Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Number 67
ISBN 0 85 272242 7
Keyworth, Nottingham
1995
INTRODUCTION
Background
The Cordillera Real Project, planned by the British
Geological Survey and undertaken by Ecuadorian and
British geologists during the period 1986-1993, was a
bilateral Technical Co-operation Programme between
the governments of Ecuador (Instituto Ecuatoriano de
Mineria-INEMIN, now renamed Corporaci6n de Desar
rollo e Investigaci6n GeoI6gico-Minera-Metalurgica
CODIGEM, Ministry of Energy and Mines) and the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
(Overseas Development Administration-ODA).
ODA participation in geological development projects
in Ecuador began in 1969 and the first residential
mission was established in Quito in 1972. On completion
of this earlier phase of work in 1980, five ODA geoscien
tists and their Ecuadorian coun terparts had carried ou[ a
programme of systematic geological mapping and
mineral investigation over western Ecuador \\'hich
resulted in the publication of four 1:25 000 scale: four
1:50 000 scale; 51 1: 100 000 scale geological map sh el'
and a revised 1:1 000000 scale national geolog ical map .
"'i~IIIT
'\
"\
'--.
"I
La Florida
"' I
../
/'
PJfr!l'ij'est..
I ,(l C; 11 iO Il roap.
~U
rn!
-0
:r.
~ "
Z
~ -\
-\
::D
'Tl
-U
C
--l
CJ)
o I
\....'-..-
.' @ flUAOUILLAS
PACIFIC OCEAN
Q)
/}
,.,.."
DreaM'
'.
V.lfl~
Hom105o
Azul
.. Cerro
~~. _
"c a
"
<:"
-"-"'}
-~(~
"-.
'-.,
;;:-
l ."paC"h
~P");"
,,-:',
"
Cerro Chillacocha
...
"'"
~)
'
~\0~/\
caPllo ~
~.
\---.
,-.
"-J
..,
/:/ -
79'30 '
LU; S
~"
"-i
JrJ
(
,
e
EI Ci
10km
Metamorphic Complex
\,
\~''1'1.
~~ -:l'3
~, "
.~
\~
./1 , )
')
')
('
',-
Outcrop of EI Oro
'
1' -
~"r.lU
.....,.. /1..,.._1
. ~""J
'-'
~
\
:'",.m,""
-fl
'.--,,, - -~
,.~
.... .-~
, ( ,J sanRDque .r;
MorgmOlll
")
r.'flll AIII'
p. . O ~aSde
~ O::;;~'1
I \ -.-.
'.
i'" ------- ~-
p~~;
. J U B 0
_ '-....- , I~
\\
H"a:I1o
. ...""" Joarllll"
~j"'''~
"~
/ ,."
,.
rI
""
'-',
<J:)
<J:)
-'
G'>
-.J
!'
;0
c::
V'l
?"
t'%\
:!:
R"
0
r
('l
t'%\
;;i
Table 1
Mar
STATIOr-; M.\RCABELI
190.0
31.8
max.
540.4
286.3
73.6
555.3
322.6
41.0
674.4
149.0
2.6
377.5
148.4
237.0
88.8
HI.O
Jan
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
OCl
Nov
Dec
275,7
107.7
40.6
7.8
9.4
71.1
21.4
30.2
117.4
40.0
682.9
303.6
208.4
46.9
31.1
51.1
91.0
187.4
7429
17.8
11.3
.0
23.5
24.8
15.1
7.6
24.6
300.5
113.9
34.7
252.5
73.5
17.9
149.0
307.4
106.3
552.3
221.8
37.8
484.2
108.9
25.4
6.8
6.5
25.7
336.2
99.1
27.5
35.6
107
STATIO",
max.
212.4
48.5
361.1
108.0
40.5
1.9
143.3
156.1
142.9
5.4
347.2
22.9
22.4
23.4
23.1
22.6
23.6
20.6
23.4
21.9
20.6
23.1
TEMPERATURE
STATION MARCAllF:LI
avg.
23.2
mlll.
23.2
max.
23.2
24.2
23.8
24.5
24.2
23.7
24.5
23.2
23.2
23.2
22.7
22.7
22.7
23.2
22.0
24.4
22.8
22.0
23.6
22..l
21.4
22.9
22.2
22.2
22.2
22.2
22.0
22.5
25.9
25.3
26.8
26.3
25.8
26.8
26.4
25.7
27.3
26.0
25.7
26.6
25.3
25.5
24.2
26.2
26.1
25.0
24.2
26.2
26.0
24.3
19.9
23.2
21
20.3
22.6
21.5
20.7
22.1
21.4
20.5
22.3
20.0
22.2
21.7
20.2
22.9
22.2
21.3
2'3.2
22.4
21.8
23.7
STATION
max.
21.2
19.6
21.9
20.4
23.2
Divisi6n de Informatica
in
coverage
also exists for the western
area and can be
obtained from Centro de
Integrado de
Recursos ~aturales
Remotos (CLIRSEN),
Quito. The 1:100
base map used in
this study was prepared b,
since topographic
maps at this scale are
una\ailable in Ecuador.
Due to its situation close to the
Peru much of the El Oro Proyince is
The purchase of maps etc.,
western part of the
must be
letters of permission from the
Immediately to the east
road
1), there is an 'exclusion' zone.
per
mission must be obtained to enter this area from the mili
in both Quito and the provincial
\1achala.
This
ber 1
Figure 2
Summary of
stratigraphic
nomenclature.
:5
Metamorphosed in
Late Triassic
GEOLOGYOF SCB-PROVINCE I
Tahuin semi-pelitic division
The Tahuin di,"ision consists of a variably metamor
phosed, semi-pelitic sequence that shows a r a pid
increase in me tamorphic grade from south to north and
is named after the Cordillera of Tahuin , a general name
applied to the higher elevations in the weste rn part of
the El Oro Prm"ince hing to the south of the va ll eys of
the Rios Naranjo / Arenillas"'. It forms an east-west-strik
ing, 10-20 km-\\ide belt that can be traced continuously
for about 80 km fr0111 the PerLl bord e rland in the west,
eastwards into the [1 Cisne area. The division has been
\~'here
appropria te I OC ~ll io Il pl.ltt> r i 'el 1I .1I 11l"\ u sed in the text and
those afLer which th e di,"i sio n, IlIll h \ le .I "~ n am ed are indica te d in
Figure 1. Grid references (l i \ U refer tu indi,; du a l 1;;")0 000
topographic sheets which are ind t" ~l" d "" Iht' dcco lllp<lming
geological map.
Pre-existing nomenclature
(based mainly on Feininger, 1978)
I""i(.l
If)
::>
ow
<.)
<t:
f
W
a:
<.)
~ E
pelites, garnet schists, eclogites
~ u.. ~ and bluesch ists
cr:
e'g,
1l Kth
serpentinised harzburgites
w ~
OJ:
~~ ~
Pm quartz diorite and alaskite
Q) .:
",a..
2
Q)
~u::g~
"''''
-'(5
<.)
6
N
o
granod iorite
I -- --r-1-.,---
-I
Pt 3
::i
<t:
CL
6"
a:
0::
<t:
Q
W
Pt 3-apl itic gneisses, granites,
::>
a
o
a:
z
<t:
~
Pta-amphibolites
ycpq
pCpa
L
pCps
Pc pgs pCpgg
<t:
a:co
pCpgs-greensch ists
<t:
<.)
w
a:
CL
Figure 3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
} La Chilca unit
} EI Toro unit
} Marcabeli pluton
Moromoro granitoid
complex
(LATE TRIASSIC)
} La Florida unit
..
EI Tigre unit
} Tahuin semi-pelitic
division (LOWER
PALAEOZOIC)
Palenque melange
Limon Playa
complex (LATE TRIASSIC)
unit (north)
} Piedras mafic complex
R. Panupali unit
Palenque melange
division
Raspas ophiolitic
Palenque melange
La Bocana unit
Moromoro granitoid
(LATE TRIASSIC)
Comparison o f pre-existing stra tigraphic no me nclature and th a t used in the presen t study.
Figure 4
Physiographic setting.
811'U0'
79"30'
3"20'
3"20 '
\
TERTIARY VOLCANO
\
~ /
<.fl,
PLUTONIC COMPLEX
~ \
-'
'o"
'TI
~(
z'
~ \
Sub-prOVince I
:D
~(
;',
~."
c.- ,
'\
CRETACEOUS
ALAMOR
BASIN
80"00'
Plate 1 Angular unconformi[\ of Cretaceous Alamor basin sequence and EJ Tigre unit,
Tahuin division, new ArenilJas-Alamor road c.1 km north-east of Rio Puyango road bridge.
79"30'
I
I
I
I
Plate 2 Slump
folding in
turbiditic
El Tigre unit,
Tahuin division,
Quebrada Agua
Negra c.1 km
south of
SanJose.
10
Plate 3
Mi gm a titi c
pa rag neiss,
La Victoria unit,
T a huin divisio n,
near to contact
with Moro m o ro
complex, c. l km
wes t of
Sa n Isidro.
II l1il
(i\tlarcab eh 622/9592)
,I
II
12
13
14
o f La Fl o rida.
Plate 12
X t noliLh of
mig ma ti tic
g;ran ile g lle iss in
La Florida unit,
Mo rom ofo
co mplex ,
Q uehrada
Pal maJes.
Plate 13
Me ta"ed inw l1 lan'
xenolilhs ,,-itb
chilled margi ns ,
La Florida unit,
Mor01110ro
com pl e \:, c.S2 km
sOlllh of
La Florida .
15
16
0.5 14 ~
43Nd / 144Nd
0.512
i=--- - ....---+*-
--+-
----
- - --- - + ---
0.510 1
-
0.508 -
AGE 219
22 Ma (25)
MSWDO.4
147Sm / 144Nd
0.506 I
0.1
I
0.5
0.3
-,---
..,.--
---r--
----,--,--- , --
::l
(')
(\J
-.
2400
/ " ' ______ "
.0
CD
0.4
0.3
1600
Marcabelr Abraded
0.2
207/206 age =
2876 1.8 Ma
(\J
2000
-,-- - - ",,----;
2800
co
0.5
-,--
1200
550
Zircon Core
546 3. 3 Ma
Table 2
17
Mineral
Bi otite garn et
gneiss
Bio tite
8.51
Magmatitic,
biotite
orthogneisses
Bioti te
IVluscovite
Muscovi te
6.26
7.04
5.68
28.24
11.08
14.82
54.375
61. 822
48.492
211 6
213 6
207 6
Biotite muscovite
granodiorite
Biotite
Muscovite
7.47
8.45
8.67
32.94
66.548
76.941
216 6
220 6
Late tourmaline
muscovite granite
pegmalite
R. Peidras, La Bocana
Muscovite
8.5 1
1530
65.994
189 5
Biotite
7.78
Rock type
Atom 40
Age (Ma)
LA B OCANA UNIT
210 8*
MARCABEU PLUTON
R. Puyango at mouth of
Biotite
granodiorite
214 6*
Q. Marca beli
(Marca belf 6173/ 95771)
Biotite muscovite
granodi orite
Balsas quarry
(M arcabeH 6308/ 95837)
Bio tite
tvlu scovi te
7.50
8.41
72. 05
9.72
61.798
74.353
20J 12
214 6
Bi otite muscovite
uTanodio rite
Biotite
Muscovi te
7.65
7.00
7.06
74.92
70.042
55.487
221 6
193 13
C>
Cl
]8
0.05
:::J
co
280
C\I
.0
$L
CD
O~
C\I
200
0.03
160
0. 02
120
207Pb 1235 U
001
0.10
026
Va rious atte m pts to dale the Que brada Plai a unit !la\(O
been m ad usi ng th e K-Ar method (T able 3), Pre\'in ll, h
ll! (:' SC' rocks we re widely quoted as being Precam br ian in
age; , hased o n sillgle amphibole de termin ation of I -J.:~ =
13 Ma obtained for a sampk fro m the Poftmelo ,U~ .
(Ke lln e rie; , 1980, and Table 3). Dlllillg th e pr se lll , twh
r{'sa m p l ill~ or th is Illlit in th e sa me are a has vield ecl ag e '
of G-l7 37 Ma ancL 224 ::::3 ~'[a f()[ ;llil pb ibole lIl ill el 1
,l
Table 3
Age (Ma)
'l.00 1
74?, 1?,t
1.389
0.602
647 'l7
224 ?'4
Mineral
Amphibolite
ncar Ponovelo
(Za ruma 653/9588)
Hornblenc\e
0.OH4
Amphibo lite
0 .05
0.07
Am p h ibo li te
"'es t or Piedras
(La A,\ amad a 620/ 9598)
Hornblende
0.238
196 .. 8*
A,rc nillas
(,\rc nillas 604/ 96(7)
Hornblende
0444
74 ,- 1"
Hornblende
Ho rn bien de
I !orn bl e nde
0. 370
0.35R
0. 3:i8
Rock ty pe
Q.
Atom 40
PLATA L'l" IT
75.4?,
88.72
Amphibo li te
Amphibo li te
<.' 1 cl l. .
1\J ( I~ .(Ilel T .. ini ll~ ( 'r and Silberman , 1982 and t Ke uJJcrley, 1980
9L23
76 .17
8 1. 36
1.062
l. 05 1
1.080
7'2 15
74,6
76 7
14
20
GEOLOGY OF SUB-PROVINCE II
Palenque melange division (Santa Rosa 636/ 9626)
MATRI X
has been divided into three informal units Panupali, EI Toro and La Chilca.
Rio
The Rio Panupali unit forms the outer shell of the Raspas
op hi o liti c complex and comprises pale to dark green,
fo liated to massive greenschists composed of actinolite,
albite, quartz, chlorite, epidote, garnet, glaucophane,
sphene, calcite, opaques (dominantly sulphides).
Apart from the Rio Panupali, which provides a com
plete, almost continuously exposed section across this
unit, excellent outcrops of these rocks can also be seen
in the Quebrada Sambotambo (La Avanzada 635/9597)
and, in the west, in the Rio Arenillas, downstream from
the Tahuin dam.
These rocks were considered by Feininger (1978) to be
Precambrian in age (part of the Piedras Croup, see Figure
3) but their general field relationships, and the presence
of glaucophane and garne t in some samples indicate that
they are an integral part of the Raspas ophiolitic complex.
El Toro unit (La Avanzada 611 / 9601 )
21
or
22
Plate 18 Photomicrographs of La Chilca unit blueschist, Raspas ophiolitic complex; large garnet
porphyroblasts show evidence of recrystallisation together with blue amphibole and blades of
muscovite. (a) Plane polarised light, (b) crossed polarisers. Field of view c.8.3 mm. (P H enney, BGS)
-...
Plate 19 Photomicrographs of La Chilca unit eclogite, Raspas ophiolitic complex; large euhedral
porphyroblasts of garnet together with omphacite pyroxene and pale blue amphibole (?crossite).
Garnets show multiple inclusion trails indicating e pisodic growth. Groundmass incudes quartz,
minor cIinozoisite, rutil e and apatite. (a) Plane polarised light, (b) crossed polarisers. Field of
view c.8.3 mm. (P Henney, BGS)
23
24
25
WHOLE-ROCK GEOCHEMISTRY
Background
A total of 59 whole-rock samples, the locations of which
are shown in Figure 8, have been analysed from the EI
Oro metamorphic complex by X-ray fluorescence spec
trometry (XRFS). The analyses were carried out in two
series; those samples prefIxed with 'SH' codes (4
samples) were analysed at the University of Keele (UK)
whilst the other samples were analysed by the British
Geological Survey, Analytical Chemistry Group, Notting
ham. For all the samples, the major elements are
reported as weight percentages (wt%) of Si02 , Ti0 2 ,
A1 2 0 3 , Fe 2 0" (total Fe treated as ferric), MnO, MgO,
CaO, Na 2 0, I~O and P205' The percentage loss on igni
tion (LOI) is also recorded. The suite of trace elements
analysed, reported as parts per million values (ppm),
varied between the two series. The majority of samples
included determinations for As, \IV, Bi, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu,
Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Sn, Sb, Ba, La, Ce, Pb, Th
and U. However, in the 'SH' series As, \IV, Bi, Co, Mo,
Ag, Sn, Sb and U were not analysed.
The following summary is taken largely from an
unpublished report by Fortey and Gillespie (1993)
'Assessment of geochemical analyses of igneous rocks
from Ecuador'.
26
-J
,
~
, C
Figure 8
Th
U
Ce
Pb
Sll
Sb
Ba
La
Ag
16
40
30
5(i~
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Mo
Nb
759
12
36
12
6
23
187
13
~o
'12
1:l9
11 7
I H'I
Zr
Rh
1\1
HH
Sf
Y
11
101
~I
ZIl
Ni
C li
I !;
RIO
25
60
9
10
3
o
o
25
2 16
13
11 <i
1{3
91
~O
18
:V')
X.r'l
R~
'11
R:l
3
2
rl
73.3 1
0.62
12.97
5.06
0.13
24
13
26
66
807
o
o
o
o
II
~75
28
7'1
100
13
16
18
!i3
80
13 1
:)
0.16
LS I
2.27
1.42
1.07
1.75
1.68
2.42
2.59
0.09
0.09
1.46
1.09
99.09 100.49
5. 74
71.52
0.73
1190
2~0 1l
3
2
Cr
Co
73.56
0.74
11.1 3
5.40
0. 11
2. 14
1.60
1.82
2. 38
0.23
0.73
99.85
~~OA
39
5!i
As
W
Bi
V
0.11
1.09
100.42
LOI
Tota l
3.22
K.,,0
0.05
0.96
1.62
2.92
258
0. 37
14.42
n08
PtO,
Alt O "
f e.O"T
MnO
MgO
eaO
NatO
SiO t
TiO t
Sample I I I
~S IA
329
14
22
7:16
29
70
11
1
236
36
68
89
168
29
22
77
15
33
70
20
16
3
553
o
o
92
19R
34
2 18
11
R5
331
3
2
114
9
28
24
2
()
o
o
II
11
60
11 8
126
18
194
II
36
8
44
4
3
361
22
57
17
3
0
0
0
12
5"
8
11
14
42
99
81
20
212
3
4
0
69. 19 76.78
0.62
0.37
14.92 12. 25
4. 11
2.88
0.07
0.05
1.35
0.83
2.14
0.78
3. 75
1.88
2.33
2.56
0.35
0.14
1.15
1.49
99.98 100.01
~~o
197
13
42
28
5
11 5
128
13
83
3:)
25
29
5
o
11 5
100
14
23
14
o
9 :~
2
4
2
5
64.7 1 72.64
0.74
0.35
17.05
14.6R
6.35
2.59
0.12
0.05
2.40
0.77
2.28
2. 11
2.2 1
3.99
2.71
2.18
0.08
0.25
1.88
0.S2
100.52 100.43
283
3
2
70.21
0.76
14.27
5.34
0.09
1.76
1.61
2. 13
2.66
0.11
1.59
100.5:1
2l:ilK
o
492
9
41
18
SH 4F.
44
31
276
9
34
16
17
10
43
385
12
12
6
58
132
104
25
188
10
57
32
71.87 72 73
0.45
0.54
14.37 1360
3.15
358
0 .07
0.07
1.02
110
2. 15
1.94
3.37
2.91
2.63
2.<)3
0. 16
0.12
0.96
0.84
99.93 100.07
577
292
10
28
18
287
17
46
15
6
46
37
0.99
1.82
3. 14
3.04
0.16
0.92
99.76
007
72.04
0.49
14. 17
3.20
SH4A SH4C
12
9
I
17
6
20
55
54
158
132
123
17
123
123
28
27
23
49
166
167
789
I
35
76.7:;
0.03
13.53
0.96
0.04
0.10
0.39
4.39
3.94
0.05
0.50
100.68
GROI
o
o
12
89
89
16
25 1
31
47
6
7
4
3
0.17
0.92
100.33
2.42
10.59
2.4 1
0.04
0.64
0.64
1.8 1
OS-l
8036
332
L I B OC~'!A UN IT
Table 4
54G
70G
42
I ~)
7
444
4
12
9
42
118
104
25
11 9
7
40
25
12
5
13
41
14
7
Hi
38
338
o
o
o
116
6
22
99
110
H
35
()
30
29
248
o
o
83
58
13
16
19
62
60
144
24
2 17
7
72.98
6640 72.18
0.34
1.00
0.32
14.67
11.71
14.72
2.57
5.62
2.54
0.06
0.06
0 10
1.10
2.45
1.1 4
2.23
4.4 1
2.32
3.74
3.23
3.72
2.76
1.68
2.79
0.11
0.2
0.1
0.79
0.71
0.76
100.15 100.5 1 100.65
SH41
1
308
14
44
21
7
o
o
21
14
50
136
114
13
164
41
40
'2
70.72
0.47
14.56
3.4 1
0.06
1.66
2.35
3. 15
3. 09
014
0.79
100.40
323A
I
438
16
36
36
5
3
72
274
20
130
8'1
107
46
15
10
26
4
4
62.94
0.60
16.30
5.88
0.10
2.80
5.43
2.94
1.98
0. 12
0.66
99. 75
3
2
315
15
48
17
o
o
16
15
52
138
120
15
169
42
45
1.58
2.35
3. 19
3. 11
0. 15
0.74
99.93
O.OG
70.29
0.46
14.70
3.30
323B 324
EL PRADO PLL'TON
.)
326ll
325
16
40
20
56
154
132
23
159
1
323
16
47
22
7
I
o
o
7
9
33
31
6
9
7
53
154
139
21
152
38
37
2
5
70.67
71.94
044
0.45
14.54
14.62
3.0 1
3.12
0.07
0.07
1.17
1.21
1.94
2.09
3.34
3.35
3.65
3.35
0. 16
0.17
0.59
0.51
99.58 100.88
326A
-I
U'
<!)
<!)
>-'
0'>
z
...,
(0
~
Vl
o
c:
(0
:s:
Z
1"1
R<>
t"'"
1"1
(')
Vl
[;;
o
~
28
RES OUl~ .
:'-lo. 67 1995
111
M ARCAIlEI.[ PLUTON
2B1A
281 B
283
329
330
33 1
GR01 S!-I4A
SH4C
70G
Quartz
Coru ndum
O rthocl ase
Albite
Anorthite
Hypersthene
EnstaLite
Ferrosilite
JV!agnetite
Chrom ite
Ilmenite
Apa tite
19 .57
2.60
7.84
898
17.63
1.33
642
16.45
4.41
2.37
0.96
1.41
0.28
0.00
0.33
0.30
1546
1.59
6.90
15.90
4.1 7
3.87
1.68
2. 19
045
0.00
0.59
042
34 .99
246
15.55
28.53
9.63
2.54
3.42
0.69
0.01
0.8(i
0.38
37. 19
2.35
17.30
24.86
8.83
655
2.74
3.81
0.78
0.01
102
0.28
32.22
1.74
16.29
31.60
10.33
5.57
2.74
2.83
0.56
0.0 1
0.64
0.26
32.05
159
164 1
31.34
10.81
5.05
2.18
2.86
0.58
0.01
0.7'2
0.1::1
14.76
3.26
7.99
9.33
5.38
(i. 53
2.98
3.55
0.69
001
070
0.09
Diff index
Colour index
mgnumber
3639
6.35
43.44
32.28
7.93
46.82
40.51
2. 98
40.92
38.26
4.91
43.35
41.6 1
3.29
40.17
7908
7.51
43.00
79.34
8.36
4172
EL
280A
280B
~?62
PRAOO PI.t;TON
326A
326B
Quartz
Corundum
Ortboclase
Albite
Anorthite
Kaliophilite
Acm ite
N \'leta sili cate
K Meta silicate
Hyp ersth ene
Enstatite
Ferrosilite
O!i,ine
Forsleri te
fayaIi te
Magnetite
Chromite
flm e ni te
Avalite
Cal cil e
S i O~ defic ie nC\
15.85 15.65
0.00 15.25
0.00 0.98
1 05
1.09
9.1 1 9.21
0.00 10.84
13.29 13.52
0.00 14.21
5.36 5.35
0.00 4.31
5.47 0.00
0.00 0.00
0. 28 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.55
0.00 0.00 74.93 0.00
3.91
3.76
0.00 3.10
2.06
1 97
0.00 1.46
1.84
1.79
0.00
1.64
115 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.53 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.62 0.00
0.00 0.33
0.37 036
000 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.45 0.44
0.12 0.42
0. 17 0.18 18.45 0.19
000 000 -17.26 0.00
0.00 0.00 -25.27 0.00
16.03
1.04
9.82
14.07
4.:'>9
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
317
l.50
1.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.34
0.00
042
0.20
0.00
0.00
Diff. incie x
Colom incl c- x
mg numbc- r
'lS.38
5.47 40.3 I
+.72 45(i
US 385
53.1-1 '>2.73 52.59 47.52
39.92
3.94
47.47
323A
323B
324
- -
38.25
332
5.9(i
26.03
0.04
9.92
27.32
20.56
11.82
6.10
5.7'2
1.22
0.01
1.90
047
~).6 :i
2.83
2.82
0.55
0.01
0.60
0.24
29
Q
I
+
16 1
'"
+
+
(.)
+
'"+
1 4 1-
'"
+
S-type
+
+
f-
12 1-
:f
---------..!...\..---
1.0-
PI
I-type
55
60
65
70
75
80
Si02
La Socana
EI Prado
* Marcabelr
S-type
+.
~3
'"
+ +-f'I
-++'
x
x
..
++
I-type
CaO
FeO+MgO
Figure 12
complex.
30
(!)
a:
o
-'"
u
a:
0.100
0.010
0.001
+
x
La Bocana
EI Prado
Marcabeli
1000.00a.
500
Syn-collisional Granites
300
/'
200
(!)
Rb
a:
u
0
a:
I-
0100~
:j:
50
>0<*
XX
100
-'"
~.*
X
~+
Within-
Plale
0 . 010~
E
Granites
30
0001~
20
K
Rb
Ba
20
Th
30
50
Y+Nb
Nb
Table 6
Sample
PLAT A UNIT
148
SiO~
48.01
T i0 9
1.72
Al~6?,
Fe 2 ,\T
NInO
MgO
CaO
Na.,O
~O
P2 0
LOl
TOlal
As
W
Bi
V
149
47.37
1.66
15.78
10.76
0.17
8.44
10.90
2.88
13.77
11. 33
0.19
9.l5
10.68
2.1'1
0.11
0.08
0.21
0.17
2.2 1
1.95
10008 100.19
9,3
13
11
Pb
Th
'2
98
3'2
2
150
22
88
6
3
3
6
57
1
96
21
61
2
o
'I
125
4
3
1
12
3
o
1
o
2
llH:" l <l ll ge
division
o
o
O.E;
8.65
12 .38
2.54
0.07
009
1.71
100.55
49.47
0.99
15.61
9.64
0.16
8.53
11.78
2.58
0.09
0.10
1.61
100.56
339
349
49.78
0.92
15.76
8.9 2
0.15
8.41
11.7'1
3.03
0.24
0.11
1.50
100.55
48.55
0.48
6.5 1
0.10
11 .5 l
12.88
1.7 J
0.09
0.05
2.5l
100.33
3
1
4
J
15.92
295
182
340
37
86
3
47
185
330
'17
67
172
348
36
104
764
32
44
55
1
136
16
49
294
253
37
66
48
65
96
18
47
2
49
2
138
19
52
1
o
o
25
9
.J
o
1
1
o
o
44
o
6
1
o
2
102
35
200
5
38
2
96
333
49.08 4984
1.81
0.95
14.19 16.49
12.23
8.70
0.1 4
0.19
8.23
7.84
11.07 12.72
2.74
2. 16
0.08
0.38
0.17
0.11
0.75
0.98
lOO.77 100.08
4
1
35
0.90
15.68
9. 18
2
3
21
24
4
49.:W
o
60
7
9
276A
275
1
104
24
72
34
34
88
o
o
2
1
o
o
235
271
36
61
122
105
27
74
o
o
1
2
o
204
'290
35
60
54
84
'27 J
49.35
1.17
14 .90
9.92
0.18
8. 54
11. 83
2.59
0.05
0.13
'18
144
14
49
1
127
16
52
l.a
Ce
49.76
1.35
14.65
10.69
0.26
858
10.82
2.60
0.20
0.1'2
1.81
1.63
JOO.47 100.66
30
31
93
48.98
1.39
14.41
10.80
0.23
8.89
10.48
2.82
0.11
0.13
2. 32
100. 56
237
264
Ba
'12
Zr
Nb
48.32
0.95
16.51
8.62
0.14
9.38
11.74
2. 31
0.09
0. 10
2.l2
100.28
o
o
49.'15
1.39
16.19
880
0.45
8.06
11.43
2.82
0. 13
0.20
1. 88
100.40
154
323
Sn
Sb
95
217
'206
195
290
Ag
11 4
'2 79
64
203
Zn
Rb
Sr
325
34
150
o
o
Mo
C li
250
15
3
2'1 1
250
33
87
184
68
1
124
27
99
3
2
3
Cr
Co
Ni
'11
89
1
2
1
]75
422
34
125
26
58
5
lOS
JS
347
384
49.55
l. 07
16.01
9.49
0.16
7.12
14.l5
2.08
0.35
0.14
0.62
100.75
48.27
1.96
16.54
11.24
0.17
6.64
1l. 26
3.00
0.64
0.28
0.56
100.56
2
2
18
5
203
307
33
9S
48
66
202
18
44
52
1?,4
11
1
3
o
o
o
o
o
o
4J
2
3
14
1
43
3
95
4
109
3
10
9
3
10
o
o
2
1
o
o
101
17
86
440
27
202
33
165
20
31
82
2
10
20
'I
2
o
4
o
o
201
9
26
4
32
Table 7 Piedras mafic complex norma tive min era l compositions (Kelsey, 1965)
an d geochemical analyses.
Q.
P LATA l''' 1T
148
149
217
27 1
275
276A
339
0.53
0.65
19.63 23.94
34.55 26,42
18.75 20.1 9
1377 13.74
4.98
6.45
10.72 12.45
7.58
8.09
3.14
4.36
9.70
8.66
5.43
666
3.22
3.04
1.88
2.36
0.07
0.06
1.81
2.65
0. 24
0.3 1
0.30
21.99
28.98
23.55
16.20
7.35
12.24
8.05
4. 19
6.37
4.05
2.32
2. 16
0.06
2.23
0.31
0.59
10.98
13.83
10.20
6.87
3.34
8.45
5.43
3.03
2.32
1.44
0.88
1.16
003
128
0.14
0.21
10.73
15.56
11.97
8.40
3.57
4.07
2.73
L'33
4.44
2.89
1.55
1. 00
0.04
0.85
0.11
0. 27
10.90
1535
1094
7.54
3.39
5.85
3.86
1.99
3.57
2.27
1.29
1.05
004
0.94
0.12
23.59
46.36
65.73
22.29
46.62
66.73
11.57
23,44
65.16
10.93
22.37
68. 70
IU 6
22.38
67.34
150
203
Orthoclase
Albite
Anorthi te
Diopside
Diopsicle (CaMg)
Hedenbergite
Hypersthene
Ens tatite
Ferrosilite
O livine
Forsterite
Fayal ite
Magnetite
Chromite
Ilmen ite
Apatite
0.48
0.65
23.30 24.54
25.29 3001
21.69 18.92
14.87 12.88
6.82
6.05
JO .46
3.50
2.27
6.86
1.22
3.60
1021 14.43
6.47
9.06
3.75
5.38
2.36
2.48
0.07
005
3.29
3.1 7
0.41
050
0. 77
23.94
31.23
19.66
14.04
5.62
11.00
7.54
3.46
6.42
4.26
2. 16
1.92
0.06
2.65
0.48
Diff ind ex
Colour index
mg number
23.77 25.1 9
48.21 42.44
6530 64.63
24.7 1 20.16
41.7 1 42.92
68.09 71.71
206
349
TAQU I U"IT
295
333
347
384
0.7 1 0.27
12.79 7.23
14.32 17.73
1l.62 11.l8
8.1 7 9.07
3.45 2. 11
1.71 6. 19
1.l5 4.89
0.56 1.30
5.93 4.74
3.86 3.66
2.06 1.08
0.97 0.71
0.04 0.08
0.87 0.46
0.1 3 0.06
0.24
11.56
13.06
11.23
7.23
4. 00
6.40
3.92
2.48
3.51
2.07
1.44
1.33
0.03
1.71
0.20
J.J 3
9.16
17.13
11.45
7.97
3.48
7.01
4.67
2.34
1.55
1.00
0.55
0.95
0.05
0.90
0 ..13
1.03
8.77
Hi 60
14.58
9.57
5.01
4.30
2.69
1. 61
1.99
1. 20
0.79
1.03
0.03
1.01
0.17
1.89
12.68
14.87
9.9 1
6.18
3.73
0.1 8
0.11
0.07
6.54
3.71
2.83
1.22
0.02
1.86
0.33
1350 7.49
21.13 23.36
68.72 80,47
11.80
24.21
6106
10.29
21.9 1
67.74
9.80
22.95
63.61
14.57
19.72
57.92
, J
f, 2
0
~~
08
0
DA
A,~
0
,
06
1f ~."'... ~'"
1.0
0"
I -
Basalt
t;.
45
45
55
50
Si02
b,.
Q, Plata unit
50
Si0 2
55
\l Arenillas unit'
Taqui unit'
Fe (total)
0,002
0,02
0,05
0,10
0, 20
MgO
0,50
Nb /Y
34
150
0
0
~f::,
100
0
0
~f::,
f::,
\7\7&f::,
50
\7 \7
60
DO
400
f::,
Cb
40
cI5
>200
20
DO~
iff::,
\7
f::,
f::,
f::,
MgO
MgO
f'...
Q. Plata unit
\l Arenillas unit*
Taqui unit*
* Tectonic inclusions in
Palenque melange division
co
a:
o
:::;;
-
~
o' -'
a:
0.00; "'-t-t---"hHHH-I-I-I-I-I-t-t-t-t-t-t--"
Sr
K
Zr
0.001 ~f-t--t--t--It--It--It--I~~~---f---f---f---f-+-+-+-"
Sr
K
Zr
Low-K Tholeiites
>-
15000
/
/
Oceanic Arc
\l
F
C,
10000
0
c,
D
2 -
MOAB
C,
I 's'and
5000
Arc Basalts
20
50
100
200
50
500
100
150
Zr
Zr
Piedras mafic complex
6. Q. Plata unit
6. Arenillas unit'
o Taqui unit'
Tectonic inclusions in
Palenque melange division
Ti/100
A-B
Low-K Tholeiites
Ocean Island I
Continental Basalts
tD
a:
:2'
0.001 "=----1---1---+-+--1--1-+-+-+--+--+-+-+--+-+-+-+-+--"
Zr
Yx3
Sr
K
Zr
35
36
Table 8
3.18
~70
SiO o
TiO;
AlyO J
49.33
49.90 41l.60
Ul7
1.47
2.9~
14.49
13.66 14.10
13.1811.02 15.22
0.21
0.16
0.16
5.73
1l.32
5.49
10.10
8.33
7.89
2.87
3.82
3.72
0.54
0.05
0.36
0.24
0.12
0.29
2.42
3.24
1.84
100.98 100.09 100.59
48.21
2.72
12.94
17.01
0.23
S.09
8.70
2.93
0.73
0.28
2.04
100. 81l
100.31
6
2
7
5
5
5
~O
P2 0"
1..10
TOlal
A5
W
Bi
~98
301B
357
47.57
2.80
13.30
17 .26
(J.30
4.43
8.36
3.21
1.06
0.29
1.73
359
47.34
2.60
12.71
16.49
0.25
5.77
7.27
3.94
081
0.22
2.46
99.86
2
1
26S
365
12
409
12
39
46
34
44
ell
36
83
Zn
105
61
Rb
Sr
10
384
19
33
26
48
119
7
377
91
35
36
239
114
35
42
125
53
34
107
25
119
60
1/
140
52
189
35
165
20
96
58
170
16,
:l
3
2
3
1
5
Cr
Co
Ni
Zr
Nb
Mo
Ag
Sn
Sb
Ba
o
3
o
o
o
-i
o
o
35
40
143
15
.-i
-l
Ce
13
22
Pb
15
Th
U
,
"
()
'J
16
2
1
341
335
(J
257
120
31
38
39
87
2
J02
37
122
2
3
4
o
o
I
(J
342
4061
0.00
1.68
8.63
0.12
38.38
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
11.36
100.81
41.17
14
10
3
3
17
3
123
!l
16,
12
77
51
156
2
0.18
0.1:;
1.30
99.20
36
315
132
4.46
71
27
2
29
58
51.31
1.57
12.98
12.66
0.17
5.74
8.68
5
1
10
360
52
3
12
La
Sample
MnO
MgO
CaO
Na 2 0
Fe20~T
0.00
1.75
8.58
0.12
39.53
1.57
0.06
0.01
0.02
7.10
99.91
346
41.34
0.00
1.92
8.34
0.12
39.54
1 47
0.04
0.01
0.02
7.84
100.64
'l
3
41. 1S
0.00
1.14
8.47
0.12
41.86
115
0'()3
0.00
0.03
6.42
100.37
363A"
41.30
0.00
lOll
9.01
0.12
43.73
O.71l
0.1 3
4(J.85
0.00
1.30
8.55
0.10
37.12
363B*
41.11
0.00
1.14
1l.62
0.10
31l .05
0.18
0.01
0.52
0.00
(J.Ol
0.02
001
4.68
1l.66
100.13
0.01
0.01
11.49
100.70
2
3
100.86
0.00
56
2940
132
1531
37
49
48
3053
127
1645
46
3034
128
37
3311
40
3026
305J
142
1654
42
3062
13.1
179l
13
37
3
37
36
136
1785
26
47
1883
3
44
131
1867
16
39
1
3
o
2
o
o
o
o
I
o
o
o
o
o
II
o
o
1
2
o
o
11
16
17
13
19
10
o
o
(J
o
o
o
o
o
J
(J
o
o
o
o
1
o
o
2
o
o
50
o
2
o
I
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
18
23
(J
16
17
(J
o
o
o
o
1
STRUCTURE
o
o
General
In complete contrast to the NNE-SS'''' regional strike of
the Ecuadorian Andes the structural grain of the EI Oro
metamorphic complex is east-west and is dominated by
the presence of numerous, generally steep, sub-parallel,
anastomosing faults. In spite of the apparent uniformity
of the various structural elements, the El Oro metamor
phic complex comprises rocks of different ages, origins
and metamorphic histories and it follows that the struc
tures preserved must also reflect this diversity. Further
work is required before a detailed structural/kinematic
framework can be established but nevertheless sufficient
information is currently available to allow a broad dis
tinction to be made be tween the dominantly Late Trias
sic structures, present to the south of the Zanjon
Naranjo fa ult zone, which relate to the 'Moromoro
event' and those of uncertain , but younger age (?Late
Jurassic-Cretaceous ), which occur to the north and
relate to the 'Palenque event'.
Table 8
3000
2000
SiO~
TiO "
'J 2 O:<
re2 'lT
:\<lnO
:\<lfiO
CaO
:\a 2 O
1\.,0
P;O,
LlO
Total
40.69
0.10
3. 13
8.09
0.12
36.44
1.23
0.02
0.06
0.02
10.80
100.70
As
Bi
Cr
Co
Ni
Cli
Zn
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
\10
Ag
Sn
Sb
Ba
La
Ce
Pb
Th
l!
67
2461
III
1405
21
_'38
2
2
2
2
0
2
1
0
J
22
I
5
1
I
0
38.21
0.01
1.17
7.86
0.10
3H.53
0.87
0.00
0.01
0.04
13.85
100.H,)
7
5
1
44
3083
122
1685
284
'l03
42.06
0.05
3.22
7.9H
0.12
35 .65
2.60
0.04
0.02
0.05
8.02
99.HI
292
5
0
70
2898
102
1262
5S
31
0
52
0
I()
I
0
I
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
12
0
12
1
1
0
2
0
4
15
0
0
3
1
0
305
40.16
0.01
2.51
H.31
0.11
3638
0.83
0.00
0.01
0.00
11.85
100.17
11
3
0
63
3167
11 8
1629
44
51
I
6
I
1
0
0
0
0
397
..........
0.01
-- - -
40.19
0.00
1.38
7.44
0.08
38.50
0.03
0.00
0.01
0.00
11.58
100.21
4073
0.00
1.36
7.83
0.09
39. 11
0.17
0.00
0.01
0.00
1163
100.93
20
3
0
38
3093
125
1791
0
37
I
2
0
1
0
33
2823
132
1769
6
46
0
I
0
0
0
I
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
10
0
13
I
27
0
13
1
0
17
0
]9
()
I I
\ /
_--s--
/V,-----
0
0
----.
0.03
0.10
0.30
T;02
M = MORB ophiolites.
398
I \
\ .
-_. _ - - - -- 23 1
/---~ ""'-..
I ~
\
( continued)
RB35G
Unnamed serpentinites
5000
Sampk
ElToro unit
400
4 1.33
0.01
1.86
7.46
0.10
.W50
0.47
0.00
0.01
0.00
J130
100.04
6
5
0
49
3 103
124
1617
5
41
2
14
1
3
I
0
0
0
17
0
6
0
2
0
41.69
0.00
1.49
696
0.09
39.03
0.05
0.00
0.01
0.01
11.53
100 8b
5
3
0
39
3187
118
1537
3
31
2
4
0
I
0
0
0
0
2
38
0
14
2
0
0
37
38
RESOUl~.
No. 67 1995
EL TORO
PANUPALJ UNJT
270
298
301B
357
358
359
360
335
UNJT
341
342
343
- -
346
363A* 363B*
- - - -
Corundum
Orthoclase
Albite
Anorthite
Diopside
Diopside (Cal'vlg)
Hedenbergite
Hypersthene
Enstatite
Ferrosilite
Olivine
Forsterite
Fayalite
Magnetite
Chromite
llmenite
Apatite
0.00
0.00
1.59
0.15
12.09 16.22
12.48 10.03
9.67
8.39
5.18
5.58
4.49
2.81
8.77
6.02
4.40
3.81
4.37
2.20
0.44 4.59
0.21
2.80
0.23
1.78
1.43
1.20
0.01
0.01
1.77
1.40
0.28
0.14
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
1.06
2.15 3.15
2.41
0.54
15.75 12.38 13.64 16.81 19.12
10.36
9.98 9.42
7.36
7.53
6.87
8.91 8.80
8.41 11.40
3.51
4.02 3.63
4.10
6.17
3.35
4.89 5.17
4.30
5.23
7.23
9.69 5.10
0.56
3.83
3.45
4.04 1.93
0.26
1.94
3.78
5.65 3.16
0.31
Ul9
2.72
0.76 3.78
8.29
3.55
3.57
1.71
1.23 0.30 1.35
1.49
0.46 2.43
4.73
1.84
1.66
1.85 1.88
1.81
1.40
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.01
2.77
2.58 2.76
2.49
1.51
0.18
0.34
0.33 0.34
0.26
0.80
0.00
0.04
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.00
14.36
1.64
26.12
23.21
2.92
0.93
0.31
0.00
0.00
Diff. index
Colour index
mg number
13.68 16.37
22.09 21.61
50.32 63.76
0.04
43.37
91.20
19.22 10.66
21.56 21.70
44.91 51.37
UNNAMED SERPEi\TJNJTES
.--- .
--~ --
RB35G
231
284
303
305
397
Corundum
Orthoclase
Albite
Anorthite
Diopside
DJOpside (CaMg')
Hedenbergite
Hypersthene
Enstatite
Ferrosilite
Olivine
Forsterite
Fayalite
Magnetite
Chromite
Ilmenite
Apatite
0.84
0.35
0.17
5.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
28.33
25.50
2.84
51.08
45.50
5.58
1.75
0.53
0.19
0.05
0.00
0.06
0.00
3.15
0.70
0.64
0.06
18.92
17.16
1.76
60.91
54.72
6.19
1.70
0.66
0.02
0.09
0.00
0.06
0.17
4.29
1.59
145
0.14
13.59
12.22
1.37
24.93
22.18
2.75
0.87
0.31
0.05
0.06
0.49
0.03
0.D4
2.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
15.06
13.51
1.55
25.09
22.26
2.82
0.90
0.34
0.01
0.00
0.65
0.03
0.04
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
17.42
15.88
1.54
24.84
22.44
2.40
0.81
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.51
0.49 0.69
0.03
0.03 0.03
0.04
0.04 0.04
0.42
1.17 0.09
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
15.06 17.35 17.67
13.69 15.78 16.22
1.38
1.58 1.45
26.95 24.07 24.62
24.26 21.68 22.42
2.69
2.39 2.20
0.84 0.81 0.75
0.33
0.33 0.34
0.00
0.01 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.01
Dif. index
Colour index
mg number
0.52
81.88
91.30
0.06 0.23
82.91 41.34
91.95 91.23
398
400
0.18
0.03
0.04
1.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.39
14.68
1.71
24.94
22.10
2.83
0.93
0.33
0.00
0.01
0.39
0.03
0.04
0.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.70
14.98
1.71
25.36
22.52
2.84
0.93
0.33
0.00
0.00
0.58 0.07
45.85 42.58
91.88 91.00
0.07
43.31
91.14
39
40
Plate 21
Mylonitic L-S
tectoni tes,
La Victoria unit,
Tahuin division,
Rio Moromoro
41
not brec ciated , nor apparen tly have they been signifi
cantly retrogressed, it is probable that it was fo rm ed
close to peak m eta morphic conditions during th e
' Moromoro event'.
Zanjon- Naranjo fault zone
42
Plate 25
Boudinaged pegmatitic
vein and small-scale Z-folds (right
centre) indicating dextral
movement, high-grade portion of
La Victoria unit, Tahuin division,
Quebrada Primavera.
Plate 26
Moromoro Complex,
Rio Moromoro
43
GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION
Regional con text within the Northern Andes
The metamorphic rocks of the EI Oro Province are
interpreted to form part of an accre tionary prism
complex that probably extends the length of the No'rth
ern Andes but much of which is cove red by younger
strata and especially the extensive, Tertiary/ Quaternary
volcanic d eposits that are widely developed in both
Ecuador and Colombia, In Ecuador, it is suggested that
th e eastern li m it of this complex coincides with the
Baiios - Las ;-\radas fault zone, a regional structure that
defi nes the western li m it of the Cordillera Real and
which continues as the Romeral fault in Colombia
(As pden et aI., 1992a). For the purposes of this account,
tb e we. tern limit of the accretionary complex is taken as
the Calacali-l'allatanga fau lt zone (Aspden et aI., 1987).
H owever, to the west of this line, the Cordillera
O ccidental and Coastal Plain are also composed of
allochthonous material (Van Thournout et aI., 1992;
.Ylegard, 1989; Aspden et ai., 1987a; McCourt et aI.,
1984), and hellce furthe r accreted crust extends to the
presen t-day trench axis.
In Ecuador the accretion ary complex bet\,'ct" 11 the
Banos-Las Aradas and the Ca lacali-PalLn:lnga Llul;, has
44
45
c 0
l 0 MB
"
"-
'X'
o
o
<
<v
0-
'<
10;,
()
Cl
-..J
cr:
:"
t::
:"
(
'./
:z
D
D
/
/
/ 0
/ !!:
'
'
I
/
80'
/~
70
1 0
10
1
10
1-
141
1<
I-..J
r- ,
f'
Exposed portions of
accretionary complex
Buried portion of
accretionary complex
Chota valley sequence
;;
/0
'-
'-
'
14.
P R iJ
Figure 30
/ 0
/ 0"
I er:
..-- \
/ 0"
r- J ~
,-
cr:
\
\
~JI
5 /
-..J
4"
<{
~ -..J
CUenCj
\
\
3 <t~ ~;:,.
./
()
1"
I",
1 ....
<t
l ev
C/)
JiJ
"'l:
( "----
"f I
o
"f ( ~
CJ
()
ORI ENTE
~~"f/
-.J
'\
I
I
\
\
;:,
-.J
-..J
"\
" ,
...J
LJ.J
ll.
---0-~'
Quito
"f /
()
()
-...
()
~
~ (
'Vo; 1/
Guamote division
Alao division
Chaucha 'basement'
Manu 'basement'
J
"--_
100Km
---'-_-'-----L---.JI
7iJ'
Sketch of eastern portion of N orthern Andean accretionary comp lex, Ecuador segment.
46
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
General
The principal mine ral of economic importance in the El
Oro Province is gold , which has been wo rked since pre
Colombian time. Reliabl e produ c tion figures are n ot
availa ble but probably be tween 2 and 3 tons of go ld are
extra cte d annually. Most o f the known a reas of eco
n o mic mineralisation are located close to, but outside of,
th e limits of th e El Oro metamorphic complex . T he
general distribution of these occ urre n ces is of inte rest
(Figure 31) sin ce there is a spa tial re lationship to th e
compl e x.
Th e m eso thermal / epitherm al polymetallic ve ins of
th e Po rtovelo/Zaruma ancl Ayapamba rnining districts
(lNEMIN-ACCD-ABOS, 1988; UNDP, 1972; Billingsley,
1926) account for m ost of the hard rock gold produc
tion. Recent discove ries in and a ro und Cerro Pelado,
including that o f a free gold-bearin g breccia pipe , are
also now being worked by various groups using ar tisa nal
me tho d s. To the north o f Ce rro Pelado, n ear Be lla
Ma ria, the Los Lile nes Croup (Ecumin as/ Odin ) is
ex tractiLlg about 0.25 to n / annum of gold fro m the Rio
Calaguro allu\ial d e p osit, a nd to the eas t, in the vicinity
of Cerro Az ul , go ld-be aring polyme tallic qu ar tz veins are
reportedl )' be in g \mrked. To th e we t of Cerro Azul, a t
Cerro Los Cangrejos, minor gold showings have bee n
record ed and in the Rio Du acay, upstream of Pl ayas d e
Du acay, a north- south- tre nding, approxim a te ly 1 m
wide , polymetallic \ ein is currently be ing e xploited. In
th e extreme east. small quan tit ies of go ld are worked
from the Ligzhn e pithcrm:11 d e p o sit (E Pillajo, p e rso n al
communi cati o n). In addit io n , a numbe r of shallow, now
abandon ed , adits that are t\ pi ca lh associated with sm all,
weakly min e ralised Ugold-beari 11 0 ) fracture s n ear intru
sive contacts, are prese nt in th f' L"zhcurrumi area, along
th e Chilla road and abo ut 1 km south of thf' ~ !TIall village
of Cerro Azul on the Paccha road.
<..
' .
,\
'
.,
I () ppl,
\ '; tilJ('S ( ..
AI 'e, I S
"
~..~~
~
J"
, __ --"";' " ,
,
"-,
"1...
Lilol1
' .
<\
'
1-...,
\ \
A.~ Ce,~
PeladO'
"'~. (AU~
," //
(Au)
AntiinonigAS6)
'.
",
'-
'
'
S.
,
(
0 ' "0
'
/,
i ....
\
[ ,
, :",...(?Au)
"
""
II
'
"
"
...
\
...
Chllla,ocha
',"
A I' 1;-
Qaucay
\ / ;'\.
(Au "9 Cu) I
\"'
6 ": - @
. 'r.
1X
(Au) .
.~ (Au)
.
" '
"
I -" ..
"
.0._
>
0'
"
i ..
<
,v'-f:
perro Pelado
El,Guayabo (Au As)
~ ',_, ".
"
....1-,'
'
"
~- ~
, <9 e '
(') 1 1 ZhU
9
1;
~f~
\'
y_
' / '"
,\
....
,I
I \ \ .,
.c._
1" .....,
...--'\
_.
\...
,?
I'
'
,,( ..
( .
,/
.
,'"
'-.... "
'
",
'-,
/' (
~~.
/,. ..
Taqul
'
'r
\
):
...
.-
\'
.-
...
.," ~- \
i
"1.
'
"
/ ,
,..
'"
\
"
."-.
( '
--'
It'
'1
~"
)'
'
'
.
P
..-
,l
\
I ,,,,
>
.J;:;~
./
'
."
>
/
y",
~' ,-,~,'
~ l"')
\
',
'
\.. /
\ ''"- '
"'
>
,,
'\
> ,-
'
...
.
,"
j
/
/
"'\
,-
;'.
'
~,
h'
' .'
''
).
',,
'\,
"\
-'\
"
J-.,(
"
Mining area
Abandoned mine
Active mine
100-1000 ppb Au
10-1 00 ppb Au
1'( v
,? ,./'-l
\./,. ,
"'
-....;....-
\,
, - '
~/J
' /
,I
y
' .': ---. ".,
,A.',
,I "
.. ' .
, :
1;'
, <~\
-I (( .
>
._
'
,"'.
" , " ,
:=,.
'
~.I ,~ "
/.'
\)' t ,,' ./
.J--'
I 1
I '7'--<
,> " - .', "
.'
r '"
,/
\
_'" \
'"
~ ~~ '.\
,_
i : }.
,I""
" <
'r-/,-.L -
'-.Q'
..r _ \ \ ....
_.\
~~, '-.,.",.--
'
'
\ ,\
~ -~
1-,
~ ,
A"
I>
)1_,
"""
1{
,)'
>
( \
,,(
,''\y~, ' k @ ""I,J.l:-;I I~)" "le'Y--''-'
.
':
\..;t
",t:~ ~ " ~ '\t- '\
'r- /
_,
, :\~dr {,~~ \~ .
,:j \
--,,'"
I'
-1'
f
,_
(
=" t- \ \ , ;.'j ,',_ ,
I
.,..
/ ) '
'
0 ......
I ./(,;rl'
\ .. '-'
,,'
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e\ '
..
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0......
"
(,'
l:"'.' \.
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'\..7' _,
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J'
7 " '0
(l
KEY
o
i
e
,. --..; . . t'l. t'.-', '\:,
~
e
~ ~ A' '".,/ - ,
~
<:P~
'X"
',_< ,<"
.' ,.0:>'"
J -'" ;,1.(Ailh~. ' ..x.
,' ,
1fT, \ '
~ ~o:v'4 . . . fA '\ rr', \ \
~
'\~r"
c_Z'
" '" a :;
;1! " ,.. ' / ' \
,' ..
'-yerroAi';l
-cerro'~
'/
_ Los C~eJos
\'
o,
,r
,-,
1,1'
~ , ./'
.\ ' , tl'1 '
'),,-
~i T 1()'
\
Ugarte ...
, , ',
J.
"
eo
(An, Alluvlai)ttI . _
\
" Los
"
I '
.-
T'
~,
~)
T
''""
<~~'K-r(:; "'-
-0
..>-
-;
7;.. ,
_ (
Ii"
l' .\
-I
'
'T1
'"
o '
m '\
c ,
en
-0
:{I
Fig-\In~
'
"
\'
'J
')"
f'g
- I
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<.D
<.D
t.n
_1
0'0
7.:1
en
7.:1
CT1
go
CT1
c;
CT1
48
',9
Introduction
Brick clays
The weathering products of tl1 e Marcabell pluton are espe
cially suited to brick and roof tile making since numerous,
small-scale operations are situated within its outcrop, par
ticularly in and around the towns of Balsas and Marcabeli.
Sand and gravel
Sand and gravel are taken from a number of rivers for
use in local construction. Potentially large tonnages of
sand are available in the lowe r reaches of the Quebradas
Palmales/ Chiquita. Th e former is worked inte;mittently
to supply both local and provincial requireme nts.
Ornamental stone
The various granites of the La Bocana granitoid complex
(e.g. La Fl orida pluton ) may have potential for orna
mental stone but deep weathering and the presence of
biotite muscovite co uld limit their usefulness. Equ ally,
within the Palenque melange division there are vari ous
serpentinites/serpentinised harzburgite bodi es. The
largest is the El Toro unit which may be of some interest.
50
Table 10
SAMPLE
RlVf.R
- -
AB-OOI F"*
AB-002 F P
AB-003 F P
A8-004 F P
AB-005 F P
AB-006 F P
AB-007 F P
AB-008 F P
AB-009 F P
f\B-OlO F P
AB-Ol1 F P
AB-0 12 F P
AB-013 F P
AB-01 4 F P
f\B-0 15FP
AB-016 F P
AB-017 F P
AB-0 18 F P
A8-019 F P
AB-020 F P
AB-021 F P
A8-022 F P
A8-023 F P
AB-025 F P
A8-025 F P
AS-026 F P
AB-027 F P
AB-028 F P
AB-029 F P
AB-030 F P
AB-031 F
AB-032 F P
AB-033 F P
AB-034 P
A8-035 F
AB-03o F P
AB-037 F P
AB-038 F P
AB-039 F P
AB-040 F P
AB-041 F P
AS-042 F P
AB-043 F P
;\B-044 F P
AB-045 F P
AB-046 F
A8-047 F P
AB-048 F P
A8-049 F
AB-050 F
AB051 F
AB-052 F P
AB-053 P '"
AB-054 F P
AB-055 F
AB-056 F P
AB-057 F
AB-058 F
AB-059 F P
AB-OoO F
AB-061 F P
AB-062 F P
U7.hcurrumi
U7.hcurrumi
Uzhcun-umi
Uzhcurrumi
Uzhcurrumi
Chilla
Uzhcurru mi
ChUla
Uzhcllrrumi
Uzhcurrumi
Uz hcu rrllmi
Santa Rosa
Santa Rosa
Santa Rosa
Santa Ros a
Chil la
Chilla
Chilla
Chi lla
Chilla
Chilla
Marcabeli
Marcabeli
Marcabeli
Marcabe li
IVlarcabe li
Marcabe li
Marca beli
Marcabeli
Marcabeli
Puyango
PlIyango
PlIya ngo
Puyango
PlIyango
La A\"dn7.acla
Marcabeli
Marca beli
Marca beli
Marcabe lf
Marcabeli
Marca beli
Marcabeli
Las Lajas
Paccha
Zaruma
Zarll ma
Zarurna
Zarllma
Zarum a
Zarurna
Sallliago
CalamayO
Pacclla
La ,-\\ anzada
La _-\\ anzacla
La A"anzada
La Ayanzada
La Ayanzada
La Avan~acla
La Avanzacla
La Avanzada
COOIU)Ii':ATF.S
Q. Santa Martha
R.
R.
R.
R.
R.
R.
Vivar
Moll e pungu
Muyu yac ll
QlIera
Quera
Cune
Q. Carabo ta
Q . Carabota
R. Casacay
R. I-Iuizho
R. Negro Trib.
Q. Las Pavas
R. Dumari
R. Dau cay Trib.
R. Colorado
R. Chi lo la
Q. Cerro Azul
R. Chillayacu Trib.
R. Palenque
R. Papayacll
R. 8 alsas Trib.
R. Balsas Trib.
R. Marcabeli
Q. Agua Negra
Q. Balsas
R. 8alsas Trib .
Q. Milag ro
Q. La Espe ranza
R. Marcabeli
Q . Los Zabalos
Q. Los ZabaJ os
Q . Las Palmas
R. Pu),ango Trib.
Q . EI Jn ca
R. Zaracay
R. Del Oro
Q. Primavera
Q. Valle H ermoso
Q. De GlIcrras
R. Zaracay
Q. Guayacan
Q. San Luis
Q. I.as Lajas Trib.
R. Moro-Moro
R. J ,oztllube
Q. Del Trapicbe
Q. Naranjo
Q. Del Baten
Q . Naranjo Trib.
Q. Usulaca
R. EI Ari
Q . De La Concha
Q. Chontas
Q. Plala
R. "Jara njo Trib.
R.. 'aranjo Trib.
R. '\aranjo Trib.
R. aranjo T rib.
Q. Pbuni llo
Q . De Damas
R. Santa Rosa
- -
6038-90355
6544-96358
0494-96340
6481-96348
6478-96328
6497-96309
6535-96323
6569-96289
6549-96322
6438-96319
6407-96316
6334-96220
6352-96 191
6376-96167
0384-96169
6407-96 181
640;)-96 173
6405-96109
6622-90289
6402-96265
6392-96255
6306-95858
6302-95859
6183-95779
6182-95810
6286-95848
6278-95838
6286-95852
6278-9585 1
6205-95824
6010-95720
60 10-95715
6056-95722
6042-95718
6002-95719
027 1-95959
6185-95878
6239-95901
0219-95906
6342-95785
6289-95928
6133-959 19
6 132-9:'>918
6081-95853
6403-95965
0476-95877
6:)74-95811
6583-95805
6599-95763
6582-95798
65 14-95838
6773-95798
6745-95661
0423-95962
6349-95958
6338-95965
6326-95963
6322-95963
6282-95967
6355-95966
6258-95983
0285-96031
SA.\ Il'I.FS
:l IAP SHEET
RIVER
COORDINATCS
AB-003 F
A8-004 F P
A8-065 F
AB-066 F
AB-007 F
AB-068 F
AB-069 F
A8-070 F
A8-071 F P
f\B-On F
AB-073 F
f\B-074 F
A8-075 F P
A8-076 F P
AB-077 F
A8-078 F P
A8-079 F
AB-080 F P
A8-081 F P
AB-082 F P
AB-083 F P
AB-084 F
AB-085 F P
AB-086 F P
AB-087 F P
AB-088 F P
AB-089 F
AB-090 F P
AB-091 F
AR-092 F P
AB-093 F P
AB-ml4 F P
La Avan7.ada
La Avan7ada
La Ava nzad a
La Avant.ada
La Ava nzada
La Avanzada
La Avanzacla
La Avanzada
La Avanzada
La AvaDl.ada
La Avanzada
La Avant.ad a
La Ava nzad a
l ,a Avanzada
La A\'anzada
Santa Rosa
La Avanzada
La Avanzacla
La Avanzada
l .a Avanzada
La Avanzacla
La AvaDl.acla
La Avanzada
La Ava nzada
l ,a Avanzacla
Santa Rosa
Santa Rosa
l ,a Avanzada
Santa Rosa
Santa Rosa
I ,a Avail zarIa
Santa Rosa
Q. Sabayan
R. Santa Rosa Trib.
R. Santa Rosa Trib.
R. Santa Rosa Trib.
R. Santa Rosa Trib.
R. Santa Rosa Trib.
R. Santa Rosa
Q. La Chilca
R. Sama Rosa Tlib.
R. Santa Rosa Trib.
R. Santa Rosa Trib.
Q. La Pereira
R. Viron Chico Trib.
R. Viron Chico Trib.
R. Viron Chico Trib.
R. Chico
Q. La Gargan ta
Q. Sambotambo
R. Peidras
Q. De Canas
R. Piedras Trib.
R. Naranjo Trib.
Est. Tomas
R. Santa Rosa
R. Santa Rosa Trib.
Est. CuJebrero Trib.
Est. La Qu e brada
R. Panllpali
R. Colorado
R. Raspas
R. Ras pas
Est. De I .a P07(l
6278-90028
6291-96037
6271-96034
6269-96035
6316-96041
0326-96038
6288-96034
6221-96046
6193-9604 1
6 181-96042
6177-96053
6170-96071
6289-96127
6290--96123
0268-96127
6260-96167
6180-95988
6349-95970
6204-95980
6153-95967
6206-95964
6236-05973
6185-96097
6163-96089
6181-90083
6257-96194
6262-96198
0324-9597 1
6353-96235
6354-96238
6208-96025
AB-095 F P
AB-096 F P
AB-097 F
AB-098 F
f\B-099 F
AB-lOO F
AB-I0J F
AB-I02 F P
AB-103F
AB-I04 F
AB- I05 F
AB-I06 F P
AB-107 F
AB- 108 F P
A8-109 F P
AB-IJOF
A8-111 F
A8-112 F
AB- 11 3 F
AB-11 4 F P
AB-1 15 P
AB-116 F P
AB-1l7 F P
AS-118 F
AB- I 19 F
A-120 F
AB-121 F P
AB- 122 F
AB-123 F P
Santa Rosa
Zaruma
Zarllma
Marcabeli
Marca beH
Zaruma
IVlarca bc lf
Chaguarpamba
Zaruma
Zaruma
Chaguarpamba
I ,as Lajas
Las Lajas
Marcabelf
Marcabeli
i'vlarcabe li
Aren illas
Las Lajas
Las Laj as
Arenillas
Arenil las
Chilla
Ch illa
Chilla
Chilla
Chilla
Chilla
Chill a
Chilla
egra
Est. Zapata
R. Ambocas
Q. Lim onri llo
Q. EI Duende
Q. El Ca ucho
Q. AJejan ita
Q. De Nalacapa
R. Yagllachi
Q. El Salado
Q. Cha upi
Q. EI Belen
Q. EI Guarllmo
Q. EI Guarumo
Q. Brun o
Q. Bruno Trib.
Q. Bruno Trib.
Q. Tahuin Chico
Q. Canoas
Q. Canas
Q. Las Pa lmas
R. Arenillas
R. Casacay
R. Gallo Can tana
R. Casacay Trib.
Est. Dumari
R. Casacay Trib.
R. Casacay T ri b.
R. Dumari
R. Casacay Trib.
-- -
6299-96226
6309-96220
6648-958 14
6647-958 18
6386-95855
6382-95859
6395-9588J
638.'1-95893
6557-95760
6512-95858
66 15-95775
6612-95729
60 18-95899
6016-9587
6115-95946
6117-95945
6 121-95946
60S.'i-9595 I
60;') 0-95942
6047-9S925
6111 -96045
6095-96006
6502-96218
6501 -962 17
6492-96228
6490-96237
6488-96247
6479-96254
645 1-96283
6452-96292
~1
Continued
SAMPl.F.
MAP SHEET
RlVEI{
COORD I NATLS
SA..' IPLES
MAP SHEET
RJVE!(
COOIU)I:--IATES
AB-124F
AB-125 F
AB-126 F
AB-127 F
A13-128 F
AB-129 F
AB-130 F
AB-131 F
AB-132 F
AB-133 F
AB-134 F
AB-135 F
AB-136 F
AB-1 37 F
AB-1 38 F
AB-139 F
AB-140 F
AB-Hl F
AB-142 F
Ch illa
Chi lla
ChUla
Chilla
Chilla
Chilla
Chilla
Ch illa
Chilla
Chilla
Chi lla
Chilla
Chill a
Chilla
Chilla
Ch ill a
Chilla
Chilla
Chilla
6393-96 198
6397-96199
6396-96211
6397-96216
6398-96217
6398-9621 8
6395-96216
6397-96231
6398-96231
6398-96233
6399-96237
6528-96261
6522-96265
6522-96266
6510-96281
6511-96284
6519-96180
6518-96180
AB-143 F
AB-144 F
AB-145 F
AB-146 F
AB-147 F
AB-148 F
Chilla
Chilla
Chi lla
Chilla
Uchcurrumi
Uzhcurrumi
R. Colorado Trib.
R. Co lorado
R. Raspas Trib.
R. Raspas Trib.
R. Rasp as Trib.
R. Rasp as
R. Raspas Trib.
Est. San Antonio
Est. San Antonio
Est. San Antoni o
Est. San Antonio
R Quera Trib.
R. Qu era Trib.
R. Quera
R. Quera Trib.
R. Quera Trib.
R. Casacay
R. Casacay Trib.
R. Gallo Cantana
Trib.
R. Gallo Can tan a
Est. Dumari
R. Huizho Trib.
R. Huizho Trib.
Est. Las Minas
R. Huizho
AB- 149 F
AB-150 F
AB-151 F
AB-152 F
AB-153 F
AB-154 F
AB-155 F
AB-156 F
AB-157 F
AB-158 F
AB-159 F
AB-160 F
AB-161 F
AB-162 F
AB-163 F
AB-164 F
AB-165 F
AB-166 F
AB-167 F
AB-1 68 F
AB-169F
A13-170 F
AB-171 F
AB-ln F
AB-173F
Chilla
Uzh currumi
Chilla
Chilla
Ch illa
Chilla
Santiago
Santiago
Santiago
San tiago
Santiago
Santiago
Sanliago
Santiago
Catarnayo
Catarnayo
Catamayo
Catamayo
Zamma
Zaruma
1,as Lajas
l ,as Lajas
Las Laj as
Las Laj as
Las Lajas
R. Huizho Trib.
R. Tobar
Q. Trancaloma
R. Chillayacu
R. Chillayacu Trib.
Q. E1 Pindo
R. Naranjo
R. Suares
R. Suares Trib.
R. Granadillo
R. Arnbocas
R. Arnbocas Trib.
Q. Tabloncillo
Q. Luwrnbe
Q. Del Sharve
Q. Del Verd e
Q. Del Sharve
Q. Del Shan'e
Q. San Joaquin
Q. Rumipotrero
Q. Lajas Trib
Q. EI Guineo Trib.
Q. EI Guineo Trib.
Q. Palmales
Q. Palmales
6405-96299
6404-96319
6604-9625 5
6614-96284
6598-96287
6590-96297
6739-95795
6698-95799
6699-95799
6681-95802
6673-95806
6671-95810
6668-95817
6672-95827
6713-95733
6692-95746
6682-95752
6674-95759
6663-95762
6631-95788
6023-95801
5987-95854
5985-95851
6068-95888
6067-95887
:;::;:
6502-96 194
6500-96194
6484-96195
6423-96281
6413-96295
6400-96391
6402-96318
F
p
R.
Rio
Q.
Quebrada
Est. Estero
Trib. TributaT)'
52
Table 11
Samp le
No.
AB 1*
AB2
AB3
AB4
AB5
AB6
AB7
AB8
AB9
ABI0
AB11
AB 12
ABI 3
AB 14
AB 15
AB 16
AB 17
AB 18
AB19
AB 20
AB21
AB 22
AB 23
AB 24
AB 25
AB26
AB27
AB28
AB29
AB30
AB31
AB 32
AB33
AB34
AB 35
AB36
AB37
ABS8
AB 39
AB40
AB41
AB42
AB43
AB44
AB45
AB46
AB47
AB48
AB 49
AB50
A.B 51
AB52
AB53
.-\B 54
AB55
AI
PCT
-
2.32
2.64
2.49
3. 71
2.45
2.14
2.65
4.64
2.05
2.43
2.97
2.43
2.22
3.40
3.39
3.14
3.15
2.75
190
2.80
2.62
192
1.1 3
1.05
0.92
1 51
143
1.18
0.71
1.13
1.77
1.42
1.19
1.15
1.67
123
1.29
2.00
165
1.58
153
3.07
3.27
1.38
3.44
1.42
195
2.34
1.46
3.17
1.10
3.06
'2.09
4.38
'2. 79
FeTot Mn Mg
PCT
PCT PCT
--
4.99
6.97
6.85
3.80
2.48
2.72
302
3.69
2.74
2.85
3.5 1
3.45
4.10
7.19
3.48
3.10
4.94
7.60
4.34
2.74
3.24
2.18
139
126
1.26
2.03
1.69
2.03
0.84
1.52
193
1.69
146
1.39
1.92
1.75
1.66
2.25
2.07
2.15
1.93
2.95
3.34
1.91
4.45
2.11
2.46
2.38
1.50
2.76
141
4.54
3.66
4.82
3.07
Ca
PCT
Na
PCT
K
V
Cr
Co
PCT PPM PPM PPM
0.56
0.51
0.32
0.47
0.77
1.11
0.81
0.72
0.36
0.80
0.81
0.25
0.37
0.43
0.21
0.19
0.22
0.20
0.33
0.46
0.17
0.43
0.16
0.34
0.06
0.89
0.61
0.70
0.60
0.49
181
0.42
0.22
0.17
0.16
0.32
0.22
0.22
0.09
0.23
0.35
0.10
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.17
0.05
0.05
0.02
0.04
0.15
0.26
0.26
0.31
0.40
0.49
0.42
0.30
0.27
0.46
0.69
0.25
0.27
0 17
0.71
0.37
0.30
0.25
0.22
0.48
0.51
0.47
0.29
0.27
0.25
0.35
0.33
035
0.15
0.32
0.19
0.18
0.19
0.10
0.19
0.26
0.28
0.34
0.38
0.24
0.35
0.63
0.62
0.28
0.58
0.27
0.34
0. 32
0.17
0.50
0.21
0.76
0.55
0.61
0.55
0.08
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.07
0.15
0.07
0.06
0.14
0.13
0.05
0.30
0.06
0.15
0.07
0.06
0.10
0.09
0.02
0.09
0.06
0.03
0.04
004
002
0.09
0.08
0.04
0.08
0.03
0.06
0.02
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.05
0.07
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.05
0.02
0.05
0.01
0.02
<0.01
002
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
<0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.05
<0.01
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
<0.01
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.02
Ni
PPM
Cu
PPM
Zn
PPM
As
PPM
---------
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.05
003
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.05
004
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.09
0.05
0.07
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.06
0.03
0.09
0.06
0.03
0.07
0.03
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.05
0.28
0.38
0.50
0.59
0.30
0.49
0.53
0.68
0.45
0.70
0.1 4
042
3.48
0.39
0.17
0.41
0.38
0.31
0.26
0.39
0.35
0.35
0.54
0.51
0.41
0.43
0.69
0.69
0.35
0.11
0.36
0.39
0.37
0.25
0.39
0.28
0.22
0.21
0.14
0.52
148
96
133
92
47
46
56
73
100
61
53
107
157
348
54
73
150
322
132
63
58
31
17
14
15
28
20
36
12
18
24
17
13
15
18
20
21
31
29
18
24
49
53
23
99
24
30
37
16
28
17
73
101
114
45
85
48
160
94
112
300
265
100
158
261
224
187
207
143
130
236
161
192
68
172
299
100
168
245
219
212
143
219
203
267
378
353
122
266
196
281
188
396
342
76
269
145
148
157
51
118
103
137
179
42
194
38
31
50
174
9
11
53
12
15
9
10
12
10
8
9
10
11
13
13
18
16
14
10
9
18
7
4
4
4
7
7
6
3
5
6
5
6
4
7
5
5
7
6
8
6
9
10
5
16
6
9
7
4
9
5
14
14
18
10
6
43
73
7 8067 107
93
11 2629
9
58
63
22
41
53
25
46
56
26
39
51
12
75
30
II
42
54
25
54
30
25
29
74
18
37
46
14
47
33
15
75
51
62
41
38
29
187
50
23
98
38
48
21
36
6
14
64
19
23
53
144
28
59
15
11
42
27
11
8
25
10
8
11
8
21
11
10
36
11
9
31
14
12
39
6
16
8
14
9
30
17
12
33
10
28
16
13
9
35
11
8
24
15
12
33
25
10
44
13
10
34
20
12
44
19
12
41
16
45
12
16
21
22
13
15
14
11
14
12
13
10
16
18
12
24
11
38
19
70
21
75
9
39
21
71
I 1 44
10 119
12
51
9
78
12
78
61
9
3 1 122
45 225
96
28
22
76
28
170
496
24
11
8
6
15
51
10
15
20
10
10
22
206
55
22
37
16
16
13
8
6
10
5
15
7
<5
<5
8
11
10
6
7
9
9
<5
11
10
8
10
10
9
20
15
6
8
10
7
16
101
26
48
9
OVERSEAS GEOL.
Table 11
No.
Sr
Y
PPM PPM
AB 1
AB2
16
All
24
A..B
31
21
16
17
J5
AB5
AB6
8
14
7
AB7
16
AB8
1
74
6
6
7
5
3
PPM
PPM
Th
PPM
&
PPM
PPM.
PPM
0.2
JI I
15.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
7
91
46
<10
<10
<10
112
54
153
267
11
36
12
190
28
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<5
<10
<10
6
<5
<10
<10
<10
<10
155
141
164
103
150
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<5
<5
<10
<10
<10
<10
204
100
101
103
162
<20
<5
<5
<5
<5
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
173
133
102
136
134
<10
149
97
69
65
57
<0.2
AB9
ABI0
22
21
8
8
35
AB 11
AB12
19
23
12
24
11
10
7
5
6
9
4
3
4
3
3
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
35
38
15
7
8
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
0.2
<0.2
<0.2
37
41
2
3
2
2
2
10
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
ABI3
AB 14
AB 15
AB16
ABI7
ABI8
A8J9
All 20
AB 21
AB 22
AS 23
AB24
All
5
5
AB26
A.B 27
AB28
AB 29
AB 30
8
6
All
AB32
AB
AH34
AS 35
13
8
8
9
9
AB36
AB37
AB
AH
All
A841
l\B 42
AB43
}\B44
All 45
All
AB47
AB48
i\B 49
i\B 50
l\H 51
AB52
AB
All
AB55
6
4
lO
11
8
7
6
<0.2
<0.2
10
8
I
4
6
3
2
3
1
4
5
5
6
1
1
5
9
8
8
9
5
5
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
d).2
<02
<0':2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
7
32
4
2
<0.2
29
7
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
9
7
5
1
6
30
41
30
15
6
10
9
10
6
13
8
11
12
8
2
1
2
1
2
3
<1
3
1
1
3
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
d12
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<02
<02
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<20
<20
<20
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
9
8
12
23
8
<0.2
<0.2
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
dl.2
<0.2
<0.2
<20
<20
<20
<0.2
<0.2
0.6
<20
<20
<20
<02
<20
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
104
95
87
<10
101
89
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
7
<5
<5
7
<5
<5
63
17
12
146
26
15
77
22
21
22
<10
<10
<10
81
79
33
96
105
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
93
127
146
76
104
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
120
106
72
138
<20
<20
<20
30
25
29
27
24
1
110
5
50
33
33
62
13
18
11
15
13
11
12
<5
<5
<5
632
646
<5
<5
<5
<5
<20
]0
<20
<20
<20
10
9
<5
<20
<5
<5
<5
<20
14
10
<5
<5
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
11
7
13
8
<20
<20
10
8
14
<20
<20
12
<20
<20
<20
<5
12
10
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
11
<5
11
<5
<5
<.5
<5
<20
6
<5
<5
16
<5
<5
<5
16
7
22
.511
<5
12
<20
<20
<20
<20
PPB
17
323
13
14
99
<10
26
15
15
6
<20
<20
<10
<10
10
14
14
14
12
<20
80
120
<5
<20
18
9
8
<10
126
16
41
44
1198
1389
<20
<20
24
18
23
25
<5
57
117
89
17
21
27
21
<20
<20
405
<20
<20
12
22
ill
PPM
PPM
13
18
25
17
<5
<5
<5
W
PPiV!
<.5
<5
<5
<.5
<5
<5
5
<5
124
<20
<20
157
20
<5
<20
23
35
17
III
<5
26
11
<.5
<.5
122
12
10
<20
<20
159
7
90
<20
<20
<5
1995
53
54
Table 11
(conti nued)
Sample
No.
Al
FeTol Mil
PCT PCT
PCT
Mg
PCT
Ca
PCT
AB 56
AB 57
AB 58
A59
AB60
3.28
3.16
3.57
2.94
2.70
3.35
3.84
3.53
3.48
3.69
0.07
0.06
007
0.10
0.07
1.30
0.99
0.72
0.90
0.88
3. ll
1.45
0.58
1.40
l.J 3
0.1:1
0.07
0.04
0. 05
0.04
0.17
0.29
0.4l
0.27
0.:10
107
93
68
81
90
211
164
162
226
117
AB 61
AB62
AB63
AB 64
AB65
2. 11 3.52
1.68 3.98
2.55 3.55
U8 4.56
3.244.l7
0.06
0.03
0.06
0.01
0.03
0.73
0.32
0.90
0.1 4
1.07
U 3
0. 17
0.93
0.05
0.47
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.0 l
0.03
0.06
0.27
0. 15
0.30
0.22
108
47
84
17
93
AB66
AB 67
AB68
AB 69
AB 70
2.49
3. 77
2.5 7
1m
2.74
5.2 1
3.69
2.35
3.07
3.31
1.94
3.34
1.88
2.84
1.56
3.24
4.48
387
4.29
2.03
0.08
0.20
0.60
0.05
0.10
0.48
0.44
0.24
0.50
0.63
0.21
0.60
0.12
0.28
0.25
72
73
74
75
0.27
0.73
0. 56
0.10
0.19
0.52
0.59
1.09
0.4 J
0.57
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.01
0.02
AS 71
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.01
0.04
0.07
0. 22
0.17
0.14
0.0:\
0.03
0.05
0.0:1
007
007
AB 76
AB 77
AB 78
AS 79
AB 80
2.58
2.20
1.51
1.92
1.76
2. 80
2.83
1.86
0.05
0.09
0.03
007
0.04
0.62
0.41
0.30
1.34
1.76
0.54
050
0.39
0.43
0.43
AB 8 J
AB 82
AB83
AB84
AB85
1.85
2.67
2.39
2.3 1
0.87
2.70
4.70
4.29
3.86
2.35
AB86
AB87
AB88
AB89
AB90
AB 9 1
AB92
AB93
AB94
AB 95
AB go
AB 97
AB98
AB 99
AB 100
2. 18
U3
4.05
3.68
1. 34
l.:I:I
15 1
2.67
0.27
1.56
0.38
0.64
0.51
2. 19
0.32
0.33
0.28
1.57
0.07
0.27
0. 10
0.2 1
0.13
067
AB
AS
AB
AB
:~.96
3.36
Na
PCT
K
V
Cr
Co
PCT PPM PPM PPM
Ni
PPM
Cu
PPM
Zn
PPM
22
15
14
21
17
49
44
33
54
40
36
:IS
3J
33
53
107
142
187
98
244
21
9
18
6
23
35
32
60
14
11 3
79
65
51
22
65
87
J 14
47
103
78
:1:1
30
12
14
18
91
35
26
544
27
134
104
38
46
42
0.1 8
0.33
0.33
0.27
0.16
65
85
58
98
49
167
210
537
108
124
17
13
10
6
8
18
24
25
17
7
55
61
212
46
13
51
81
32
53
53
005
0.04
0.04
0.09
0.08
0.25
0.27
0.19
0.33
0.1 3
61
53
39
76
65
100
127
154
190
97
14
l3
6
19
19
15
15
12
35
45
0.08
0.08
0.07
0. 15
0.06
0.39
0.54
05'1
0.20
0.21
44
72
85
lOO
27
14:1
279
150
147
130
14
18
17
28
5
0.08
0.08
0.09
0. 14
O.ll
0.22
0.26
0.27
0.49
0. 18
64
54
19
19
14
72
145
121
193
231
149
As
PPM
51
57
8:1
56
59
15
49
14
22
13
46
49
387 126
6 1 69
676 23 1
70
98
83
J06
59
81
47
<5
>200
40
>2000
80
467
16
13
1979
32
20
2:)
13
<5
100
220
295
19
23
40
292
205
39
69
78
11 50
>2000
49
<5
<5
24
33
29
6J
15
17
27
32
44
18
65
76
89
71
67
3
18
63
23
16
13
61
72
30
8
7
37
145
82
34
22
73
71
70
59
5J
50
<5
<5
<5
7
5
98
<5
<5
<5
<5
17
<5
28
10
<5
7
15
7
10
<5
LEi
1.37
1.28
2.48
1. 09
3.50
0.08
0.35
0.11
0.07
0.01
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.05
2.67
2.63
1.65
1.49
2.35
2.88
2.98
2.97
2.32
:1.:1:1
0.05
004
0.06
0.02
0.05
2.06
2.35
1 25
0 84
1.36
0. 36
0. 38
0.68
0.18
0.43
0.09
0.11
0.1 0
0.07
0.11
0.27
0.32
0.09
0.26
0.23
57
59
63
33
85
163
269
165
196
186
14
15
20
9
1:1
40
85
41
32
26
32
:I I
40
20
22
1.76
4.04
1.09
U 8
0.75
2.40
4.67
1.80
1.60
1. 34
3:1
74
19
18
14
2.33
:1.90
4.68
2.65
2.39
0.08
0. 12
0. 17
0.01
0.03
0.08
0.69
0.60
0.60
0.21
0. 30
0.39
0.29
0.39
0.21
1.84
2.24
3 0I
3.29
2.04
0. 73
1.1:1
0.51
0.68
0.37
0.97
J .0 J
1.90
1.59
08 1
0.0:\
0.02
0.05
0.03
0.02
AB 101
AB 102
;-\B 103
.-ill 104
.-ill 105
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.11
0.06
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.06
0.1 1
0.03
0.48
0.29
0.50
0.49
0.28
27
100
96
38
43
18 1
J 32
290
14 1
68
25 7
208
139
187
185
7
15
6
7
5
9
13
20
8
7
18
26
17
15
10
21
22
27
19
19
15
J6
35 140
JO 13
9
19
8
13
13
58
3:1 11 8
4J J 10
17 119
12 112
<5
22
30
17
17
.-ill
.-ill
.-ill
.-ill
,-\B
120
l.5 7
l.53
290
UO
2.08
2.43
2.78
4.:12
4.92
0.04
0.0'1
0.04
0.07
0.07
0.33
0.41
0.24
0.42
0.75
0.15
0.08
0.12
0.2 1
0.22
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.03
O.4J
0.53
0.33
0.43
0.54
26
29
41
74
81
139
186
192
1JO
119
5
6
6
12
18
13
16
17
24
36
12
12
17
33
41
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
106
107
108
109
110
9
5
38
45
44
72
105
Table 11
(continued)
Sample
Sr
Mo
Ag
Cel
No
PPM PPM
PPM
PPM
PPM PPM
AB 56
AB 57
AB 58
AB 59
AB 60
35
23
18
28
25
24
20
20
15
28
1
3
2
3
<10
<0.2
<0,2
<0.2
<0,2
<0,2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<5
7
7
<5
<5
<10
AB 61
AB 62
AB 63
AB64
AB 65
24
16
24
II
18
12
<0,2
4,8
<0.2
9.0
<0.2
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
10
<1
<10
<10
<10
<10
d.O
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<5
51
<5
93
147
AB 66
AB 67
AB 68
AS69
AB 70
9
25
20
12
14
11
6
dO
dO
d
dO
J1
1.8
<0,2
<0.2
95
<0,2
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<20
<20
<20
21
<20
AB 71
AB 72
AB 73
AB 74
AB 75
23
23
17
28
23
dO
12
< 10
< 10
<10
<10
<0,2
<0,2
<0.2
<0.2
1.9
<1.0
<1.0
< 1.0
<1.0
d.O
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
AB 76
24
30
21
16
14
<10
< 10
<10
4
5
1.5
2,9
<0.2
0.2
0.2
<1.0
< 1.0
< 1.0
<0.2
. 0.5
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
11
19
20
12
4
4
4
2
4
0,2
0.3
0,2
<0.2
0.3
0,8
0.3
<0,2
<0,2
0,7
10
5
3
4
6
6
0.7
0.3
<0.2
<0.2
0.3
5
8
8
4
7
AB 77
AB 78
AB 79
AB 80
AB 81
AB 82
AB 83
AB 84
AB 85
AB
AB
AS
AB
86
87
88
89
AB 90
AB 91
AB 92
AB 93
AB 94
AB 95
Hi
24
19
21
12
16
16
16
13
22
21
23
21
12
25
8
10
8
14
7
9
10
7
38
8
6
4
9
6
10
7
10
Pb
Bi
ALI
PPM
PPB
< 10
<10
28
<10
43
<10
54
107
85
105
146
3
26
11
34
16
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
5
153
8
296
22
<5
57
<5
104
<5
36
3558
40
7166
184
286
<5
<5
59
<5
<10
<: 10
<10
47
<10
85
170
116
107
80
24
28
11
31
31
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
123
19
12
153
21
<5
<5
<5
87
<5
249
11
5133
34
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<10
14
25
24
23
16
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
11
18
13
15
21
<5
<5
37
16
<10
<10
<10
140
239
131
121
66
<.')
<5
<5
10
283
6
<5
<5
<5
< 10
<10
<10
<10
<10
103
122
83
136
68
13
16
14
244
9
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
128
251
18
10
8
8
17
<5
<5
<5
1069
2895
56
<5
20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
< 10
<10
<10
< 10
<10
130
329
196
75
62
30
85
85
12
20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
14
14
16
<2
9
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
10
<5
10
116
1.4
1,2
0.3
<0.2
<0.2
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
5
<5
<5
<5
<:')
<10
<10
<10
98
84
77
18
29
11
dO
101
98
14
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
30
11
8
7
5
<5
<5
<5
<5
416
<5
38
<5
<5
0.2
<0,2
04
0.7
0,3
0.5
0.7
0.7
1.1
03
<20
25
<20
<20
<20
<5
<5
<5
<10
<5
<10
< 10
<10
137
156
72
92
11 5
16
40
9
41
17
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
16
18
14
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
51
13
57
1560
425
4
3
5
3
2
<0,2
0. 3
0,3
<0.2
0.3
0.4
1. 4
<0.2
0.8
0, 4
22
25
<20
<20
<20
9
17
6
7
<5
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
81
131
78
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
19
30
13
18
Ei
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
50
<5
12
50
38
100
17
19
20
0.2
0.6
0.7
0.4
0.4
0,5
2.2
1.5
26
<20
<20
<20
<20
8
18
21
15
12
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
104
173
178
104
85
30
12
105
52
29
<20
<2 0
<20
<20
<20
17
22
44
48
40
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
13
110
30
70
<0,2
<0.2
<02
<02
<0,2
<1.0
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<10
<10
89
107
138
208
271
117
68
260
134
93
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
2
<2
7
17
18
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
10
43
27
30
13
29
18
10
6
8
3
3
4
11
12
14
19
22
37
15
33
30
31
2
1
2
2
2
ABI10
PPI'vI PPM
24
<5
<5
<5
11 3
AS IOI
AB 108
AB 109
IN
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
6
5
AB 106
AB 107
I,a
PPM
6
9
13
8
16
AB 102
AB I 03
AB 104
AS 105
Ba
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
9
22
9
9
Te
54
50
64
33
91
9
13
9
4
Sb
74
11 9
154
154
124
AB96
An 97
AB98
An 99
AS 100
Sn
I.l
0,9
d,O
d,O
< 1. 0
<1.0
<;J
dO
dO
dO
dO
<10
dO
dO
< 10
<10
77
II
16
1.')
10
55
56
Table II
Sample
No.
_.-
( continued)
AI
PCT
FeTol Mn
Mg
PCT
PCT PCT
- -
- --
Ca
PCT
--
V
K
PCT PPM
--0.06 0. 21
67
0.05 0.43
45
0.05 0.52
54
0.02 0.04
77
Na
PCT
AB l11
AB 11 2
AB 11 3
AB 11 4
AB 11 5
1.84 2.80
0.05
1.78 2.79
005
2. 50 3.34
0.06
1.22 9.25
0. 12
No f1l1\~al samp le
0.63
0.4 1
0.53
5.88
1.44
0.54
0.70
0.42
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
116
117
11 8
119
120
2.16
1.98
1.56
3.22
2. 10
1.77
2.2 1
1.93
219
2.58
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.57
0.48
0.27
0.63
0.29
0.31
0.12
0.04
0.16
0.07
0 .05
002
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.28
0.45
0.36
0.48
0.32
AB 121
AB 122
A B 123
AB 124
AB 125
2.24
2.41
2.36
3.46
3.65
2.05
2. 71
2.45
3.54
3.05
2.45
2.10
2.40
2.1 J
2.50
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
007
0.42
0.63
057
1.03
1. 23
0.15
0.31
0.18
0.66
0.30
1.41
1.80
1.72
2.11
2.39
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.67
0.86
0.22
0.80
1.1 7
0.33
0.39
0.05
0.25
0.24
0.06
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.02
0.05
0.06
<0 .01
0.04
0.03
4.02
3.36
3.31
3.35
2.43
3.04
2.41
2.40
2.77
2.44
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.03
1. 66
0.88
0.92
0.78
0. 73
1.08
025
0.25
0.19
0. 12
0.15
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.13
0.56
0.60
0.47
0.38
2.93
2.56
2.59
2.92
3.20
2.50
2.42
2.00
2.08
3.32
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.55
0.63
0.55
0.7 1
0. 88
0.02
0.D3
0.04
008
0.06
0.75
058
0.43
057
0.34
321
3.66
2.42
4.59
2.37
2.59
2.61
2.82
2.76
2.83
004
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.64
0.83
0.63
0.91
0.40
0.06
O.LO
0.18
0.34
0.50
0.49
0.27
0.14
0.30
0.10
0.1 3
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.Q3
0.36
0. 55
0.54
0.37
0.54
2.05
1.25
1.68
1.71
1.54
2.85
2.78
2.59
3.10
2.64
0.04
0.06
0.D4
0.05
0.07
0.47
0.20
0.42
0.46
0.31
0.16
0.11
0.11
0.14
0. 16
0.02
00 1
0.02
0.02
0.03
2.85
2.51
3.09
2.44
2.58
2.44
2.40
2.62
1.99
3.04
4.20
3.04
2.41
2.86
7.05
0 .50
0.53
0.74
0.83
0.80
0.52
0.5 1
0.79
0.39
0.64
0.24
0.38
1.02
0.46
0. 36
0.10
0.10
0.23
0.11
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.25
0.06
0.06
3.21
4.25
4.71
2.4 1
2.59
0.05
0.05
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.41
0.23
0.37
0.40
0.38
0.17
0.24
0.27
0.38
0.22
0.04 0.47
0.02 0 .38
0.05 0.43
0.04 0.39
0.0 1 0.42
2.58
3.25
1.50
1.46
1.20
2.76
3.28
1.80
1.85
1.52
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.64
0.74
0.21
0.39
0.14
0.18
0.12
0.1 3
0.10
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.0 1
0.01
An 126
AB 127
AB 128
AB 129
AB 130
AB 131
AB 132
AB 133
AB 134
AB 135
AB 136
AB
AB
An
An
An
AB
AB
137
138
139
140
14 1
142
143
AS 144
AB 145
AB 146
An 147
AB 148
AB 149
AB 150
AB 151
AB 152
AB 153
AB 154
AB 155
fill 156
AB 157
AB 1.')8
AB 159
AB 160
.AB 161
AS 162
AS 163
AS 164
AB 165
Cr
Co
PPM PPM
Ni
PPM
Cli
PPtl'1
Zn
PPM
As
PPM
- -
150
205
202
1820
12
7
19
164
26
20
10
1696
20
17
18
13
38
49
65
74
<5
<5
<5
<5
55
79
43
64
68
69
131
197
151
162
8
7
6
12
16
19
19
30
32
15
22
20
31
37
0.40
0.46
0. 51
0.25
0.32
65
60
83
72
96
190
131
98
160
193
9
9
12
14
16
30
28
24
42
39
43
32
37
51
43
68
60
59
76
88
85
62
83
67
94
0.24
0.29
0. 16
0.44
0.30
50
61
56
71
66
121
70
68
83
69
143
160
106
132
187
9
11
4
12
18
23
33
18
38
81
28
34
25
48
47
40
53
49
59
87
27
<5
19
24
<5
18
<5
<5
36
<5
40
18
12
53
33
145
135
150
144
190
30
15
14
15
18
95
48
52
51
76
11 0
54
45
57
52
58
76
76
101
81
<5
10
47
37
7
29
44
31
32
16
17
28
24
33
19
28
36
30
30
22
104
88
50
51
63
31
34
8
<5
51
29
28
25
26
22
53
66
66
90
61
9
9
8
11
11
0.34
0.43
0.41
0.29
0.25
11
63
65
57
63
80
92
61
51
75
41
135
192
187
226
129
10
11
11
10
11
98
168
184
186
231
83
35
46
69
45
155
76
79
126
250
10
10
8
12
8
10
10
9
12
85
54
76
73
175
59
102
11 3
36
33
68
55
147
96
136
265
254
204
354
140
45
43
15
18
18
146
150
193
106
168
27
20
18
25
20
17
12
19
31
10
27
21
22
29
22
89
45
58
66
47
10
34
12
11
7
30
16
31
41
28
58
63
51
51
90
15
23
19
20
27
14
11
16
16
16
17
19
15
19
14
14
59
62
65
49
71
20
27
18
14
44
10
12
8
9
6
16
23
12
14
10
15
21
9
10
10
65
88
112
49
39
40
48
<5
6
15
10
14
10
10
13
18
11
12
13
9
Table II
Sr
Y
PPM PPM
No.
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
(tonlmued)
Mo
Ag
PP:\.1 PPM
III
112
27
31
<l
21
64
1
114
115
56
8
5
No fluvial
A..B 116
AB 117
24
AB US
AB 119
AB 120
5
16
29
2
<1
2
4
13
13
12
121
122
123
124
125
II
17
44
19
II
37
27
9
9
8
<1
AB 126
22
AB 127
25
5
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB 128
AB 129
AB 130
AB
AB
AB
AB
13]
132
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
136
137
138
139
140
22
29
20
11
10
9
7
10
11
13
A.B141
AB 142
AB 143
AB 144
AB 145
AB 146
AB 147
AB 148
AB 149
AB ]50
AS
AB
AB
AB
AB
151
152
153
154
155
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
156
17
II
13
21
32
35
1
<1
2
2
d
1
3
<1
2
4
5
11
12
<1
<1
12
I
<I
2
11
13
24
16
9
8
14
9
5
15
3
3
13
11
14
25
34
9
8
d
<1
2
2
<1
.5
22
Sn
PPM
Sb
Te
PPM PPM
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<20
<20
<20
<20
<5
<5
<5
<5
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<1.0
<1.0
.0
<1.0
<1.0
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<5
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
.0
<1.0
<l.0
<5
<5
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<5
<5
9
La
PPM
W
PPM
Pb
PPM
dO
<10
dO
<10
169
432
290
<I
<20
<20
<20
<20
>2
14;3
162
39
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
93
99
113
150
146
1l
66
<20
<20
<20
<20
8
6
11
17
10
<5
<5
<5
7
<5
<10
148
158
148
11
8
<5
<5
<5
<5
30
<5
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
.0
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
.0
.0
9
<5
<10
<10
<10
<10
dO
<10
<10
<10
133
201
103
167
60
195
128
161
51
86
78
233
18
10
18
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<5
<5
14
<20
18
16
<5
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<2
<5
7
7
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
18
16
25
<5
<10
140
<10
156
<10
<10
<10
122
192
144
39
38
20
25
<5
<5
<5
<5
<10
133
11
<20
<20
<]()
99
14
<20
<I
<1.0
<1.0
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
0.5
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
.0
.0
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<5
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
d.O
d.O
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
158
159
160
II
11
8
24
Ll
AB 161
,'\B 162
13
13
21
f\B 163
14
:J
AB 164
AB 165
8
:)
5
5
3
4
2
1
3
0.3
0.2
0.2
<0.2
0.4
25
27
18
48
65
103
59
27
21
<20
<20
<20
<20
17
22
<10
177
14
<5
<5
<5
<10
<10
<10
122
120
87
10
13
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
dO
<10
<10
<10
<10
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<5
<5
dO
99
1 9
<5
<5
dO
<10
<10
96
67
118
13
14
<5
32
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
16
12
20
12
29
<5
<5
10
<5
14
34
<5
11
89
<5
19
12
127
<5
5
7
Hi
<10
13
112
<10
<5
8
8
100
12
12
<10
<5
14
15
11
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<0.2
0.3
0.3
<0.2
0.2
77
<5
<20
<20
<20
]()
22
12
<5
<5
<5
<5
27
187
159
216
252
124
13
16
II
<5
<5
<5
<5
94
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
dO
10
<5
<5
10
19
149
151
162
144
d.O
Bi
Au
PPM PPB
15
<10
<10
dO
<10
<10
13
12
16
19
<5
<5
<1.0
d.O
Ba
PPM
dO
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
5
3
<5
<5
<0.2
dl.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
157
<5
6
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
6
4
7
23
133
134
l\B 135
17
Cd
PPM
12
<5
<5
<5
<20
<20
17
16
18
<20
11
30
<20
20
<5
121
57
<20
99
79
15
16
<5
<5
15
100
42
11
95
110
;)5
13
13
<5
<5
<5
124
<20
93
89
27
30
26
<20
<20
12
<5
14
<5
<20
<20
27
13
22
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
57
58
Table II
Sample
No.
( continuer)
FeTol Mn Mg
AI
PCT PCT
PCT PCT
Ca
PCT
2.04
3.05
1.17
0.43
1.33
1.70
2.41
2.40
0.02
0.30
0.05
0.02
0.09
0.09
0.17
0.18
----
--
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
2.50
5.59
1.41
0.92
1.89
2.46
2.98
3.78
0.03
0.06
0.03
0.02
0.09
0.07
0.05
0.06
0.38
0.85
0.17
0.08
0.30
0.49
0.57
0.75
Na
PCT
0.01
0.07
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.05
0.03
V
Ni
Zn
As
Cr
Co
Cu
PCT PPlV! PPM PPM PPM PPM PPM PPM
.- -- - - - -
---
0.37
26
III 10
17
15
64
9
251 16
71
0.35 162
16
18
44
0.24
20
158
7
12
6
9
36
0.11
7
II
156
3
3
12
<5
177
7
7
0.39
26
15
9
34
175 10
15
0.56
32
20
12
44
0.70
47
22
18
16
190 10
56
0.60
54
64 13
21
19
79
29
Table 11
AS
AB
AB
AB
( conlinw'd)
Sr
Y
PPtd PPM
No.
59
6
7
:I
4
Ll
2
2
166
167
168
169
25
5
:I
~~
70
15
16
AS 71
172
AS 173
Hi
18
28
22
19
Cd
PPM
Nlo
PPM
Sn
PPM
Te
Ba
Sb
PP.tvl PPM PPIVI
<20
<5
O.
<0.2
2
1
<20
<20
<,)
<5
<5
<5
<5
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
~lo1ybdenum,
less than 20
AB96,
between 21 and 26 ppm.
were all less thall
lion
with
exception of sample
collected from the Rio J'vIollepullgu.
Lanthanum and yttrium
87
La
IN
PPtvl
PPM
<20
61
Pb
PPM
<20
Au
PPB
14
41
<5
<5
12
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<')
103
<20
Bi
PPM
1
I
18
<:)
<5
<5
<5
<5
Figure 32
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I ,
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.)- .'
J
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,. / '-<.. .
1.
_ /~--
-~ -
,...-/
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/ ; 11
~ __
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'I.::.
l,
'1 _ _ , 1
"",
_'
r"
/ \.
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<D
<D
<.J1
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0>
:;<:l
e
z
o
V>
?='
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('J
t"l
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/~~ ,"
.f
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' ~
t~-
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114
)-
,....."
:IJ
-n
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(
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o ')
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(j)
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.<
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0>
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63