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Introduction
The Permo-Carboniferous Oslo Rift (Fig. 1),
situated in the southwestern part of the Fennoscand ian Shield, is an exceptional example of a highly magmati c rift initiated by a
passive rifting mechanism (Neumann et al.
1992) . By volume, the Oslo Rift magmatic
suite is dominat ed by pluto nic complexes. A
major part of the extrusive rocks has most
probably been removed by post-Permian
erosion (Ramberg & Larsen 1978, Zeck et
al. 1988). Although modest in volume, the
most diverse group of magmat ic rocks are
the dyke and sill intrusions which include
several rock types that have no counterparts among the plutonic or volcanic rocks.
In spite of their obvious importance in the
magmati c evolution of the Oslo Rift, little
modern petrolog ical or geochemical work
has been dedicated to these intrusions since the pioneer investigations by W.C . Broqger (Broqqer 1887, 1894 , 1898, 1932,
1933b, 1933c, Scether 1947, Dons 1952,
Carstens 1959 , Hasan 1971 , Huseby 1971 ,
Samuelsson 1971 , Kresten et al. 1982) .
26
LE3END
o
MESOZOIC &
CENOZOIC ROC KS
SARNA
\
,,
,
::1" '.\,\.
\
, , r\
. .......
.. . . . . . . .
c=J
'\' ,
\ \.\
.\
\
OTHER FAULT S
\
\
\
50
1 ,:
I
/" "
,/
/~~
,,
,,
,
1--[
Y /
I './
... ... ~ ,
Arend al
/
/
~
Kr i s~ian
san d
- /
I
I
. \
-
//
.
---- - -- ~~-- ~\ ....-,~ , ' , ~ \I /~5
'' ~--"
,
---
TZ
,
,,
,
,
,
,
,,
, ,1
..
'
,
,,
''''
',
~J
l.
,l.
......
,c::;r \..
. ,,:~ ....
" ,
" .
' , ""
1; '___
\
-.;:: N
~:
/
.
'
'\'
' _~
............ ......
'-
............
I
I
I,
I
.--......~
..... ......
.. .....
..... _
~
t; ~
',
t;;._
t.
:-.....
C~
,.
I
"'"
DE N M ARK :-~' ~.
c .
-'!,
":) ~
"
'~
'-
"
- ..
.,
,
-;
,....
'1 \
\'
, ,
...... ......
.-;:\
'
..
' (
, ..' . .
, f'.. " ,
'N
....
"
"
I '
,
,
,
,,
I
I
"
\
\
<> ;
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~ "
Cl
, :.
Copenhagen
(j
"
r'
'.
\ " ....;(
. .:-- "';.
-,
-.
..-
'
-'\ ',-'
- ..:,. .
-.
'.,
Fig. 1. Geological map of the Oslo Rift, Norway and related areas in SW Sweden. (Bedrock geology in offshore areas and Denmark
deleted). Offshore structural elements after Ro et al. (1990a). BB : Bamble block, OB : Ostfold block, OG : Oslo Graben, SG : Skagerrak Graben, TZ : Tornquist zone. 1 : Grimstad dyke, 2 : Raft6tAngen dyke, 3 : Val6n dyke, 4 : Hunneberg sill, 5 : Kinneku lle sill, 6:
Billingen sill, 7 : Torpa kJint dyke.
27
t
,,
,,
,
I
I
I
I
./
KB
LEGEN D
o
0 0 0
SYENITE DYKE
DOLER ITE DYK E
RP DYKE
PLUTONIC ROCKS
CALDERAS
LA VAS
LOWER PALAEOZOIC
SEDIMENTS
ITIIJD)
CALEDO NIAN
NAPPE S
CJ
PRECAMBRIAN
ROC KS
FAULTS &
FAULT ZONES
Fig. 2. Geological map of the Oslo Graben showin g the major dykes and dyke swarm s. AGS : Akershus graben segment,
BB : Bamble block, KB : Kongsberg block, 0B : 0stfold block, VGS : Vestfo ld graben segment. 1 : Tonsasen dyke, 2 : Bagn.Adal
dyke, 3 : Mjonda lenEtnedal dyke, 4 : Katfoss dyke, 5 : Nakkerud dyke. 6 : Roa dyke , 7: Bjonvika dyke, 8 : Brandbu dyke, 9 : Gran
dyke, 10 : Jevnaker dyke , 11 : Nesodden dyke, 12 : Ekeberg dyke, 13: Tyvholmen dyke , 14 : Storhaug dyke , 15 : Raftiitangen dyke.
28
older dykes of basaltic and syenitic compositions (see below) are frequently discontinuous along strike and may be off-set in an
en echelon manner. Indications of forceful
emplacement have also been noted among
some ultrabasic dykes (Kresten et al. 1982).
A large majority of the dykes have strikes
falling between NE-SW and NW-SE, the
most common (approximate) trends being
NNW-SSE, N-S, NNE-SSW and NE-SW
(Srether 1945, 1946, 1947, 1962, Dons
1952, Huseby 1971). However, irregular
trends are also observed.
Many dykes, especially those of rhornb-porphyry (RP), syenite and quartz-porphyry
types, are composite, generally with a more
basic compos ition along one or both borders (Bragger 1932, Antun 1964, Oftedahl
1957, Samuelsson 1967, Hasan 1971). A
large number of the diabase and lamprophyre dykes are heavily altered, and in most
cases this alteration is considered to be
auto-metamorphism associated with late- or
post-intrusive processes in the dyke (Srether 1947). Some lamprophyre (kersantite)
dykes northeast of Oslo look very fresh
(Naterstad 1978).
A few dykes and sills contain xenoliths.
Older basaltic sills from the Sande area
contain xenoliths of mafic cumu lates (Bragger 1933b). Some mafic dykes from the
Oslo area carry inclusions of basement
rocks, mostly fragments of gneisses of
upper crustal origin (Backstrorn 1890). No
mantle xenolith has yet been identified.
Several lamprophyre dykes are known to
conta in ocelli, xenocrysts and/or amygdales
(Bragger 1898, Carstens 1958, 1959), and
orbicular textures have also been recorded
(Bryhni and Dons 1975).
One lamprophyre dyke from the Bamble
area deserves special attention as it contains vesicles filled with hydrocarbons, possibly acquired from Lower Palaeozoic
(Cambrian) sediments (Dons 1975). A syenite sill at the southern end of lake Mjasa
(Fig. 2), intruded into Cambrian sediments
and older syenitic sills, contains topaz and
beryl (Goldschmidt 1911).
29
30
In the Scania area (Fig. 1), dolerite and lamprophyre dykes occur. The dolerites are
tholeiitic in compos ition, and the lamprophyres mostly camptonitic (Hjelmqvist 1940).
The age of the dolerites has been determined by the K-Ar isochron method to 300 4
Ma (Klingspor 1976). Among the basic
dykes of Scania, Sweden, one dyke of syenitic composition has been discovered
(Hjelmqvist 1940). Field evidence and paleomagnet ic data indicate that the lamprophyre dykes may be somewhat younger than
the dolerites (Hjelmqvist 1940, Mulder
1970, Bylund 1974). All dykes in Scania
Within the rift zone, in the eastern Skagerrak (north of Jutland), Floden (1973) has
reported a possible occurrence of small
magmatic bodies intruded into Mesozoic
sediments. Otherwise, little evidence of
post-Perm ian magmatism (or tectonism)
has been demonstrated.
. ------- _. ----------------------- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _.
Sample
The T-1 sample of the dolerite dyke at Tonsasen (Fig. 2; Goldschmidt 1909) gave a
mineral age of 2979 Ma. Additional whole
rock samples from the same dyke (T-1band
T-2, Table 1) also fitted the mineral isochron. However, the apatite fraction from
the T-1 sample did not fit the isochron. The
isochron yielded a 87Srf86Sr initial ratio of
.70672:t5 (Table 3), and the apatite
.70493:t6 (Table 1). The Bjonvika and
Brandbu dolerite dykes (Fig. 2; Brogger
1933b) were not dated, nor were the dolerite sills from Vasterqotland, Sweden; only
31
ppm Rb
TonsAsen
T-l a wrT-lb wrT-2 wr
T- l a f s1
T-l a ep
T- la fs2
T- la fs3
T-la p xl
ppa Se
1045.5
11 42 .5
11 23 .3
T-la f s4
T-la f s 5
33 .1
32 .9
33 .5
11 6 . 8
1.1
6 5 .1
4 9. 8
6. 3
7 .0
52 . 4
123.6
Bjonv ika
BV-l
T-la p x2
6 15 . 2
536 .0
612. 4
3 17 . 8
" Rb/" Sr
" Sr/Msc
. 15 5 8'
. 17 7 6 '
. 7 0 7 4 2 1:7
. 7 0 7 5 2 1:6
.7075 41:8
. 1 5 8 1'
1 . 0 63 6'
. 0 0 3 1'
. 1 64 8 '
. 7 11 3 7 1 8
. 70 49 316
.7073318
138 .9
. 12 8 4
.131 4 '
159 .3
. 12 67 '
921.5
220 .0
. 1 6 4 6'
1 .6272'
36.7
6 17 . 7
. 17 18 9
70512~5
2.9
69 5. 3
.0 1206
. 70 508.!5
42. 1
Brandbu
RH-l
. 7 0 7 2 7 1:4
. 7 0 7 3 1: 7
. 7 0 7 3 0 :. .1 0
. 7 0 7 3 8 .1. 4
. 7 13 4 3 11 0
ve r on (BohusUln )
BG-3
697. 4
. 17 460
.70483 !4
( Vc'lstergOtland)
23 . 1
443 . 7
. 1 50 6 2
. 7 0 7 2 5 .15
. 0 7 20 0
70 4 43~5
Klnnekulle ( V3 s te rg Otla nd )
S K-l
20 8 .2
50 7 . 2
1.18803
. 7 1 11 8 ! 5
Nesodd tangen
NT- l ap
NT-1 fs1
NT-1 wr
NT-1 fs2
3.5
135 .0
10 6 . 4
96 . 8
878. 5
35 8. 4
3 87 . 0
4 28 . 6
. 0 11 5'
1.0901 '
. 7 9 5 4'
. 6 53 6'
.7053705
. 7 0 9 7 5! 9
. 7 0 8 7 l.t.9
. 70803.6
Bag n -Adal
SP -l wr
SP-l afs
SP -1 f s 1
SP -1 fs3
S P- 1 p x1
SP-l px2
SP -l f s 2
2 3 3. 9
4 87 . 0
2 3 9.9
95. 4
37 . 9
4 9. 7
224 . 3
211.1
10 4 .1
791.6
193 .2
41. 4
7 2 .3
289. 1
3.2117'
13. 60 5 1'
. 87 76'
1. 4 3 0 1'
2 .6524 '
1 .989 1'
2.2 483'
727 4l.t.8
76560~8
.71892.1.7
. 7 2 114 .!9
72619~7
. 72332!6
72 432~9
3 07 .3
344 .0
12 9 . 4
92 .0
1 .5056'
. 9 8 19 '
2 .7133 '
6 .5507 '
. 7 13 00!l0
. 7 10 9 5 tl O
.71733 17
73172~10
Grlmstad
GG-l wr
GG-1 rnx
GG- 1 f e n
492 .3
3 4 6. 6
857.6
. 7 930'
1 . 3 3 3 6'
. 19 3 5'
. 7 0 7 6 7 .1. 5
. 7 0 9 7 2 .1. 8
. 7 0 5 2 l.t. 5
55 0 .5
58 0 .3
8 46.8
44 9 . 4
9 78.2
57 4. 3
. 5260'
. 50 0 9 '
.23 5 6'
.8500'
. 13 4 0 '
. 5879'
. 7 0 63 l.t. 9
.7062 H 4
. 7 0 52816
.7076 415
. 70 48 h 5
.706601 4
Hu nne be rg
HV-2
13 4 . 9
159 .7
57 . 4
RaftOtAn g e n ( Doh us la n)
BG-1 mx
10 0. 1
BG- 1 wr
100 .5
BG-1 fen
69 .0
BR-2 wr
132.0
BR~2 f s 1
45. 3
BR- 2 f s 2
116 .7
M j ~ nd a l e n - E t n e d a l
GB-1
GB- lb
GB- 2
GB-3
GB- 4
GB-5
GB-7
GB-9
GB-10
GB-16
GB-18
GB-19
GB- 2 1
GB-22a
GB- 2 2 b
GB-23
GB-24
GB-2 5
GB- 26
GB- 31
105.8
35. 1
9 3. 9
9 4. 6
71.8
116.1
148.3
15 4.5
146.2
125 .5
5 9. 5
151. 9
119 . 4
77 . 1
73.2
7 2. 4
169.7
160 .7
132 .3
60 .0
6 50. G
3 54 . 1
41 8 . 9
39 6 . 4
3 14 . 6
40 8 . 9
3 6 6 .9
3 56.8
369 . 1
3 9 1. 4
470 . 9
376 . 4
4 23. 8
4 7 8 .3
4 3 9. 8
4H .2
4 3 1.7
40 7. 7
44 6 . 8
3 63 . 4
. 470 6
. 2 8 68
. 648 6
. 6 90 2
. 6 60 5
.8213
1.169 4
1. 2535
1. 14 6 3
.9277
. 3 657
1 .1679
. 8 1 52
. 46 67
. 4 817
. 4751
1.1 3 7 7
1. 14 03
. 856 5
.477 7
.70919.1.7
. 7 0 84 7 1 8
70970~6
. 70 77 215
.7100h8
. 7 0 8 2 9 17
. 70 93 h 9
. 7 0 9 8 9 .1. 9
. 7 0 9 1 41 9
70863~9
. 7 0 7 74 19
70925 ~5
70832~6
. 7 11 3 9 . 9
. 7 11 5 7 18
. 7 11 5 11 9
.70925 t 9
. 7 0 9 2 5 .!4
.70 809 . 9
. 714 7 217
. 7 13 60 17
.7 4681 t8
. 7 14 22 .!8
.8109 8t l0
. 7 0 8 0 7 19
.7 1060 !.10
? 103 1.!7
~ ~4;~r l e)
32
Ta b l e
1 ( con t. )
GD-l)
.cs
fs2
GB- I) fsl
206 . 9
ce-ra
43 .9
305. 2
13 . 6 9 ~1 '
.7S790 !.6
?OS 42:!9
.70578 !.B
33. 8
75 . 7
6 91. 6
cu-u w c
H. 6 .1
4 7. n . ~
l.t:t lC
CO -12 wc
169.3
175 .9
175. 0
44 7. S
21 0 .7
1 . 0 94 5
I. 2 2 5 2
1 . 194 ) '
. 2 5 49 '
3.1990 '
. 337 7
. 3 682
.70S 64.!.7
. 4887
.70613 18
.8225'
1.2720'
. 1371 '
1.1030
. 7 0 7 0 6! 6
?OBOJ ! "
. 70,H 6 .!.8
. 2530'
. 316 ~ '
K""Il( O o; ~
GO-IS wc
GO- 14 vr
CR-I 4
CO- 14
..
fen
73 . 4
232.8
Ne kkc rud
NA -l
78 .1
4 15 . 5
42 3 . 9
03 2. 7
IIIA-2
67 .1
669. 1
527 .1
"''-'-3
9 1. 0
538 .9
16 1. 2
17 5.1
567.0
398 .3
13 0 7. 6
TG- I
..
HC-l
wc
Tyvholmcn
TG-l wc
TG-1
f en
62 .0
189. 3
E:k c be c 9
EO-l
ED -2
49 6 . 5
"ORZ9 !.6
.7082J .!.8
. 70880:7
. 7 0 8 71 .!.S
? OSO)!2
. 716?4 .!.?
?O??? .!.?
152.7
160.8
1 54 . 9
I hl . O
15 8 . 3
47 8 . 7
.0 2 50
. 9 71 8
531 .5
. 84 32
49 6 . 7
549 . 1
.9 381
.8338
.70 6 9 9 .19
Ekebc cQ C_ l nc c a lR)
ED-5 wc
15 3 . 7
ED-6 w c
15 6 . 1
E85
175.5
EO- 5 fen
89 .9
407 . 7
5 20 .9
299 .4
11 31.0
.91 17 '
. 067 0
1 . 69 63"
. 2 29 9 "
. 7 0 72 0.!.3
. 7 0 71713
. 7 103 4.!.5
.70467!.5
EO-J
0 - 4
0 -7
m.
535 . 5
. 70696 1 9
. 7 0 7 69 .!.9
.7070 Z.!.?
.7073 S!6
Ro.
nel w c
Ile -l m.
ne 1 {e n
19 4 .3
2 40 .7
50. 1
70 0.6
370. 3
1 ( 5 1). 0
. 7 1t}9 '
1 .114 21)'
. 10 13 '
. 7 0 6 60 1 7
. '/1 10 7 1 6
.70 43 116
a e vn e k c r
RG2
15 0 . 9
3 4 1 .5
1.3 46 42
. 70 9 2 2 13
16 6 . 0
6 3? O
. 75U60
'/061)2 13
11)0.6
38 4 .0
17. 5
195 .5
2 24. 3
16 5 . 9
8 .5
4.5
4. 8
7. 4
' .2
21. 6
6 6 . 0 5 67 '
269 . 63 6 9 '
10. 63 1 2 "
79. 11 5 5'
161. 4 6 6 7 '
2 2. 3 50 6'
t o ve
63.0
8 4 4.7
Cr ."lo
UC- 3
Stoch,'1ug
cn-r
wc
GR-l
GR-l
CR!
GR-l
CR -l
. fs
p'
ls2
f sl
fs 3
Po c sg cunn 0,
00 69
.?Jn9 4 .!.8
1 . 6 6 7 33.!.1 0
. 7 4 59 0 17
.98879 1 4
J . 2U0 6 3.!.1 0
.70896 11 0
. 2157
.70"'19 15
. 1 50 0 2
. 7 0 3 9 8 .!.3
Di qnes gabbro
0-2
5 6 .9
Ion . I
::::~ SYEN,TE
;
:::=::
~~.;
PlUTON$
I/)
~
'C
O...Gl ~;i;i;i&;;;L..-.&.-"""'-'~~~"""'~:---1
.0
300
:1: . ~~~RITE
Discussion
~lLS
LAVAS
~;n~ ~~~RA
::J
l:
33
RPDYKES
$ YENITE
;';:i.~ ,
DYKE
'GRORUC1TE'
',':',:"; DYKE
240
34
l'a b l e 2 .
Sample
GU BULL 4 2 5 . 1993
PP'" Nd
Ul Sm / 1USd
Tons Asen
T- la
11. 67
53 .01
. 13 <OB
.512665,5
10 .09
53 .2 4
. 1 15 42
.512618 ::5
B. B<
<6 . 63
. 115<9
.5 12629 '5
Bjonvl k a
BV - l
Bra nd bu
RH-l
ve Lo n ( Boh u s 13 n)
B9.71
. 1 20 56
. 5 1 2 <6 2 ' 5
6 G-3
17 . BO
. 137 4 5
. 5 12 3 8 7 : 5
. 1 57 0
. 5 12 666 ' 5
. 1 3 5 Bl
.512 40 4::5
Bagn - Adal
SP -l
lB.90
106 .1B
. 10 6 < 1
.5125<2'5
103.00
. 10 152
. 5 12 589 : 5
73.37
Grimstad
GG-l
17.17
l-': jQ nd a l e n - E t ne d a l
G6 - 3
GB-2 4
13.03
6.15
6. <0
17.60
17.97
<2 . 0 2
96.16
96.62
.10 6 1 7
. 11 6 6 1
. 121 66
. 11 272
.11 29 6
. 5 1 2 63 5 ' 5
.512670'5
.512662 '5
. 5 1 2 6<1' 5
.5126 4h5
Katf o s s
GB-l 4
17.39
105 .13
. 10 0 6 9
. 5 1 2 6 3 9 .15
20 .65
121 .35
. 10 <63
.512676 '5
Y7 .6
. 10025
.512661'5
25.13
136.70
. 11 0 32
. 51 2649 , 5
RG-3
27 . <2
1 54. <2
. 10 61 3
. 5 1 2 67 6 ' 5
Ek e berg
8- 5
2 1.52
125.10
. 5 1 269
. 5 1 2 6 9< , 5
7 .66
56 .36
.10171
.51 25 58 :5
Digne s ga bb ro
0- 2
16 .3 6
99 .0 4
. 11 305
. 51275 5 .15
GB- 4
G6 -6
G6 -13
41 . 76
T yvho l me n
TG- l
Roa
RG- l
16 .1
Jevnaker
RG-2
Gr an
Po r s g r u n n B I lava
0 6 -69
faults have earlier been suggested by several authors (Cloos 1928, Stermer 1935)
from structural analyses of secondary
faults. The evidence presented above supports the notion that such movements are
important tectonic elements in the early
phase of rift development (Sundvoll & Larsen 1993).
Multiple dyke intrusions
Two of the larger RP dykes, the Ekeberg
dyke situated southeast of Oslo (Fig. 2),
and the Mjemdalen-Etnedal dyke situated in
the northward continuation of the VGS
(Figs. 2 and 5), were sampled to test the
isotopic homogeneity across and along strike. The results from the Ekeberg dyke, also
investigated by Walder (1985), will be presented in a separate publication. However,
the relevant basic conclusion from that study is that the 1-2 m border-zone of this 25 m
thick dyke invariably displays higher
87Srf86Sr isotopic ratios than the central parts
of the dyke implying contamination by the
wall-rock (Lesher 1990). In order to obtain
representative results, the sampling of the
RP dykes discussed in this paper, were performed accordingly.
ci5
35
GB-8:
. 75
CD
eo
-.::
. eo
T = 275 : 3 Ma
Cl)
"eo . 74
.eo
1= .70994 : 10
. 73
T= 275:4 Ma
PX2PI~O//
.~
pxr
. 75
20
10
:wr
o wr
. 71
1= .7044 9 : 12
/'
" fs1
fs2
. 70 ~_ _.....I
"""'
~_ _~ ~_ _~ _ - "
10
87Rb/86S r
36
. 715
....
. . ..
.. ...
.. . ..
. . ..
.. .. .. .... .... .. ... .... .. ..
.. ...
.. .
en
~
Cl)
...
0)
9 .........
710
2425 ."..
.. .
16
13
26
= 275 Ma
. 705
....1..
.1
---lI...-......._
........_"""-........----'
.B
3~.
most segment the dyke rock is more phenocryst-rich than that in the southernmost segment, and far more phenocryst-rich than in
that of the central segment. The dyke rock
of the central and southern segments exhibits relatively large, rounded phenocrysts,
whereas that of the northern segment displays rhomb-shaped phenocrysts.
Sr and Nd isotopic variation
The relationship among the radiogenic isotopes in the magmatic rocks of the Oslo Rift
have been studied by Neumann et al.
(1988), Anthony et al. (1989) and Neumann
et al. (1990). These studies concluded that
the primary magmas of the Oslo Rift igneous province may have originated in two different source regions in the mantle lithosphere. The mantle source of the majority of
the magmatic rocks (here called Oslo mantle source: OMS) is characterised by Es, s -5,
E Nd ~ 4 and 206Pbf04 Pb > 19.2 (Neumann et
al. 1988). Strongly silica-undersaturated
basalts from the Skien area (here called the
Skien mantle source, SMS), show Esr < -10,
2 > E Nd > 1 and 206Pb/ 204 Pb > 20.5 (Anthony
et al. 1989). The OMS is comparab le to the
PREMA (prevalent mantle) and the SMS is
similar to the HIMU (hiqh-u) sources of
Zindler & Hart (1986). However, most samples hitherto analysed yielded higher E Sr
and lower E d values than the OMS source,
/
/
/
/
I
I
37
Tabl e 3. Tb- Sr age determ inations , " Sr/"Sr initial ratios. E. and E.., values based on tables 1 and 2. MSDW =,; < IX' / (N-2) > whe re X = (" SrI"Sr) _"" (" SrI"Sr) __~ , N= number of samples. Assumed ages are based on Sundvoll & Larsen (1990) and Priem et
al. (1975).
MSDW
Rock unit
Dolerite dykes and sills
Tonsasen
297 9
Bjonvika
(300)
(300)
Brandbu
Hunneberg cl )
( 30 0 )
Billingen d )
( 30 0 )
Kinnekulle d )
(300 )
0.70672 5
1. 25
2.8
2.7
2.8
-2 .8
1.9
-2.4
Ultramafic dyke
Va Lori
( 3 0 0)
b)
0.70 533 10
0. 715 3 2 20
1.04
1. 98
0.70446 12
0. 70 4 29 9
1. 62
0.6 9
0.70994 10
0.70449 12
2.18
0.91
0.70402 6
1. 36
0.70391 1 6
0.70379 9
0.70391 11
0 .30
1.09
0.14
261 6
0.70733 22
0.70856 92
RP dykes
Gri mstad
2 81 11
Ra f tot a ngen b )
2 7 5 12
Gjuvet ( GB-3) a )
(275)
Sokna ( GB- 4) a)
( 2 7 5)
Huken ( GB- 6) e )
275 3
275 4
Amot ( GB- 13) a )
Mjltlndalen (GB-24 )al (275 )
Katfoss
276 6
Nakkerud
( 27 5)
Tyvholmen
271 10
Ekeberg
2 72 7
Roa
273 7
Jevnaker
(273)
Gran
(273)
Syenite dyke
To r p a k lint c l
-.9 -0.8
16.6
158 . 4
1.2
4
3
1
1
4. 1
1.7
11. 9
46.2
81.8
4.7
8.9
-2.2
:::: 0 . 4
-4.2
- 6.0
-3.9
-2.6
-2.5
0. 49
44.6
1.68
61. 8
.3
3
6
1
1
4 /6 11
4
1
6
3
3 / 4 11
2.2
1.9
2.9
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.8
3 .2
3.8
4.2
3.7
3.4
3.7
Porsgrunn Bl lava
OB-69
(29 5)
-12.1
1.8
Dignes gabbro
D- 2
( 266 )
-11.0
5.0
a)
b)
cl _
d)
Scania, Sweden
Vastergotland, Sweden
5 /6 means 5 of 6 analysed samples are u s ed to def i ne the
isochron.
38
:I
OMS
:~~
\
- - - -- .
t,
. _
I,
2 ~ '\.
"'0
Z
W
-,
--
' '--P.c
-20
40
60 _80
ESr
Fig. 7. Sr and Nd isotopic relations among the Oslo nil dykes.
Shaded area: area covered by Oslo Rill igneous rocks. OMS:
Oslo mantle source. SMS: secondary mantle source. f1 & 12:
in-situ fluid interaction mixing trends. UC: mixing trend between
OMS and a southern Scandinavian upper crustal sources
(Neumann et al. 1988). MC: mixing trend between OMS and a
middle crustal sources (Neumann et al. 1988). LC: mixing
trend between SMS and a lower crustaI source. Filled circles RP dykes; crosses - dolerite dykes and sills; filled square ullramafic dyke; filled triangles - gabbro and basalt; open square - per-alkaline granite dyke
crustal fluids during or shortly after emplacement, similar to what has been observed
in oth er dykes (Patchett et al. 1979); or it
could be explained as an incomplete mixing
as envisaged by Lesher (1990). The uncont.aminated magma source would fit a mixingline between the OMS and a mid-crustal
compone nt (see below). In-situ contamination is clearly indicated by the Sr-isotope disequilibrium betwee n the apatite fraction and
the other minerals in the Tonsase n dyke
(Table 1). As apatite was most probably an
early crystallising mineral, it may have gained the Sr isotopic signature of the original
magma, wh ereas the later minerals aquired
an i n ~ u t of radiogen!c 87Sr from interacting,
most likely crustal tluids,
The dole rite sills from Hunneberg and Kinnekulle (vasterqotlan d) fall on a mixing
trend similar to the 'Vestfold' trend . The
dole rite sill from Billingen , on the other
hand , has a higher Nd (1.9), and thus
seems more pristine. The differe nce in E Nd
betwee n these samples is also reflected in
their chemistry. The Kinnekulle sample
(from the border-zone?) is a quartz-basaltic
andesite and the Hunneberg sample a
quartz-tholeiite, whereas the Billingen sample is an olivine-tholeiite.
The ultramafic dyke from Valon (Bohuslan)
may belong either to a mixing-trend beween
OMS and a crustal component with a E s,
value of 0 - 50, (a lower crustal source), or it
could represent mixing between a moreO E sr
negative primary magm a, like the SMS, and
a middle or lower crusta l compo nent. Petrographically and chemically this rock is a
picrite (Kresten et al. 1982), and because of
its very primitive composition we believe the
second hypothesis to be the most probab le.
Anthony et al. (1989) have specu lated that
the SMS in the Porsgrunn area may represent a depleted mantl e modified by the 550
Ma Fen magmati sm, which is situated close
by. However, the possible identification of a
similar mantle source in the Bohuslan area
would suggest a much wider extent for the
SMS source .
The RP dykes can be divided into two
groups acco rding to their Sr and Nd isotopic
behaviour (Fig. 7):
39
Conclusions
Rb-Sr isochron ages obtained on the Oslo
Rift dykes all fall within the previously established time span of the rift-related magmatism: 305-240 Ma.
The dykes show clear relationships between composition, age and geographic location. The oldest group, emplaced about 300285 Ma ago, consists of tholeiitic dolerites
and microsyenites from the Valdres-Adal
and Hadeland areas, and microsyenites
from the Oslo area. A second group consists of c. 280-270 Ma old RP dykes occurring in widely different parts of the rift: Bamble area, Bohuslan (SW Sweden), AGS and
the Mjondalen-Adal-Etnedal area. The third
group is represented by a peralkaline microgranite dyke from the Nittedal caldera that
has yielded an age of about 250 Ma, compatible with a possible association with the
late alkali-syenite (nordmarkite) intrusions in
the area.
The pattern of intrusion among the first
group of dykes indicates that strike-slip
movements occurred during the earliest
phase of the rift evolution. The RP dykes of
the second group are temporally associated
with their plutonic counterparts. This fact
indicates that they are not associated with
the plateau RP lava eruptions as previously
thought. The dykes of the third group, with
chemical and petrographic relations to plutonic intrusions, are both spatially and temporally connected with the emplacement of
their plutonic equivalents (Iarvikites).
RP dykes show large isotopic heterogeneities with respect to the Rb-Sr system. The
Mjondalen-Etnedal RP dyke shows at least
three separate intrusion pulses along its
strike, all with different initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios.
Along-strike multiple intrusion has not previously been noted in the dykes of the Oslo
Region.
The Sr - Nd isotopic relationship of the investigated dykes falls within the range covered by the other Oslo Rift magmatic rocks.
40
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Manuscript received February 1993: revised m/s June 1993: accepted Aug ust 1993