lorenz N. Tin-
bergen K. von Frisch
1975 E. O. Wilson Sociobiology

inclusive fitness
kin selectionaltruistic behaviour
selfish gene

J. H.
Crook D. Lack
W. D. Hamilton J. Maynard Smith

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4

N. Tinbergen

R. H. MacArthur
MacArthur
optimality theoryevol-
utionarily stable strategy ESS

1973 K. Lorenz, N. Tinbergen K. von Frisch

1020
1990

1978 Behavioural Ecology

an Evolutionary Approach1984
1991 1981
An Introduction
to Behavioural Ecology 1982, 1983 1985
1987 1992

1984 4 1012 Reading 25

500
1985 34
93 7

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 Chapter1 5

1985
K. von Frisch18861982
1983 10 1719 Mainz

28

1991 8 2229 OTANI 22

13 13

Kyoto Sophia
Nagoya Osaka
Showa Niigata Osaka
Tokyo Chukyo
Musashi Miyazaki

1947
20

Behaviour1947
Animal Behaviour1953
British Journal of Animal Behaviour1953

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6

Insect Society1954
Behavioural Science1956
Experimental Journal of Animal Behaviour1963
Journal of Experimental Analysis to Behaviour
1964
Physiology and Behaviour1966
Brain, Behaviour and Evolution1970
Learning and Motivation1970
Advance of Behaviour1971
Behaviour Genetics1971
Learning and Behaviour of Animal1973
Applied Ethology1975
Animal Behavioural Process1975
Bird Behaviour1977
Behaviour, Ecology and Sociobiology
1977
Behaviour and Brain Science1978
Behaviour1978
Ethology and Sociobiology1980

1984 25
1984ad1985af1986ad1987ac1988ad1989ab1990a
b

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 Chapter1 7

19831985g1986eg1987de1989c1990d1991a
1990
1990c

ESS

1988, 19901988
1988

1989
1990
1981
1982198219871988

19901982
19831984
19871987

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8

13

19881990

1989 1985,
19861990
1986
1985
1988, 1990
1990

, 1981,
1983, 1986,1987
1983

1983
1981a, b

1990
1990
1994

1980
1990
1986

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 Chapter1 9

1979

1980a, b1980, 19811983, 1987

6
1987
1984
19861988
1981
19861988

1980
1986
1990

ESS

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10

Parcker Pusey1983Adaptations of female lions

to infanticide by in coming malesArnold1981
Behavioural variation in natural populationsWynne-
Edwards1986Evolution through group selection
Hogstedt1980Evolution of clutch size in birdsadaptive variation
in relation to territory quality
Bell1980The costs of reproduction and their consequences

ESS

ESS
ESS
ESS

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 Chapter1 11

Darkins ESS
Maynard Smith1982Evolution and the theory of games
Darkins1980Good strategy or evolutionarily stable strat-
egyODonad1982Population
genetics and fitness concept in sociobiology
Parker1982Phenotype-limited evolutionarily stable strategies
Andersson1982Sexual selection, natural
selection and quality advertisementParker
1983Arms race in evolutionan ESS to the opponent-independent costs
game ESSRubenstein1982Risk, un-
certainty and evolutionary strategyHammerstein
1982The asymmetric war of attrition

Clutton-Brock Harvey1984Comparative approaches to investigating

adaptationJarman1982Prospects for
interspecific comparisons in sociobiology
Damuth1981Population density and body size in mammals
Gattleman1983Behavioural ecology in
carnivores

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12

Kacelnik Cuthill1987Starlings and

optimal foraging theoryCharnov1976Optimal
foragingthe marginal value theorem Schoener
1983Simple models of optimal feeding-territoy sizea reconciliation
Hodges Wolf1981Optimal foraging
bumblebees why in nectar left behind in flowers
Lima1984Downy woodpecker foraging behaviourefficient samp-
ling in simple stochastic environmentsSnyderman
1983Optimal prey selectionthe effects of food deprivation
Kamil 1987Foraging behavior

search
image

Pietrewicz Kamil1981
Search image and detection of cryptic preyan operant approach

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 Chapter1 13

Sargent1981Antipredator adaptations of underwing mot-

hsSchlenoff1985The startle responses of blue
jays to Catocala prey models Erichsen
1980Optimal foraging and cryptic prey
Guilford1986Guilford1985Is kin selec-
tion involved in the evolution of warning coloration
Rothstein1975Evolutionary rates and host defences against
avian brood parasitism

pure exploita-
tion
ideal free distribution

Milinski1979An evolutionary
stable feeding strategy in sticklebacksMilinski
1984Competitive resource sharingan experimental test of a learning rule
for ESSsESSs Gill Wolf
1975Economics of feeding territoriality in the golden winged sunbird
Pyke1979The economics of territory size
and time budget in the golden-wined sunbird
Hixon 1983Territory area, flower density and time bud-
geting in hummingbirdsan experimental and theoretical analysis
Houston MacNamara1985
The choice of two prey types that minimises the probability of starvation
Harper1982Competitive foraging in
mallardsideal freeducksReed1982Inter-

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14

specific territoriality in the chaffinch and great tit

Bertram1980Vigil-
ance and group size in ostrichesPulliam Caraco
1984Living in groupsis there an optimal group size
Foster1985Group foraging by a coral reef fisha
mechanism for gaining access to defended resources
Galef Wigmore1983Transfer of information concerning distant foodsa
laboratory investigation of the information centre hypothesis
Pitcher 1982Fish in larger shoals find
food fasterElgar1986House spar-
rows establish foraging flocks by giving chirrup calls if the resource are divisible
Giraldeau Gillis1985Optimal group size can be
stablea reply to Sibly

game theory May-
nard Smith1982

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 Chapter1 15

Maynard Smith1982Evolution and the theory of

gamesPacke Pusey1982Cooperation and compe-
tition within coalitions of male lionskin selection or game theory
Krebs1982Territorial defence in the great tit
Austad1983A game theoretical interpretation of male combat
in the bowl and doily spider, Frontinella pyramitela bowl doily
Roskaft 1986The relationship between social status and
resting metabolic rate in great tits and pied flycatchers
Yasukawa Bick1983Dominance hier-
archies in dark-eyed juncosa test of a game theory model
Caldwell1985A test of individual recogni-
tion in the stomatopod, Gonodactylus festae

Fisher Trivers

Trivers1985Social evolutionEmlen 1986

Sex-ratio selection in species with helpers-at-the-nest
Alexander Borgia1979On the origin and basis of the male-fe-
male phenomenonChanov1982The the-
ory of sex allocationClutton-Brock 1982Red deer the
behaviour and ecology of two sexesMaynard Smith

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16

1980A new theory of sexual investmentNur

Hasson1984Phenotypic plasticity and the handicap principle
Sutherland Parker1985Distributoin of unequal com-
petitorsKodric-Brown1985 Female preference
and sexual selection for male colouration in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata

Gross Sargent1985The evolution of male and female parental care in fi-
shesGross Shine1981Parental care
and mode of fertilisation in ectothermic vertebrates
Wittenberger1980Group size and polygamy in social mammala
Askenmo1984Polygymy and
nest site selection in the pied flycatcher
Catchpole 1985The evolution of polygymy in the great reed warbler, Acro-
cephalus arudinaceusa possible case of deception
Davies Houston1986Reproductive success of dunnocks in a variable mating

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 Chapter1 17

system, . Conflicts of interest among breeding adults

Davies Lundberg1984
Food distribution and variable mating system in the dunnock, Prunella modularis
Christy 1984Ecology and evolution of
mating systems of fiddler crabsVca sp.

Hoogland1983
Nepotism and alarm calling in the black-taied prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus
Holmes Sherman1982The ontogeny
of kin recognition in two species of ground squirrels
Feare1984The starlingAxelrod1984The evol-
ution of cooperation Wilkinson1984Reciprocal
food sharing in the vampire bat Seyfarth Cheney

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18

1984Grooming, alliances and reciprocal altruism in vervet monkeys

Yom-Tov1980Intraspecific
nestparasitism in birds

Alcock 1977Male mating strategies in the bee, Centris

pallidaGross1985Disruptive selection for
alternative life histories in salmonGross1982
Sneakers, satellites and parentalspolymorphic mating strategies in North Americal
sunfishesBrockmann 1979Evol-
utionary stable nesting strategy in a digger wasp
Caro Bateson1986Ontogenetic analysis of alternative tactics
Cade Wyatt1984Factors effecing
calling behaviour in field cricketsCade1981
Alternative mate strategiesgenetic differences in crickets
Bull1980Sex determination in reptiles
Dunbar1983Intraspecific variations in mating strategy

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 Chapter1 19

Brown1987
Ecology and evolution of helping and communal breeding in birds
Woolfenden Fitzpatrick1984The florida scrub
jay Rabenold1984Cooperative enhancement of
reproductive success in tropical wren societies
Jarvis1981Eusociality in a mammalcooperative breeding in
naked mole rat coloniesKoenig 1984The
breeding system of the acorn woodpecker in central coastal California
Vehrencamp1978The adaptive significance of communal
nesting in groove-billed anis, Crotophaga sulcirostris
Reyer1980Flexible helper structure as an ecological adaptation in
the pied kingfisherFricke
1979Mating system, resource defence and sex change in the anemonefish,
Amphiprion akallopisosCharnov
1981Kin selection and helpers at the nesteffects of paternity and biparental
care

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20

ritualization

Enquist
1985Communication during aggressive interactions with particular reference
to variation in choice of behaviourSeyfarth 1980
Vervet monkey alarm callsevidence of predator classification and semantic com-
municationWiley1983The evolution of com-
municationinformation and manipulationCaryl
1982Animal signalsZahavi1979Ritualization
and the evolution of movement signalsMacNally
Young1981Song enevgetics of the bladder cicada, Cystosoma saundersii
Brown1982Ventriloquial and locatable vocalization
in birdsHunter Krebs1979Geogra-
phical variation in the song of the great titParus major in relation to ecological
factors

ESS

Barker 1982Sexual

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5I04

Behavioural Ecology

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