Motor protection example

Assume you have a motor rated 500 HP, .95 power factor & 90 % efficiency energized
from a 4.16 Kv source, using a microprocessor motor protection relay, provide the typical
settings.
The full load current can be taken from the motor nameplate as well as the service factor.
The motor full load current can be calculated from the following: I = 500 (.746)/1.732
(4.16)(.85)(.9) =60 amps
Function Description
Setting
Motor Nameplate FLA

Motor and Line Data Functions

Adjustment / Display Range Setting

Increments

1 2000A, adjustable between

50-100% of Max Amp Rating.
FLA must be programmed Upper limit of range automatically adjusts
60
for relay to function
downward as Service factor is increased.
Motor Nameplate
1

1.00 - 1.30 SF

.05

Overload Class During Start NEMA / UL Class 5 20

Class 20

Overload Class During Run

Class 10

NEMA / UL Class 5 30

Overload Reset
1

0 = Manual,1 = Auto,2 = Disabled Overload

kV Voltage Input (nominal line, Medium Voltage)

4.16

.60 15kV

Line Frequency
60

50 or 60 Hz

Acceleration Time
30

0-300 seconds [0=Disabled]

Current Imbalance Trip %

15

0.1 - 30% of FLA [0=Disabled]

Current Imbalance Trip Delay

5

1 - 20 seconds

.01

1
1(%)
1 (Second)

Over Current Trip %

200

0,.50 300% of FLA [0=Disabled]

1 (%)

Over Current Trip Delay

8

1 - 20 seconds

Under Current %
35

0, 10 90% of FLA [0=Disabled]

1 (%)

Under Current Trip Delay

15

1 - 60 seconds

Stall Detection Trip Level

600

0.100 600% of FLA [0=Disabled]

5 (%)

Stall Detection Trip Delay

4

1 - 10 seconds

Peak Current Trip %

1000 (%)

0.800 1400% [0=Disabled]

10(%)

Peak Current Trip Delay

.05

0..01 - .5 seconds

.01

Ground Fault Current Trip Value 0.5 90% of CT Value [0=Disabled]

50
Ground Fault Current Trip Delay
1 60 seconds
5
Voltage Imbalance Trip %
20

Voltage Protection Settings

0.1 30% [0=Disabled]

1 (%)
1

1 (%)

Voltage Imbalance Trip Delay

10

1 20 seconds

Over Voltage Trip %

5

0.1 10% [0=Disabled]

1 (%)

Over Voltage Trip Delay

10

1 20 seconds

Under Voltage Trip on Start %

20

0.1 20% [0=Disabled]

1 (%)

UV Trip on Start Delay

20

1 180 seconds

Under Voltage Trip on Run %

20

0.1 20% [0=Disabled]

1 (%)

UV Trip Delay during Run

10

1 20 seconds

Phase Rotation Trip

2

Phase and Frequency Protection Settings

0.1 or 2 0=Disabled, 1=ABC, 2=ACB]

Phase Rotation Trip Delay

2

1 20 seconds

Phase Loss Trip and Delay

5

0.1-20 Seconds [0= Disabled]

Over Frequency Trip Limit

1

0.1 10Hz [0=Disabled]

Over Frequency Trip Delay

5

1 20 seconds

Under Frequency Trip Limit

1

0.1 10Hz [0=Disabled]

Under Frequency Trip Delay

5

1 20 seconds

Motor KW Trip
0

0-2.0 = Disabled,1 = Over KW Trip,2 = Under KW Trip

Motor KW Trip Point

20(%)

20 100% of full load KW (disabled)

Motor KW Trip Delay Time

1

1
1%

1 999 minutes (disabled)

Power Factor Trip Range

2

0.1 3 [0=Disabled, 1=lag, 2=lead, 3= lead/lag]

Power Factor Trip Point

.10

.01 1

.01

Power Factor Trip Delay Time 1 20 seconds

10

Power Factor Current Direction

1

0 - 1, [0=Normal, 1= Reversed]

Lockout / Inhibit Settings

Coast Down (Back Spin) Lockout Timer 0 = Disabled, or 1 - 60 minutes

1 minute

Maximum Starts per Hour

0 = Disabled, or 1 10 starts

Minimum Time Between Starts Inhibit 0 = Disabled, or 1 - 60 minutes

1 minute

12

Note: NEMA Class trip curves are based on a common tripping point of 600% of motor
Full Load Amps (FLA). Curves vary by the amount of time before the unit trips. As an
example, a Class 20 curve will trip in 20 seconds at 600% of FLA. Another example, Class
10 will trip in 10 seconds at 600% of FLA.
PT Value:1-200 (: 1) 1:1 = direct voltage input, 2-200: 1 = kV Voltage Input 1
(4160/104) V
CT Value: 5-2000 (:5)
Number of Turns through CT:

5
1 5 (in 1 increments)

40
60
1

Generator protection example

Ratings of generators:
Rated output (eg. 1,120 MVA), Maximum output (1230 MVA), Rated rotation speed (300
rpm), Power factor (0.9), Number of poles (2), Terminal voltage (27), Rated Armature
current (23949), Maximum Armature current (26302), Short-circuit ratio (> or = 0.5),
Hydrogen gas pressure (0.52 Mpa G), Insulation type (F), Temperature rise class (B),
Cooling method (Stator: direct water), Efficiency
(99 %), Hydrogen consumption (12 m3/day).
Functional Specifications of generator protective relay
NOMINAL SYSTEM FREQUENCY SETTING RANGE.............................................50 or
60 Hz
RATED PRIMARY INPUT CURRENT OF PHASE AND NEUTRAL CTS .........1 - 9999A
in 1A steps
RATED PRIMARY SYSTEM PHASE-TO-PHASE VOLTAGE OF PTS......2 655 kV in .
0.1 kV steps
RATED PT SECONDARY LINE-TO-LINE VOLTAGE ...............................50 125 V in 1
V steps
LOW SET OVERCURRENT ELEMENT
Characteristic: .......................................................................................Definite time or
inverse
Pickup: ...........................................................................................1.0 2.5 pu of rated
generator current
Time delay: ...........................................................................................0.05 30.0 seconds
(at 5pu Igen)
HIGH SET OVERCURRENT ELEMENT
Characteristic: .......................................................................................Definite time
Pickup: ............................................................................................1.0 9.9pu of rated
generator current
Time delay: ...........................................................................................0.05 3.0 seconds (at
5pu Igen)
CURRENT UNBALANCE ELEMENT
Maximum negative sequence current rating;.................................0.05 0.5pu of rated
generator current
Time multiplier of I2 t curve ...................................................................5 80 seconds
Cooling time to rated.............................................................................10 1800 seconds
Alarm level pickup.................................................................................0.03 0.5pu
generator current
Alarm level time delay...........................................................................1 100 seconds
REVERSE POWER ELEMENT PICKUP ......................................0.02 to 0.2pu rated
generator current
Time delay ...........................................................................................1 100 seconds
LOSS OF FIELD ELEMENT
Mho circle size ..........................................................................50 300% of rated generator
impedance

Mho offset .................................................................................5 50% of rated generator

impedance
Time delay ............................................................................................0.2 60 seconds
Integration time .....................................................................................0 10 seconds
VOLTAGE ELEMENTS
Characteristic ........................................................................................Over, Under or
Over+Under
Pick-up level.......................................................................................1 50% change from
rated voltage
Time delay ............................................................................................0.1 60.0 seconds
FREQUENCY ELEMENTS
Characteristic ........................................................................................Over, Under or
Over+Under
Pick-up level..........................................................................................0.05 9.99Hz from
nominal
Time delay ............................................................................................0.1 60.0 seconds
THERMAL IMAGE ELEMENT
Trip level ...............................................................................................Fixed at 110% rated
Thermal time constant of alternator ......................................................1 400 minutes
Pre-alarm level......................................................................................50 110% of rated
UNDERPOWER ELEMENT PICKUP LEVEL ..........................................................0.05
1.00 of rated power output
Time delay ............................................................................................0.1 60.0 seconds
UNDERIMPEDANCE ELEMENTS
Pickup level...........................................................................................01 1.0 pu rated
impedance
Time delay ............................................................................................0.02 9.99 seconds
FIRST LEVEL OVEREXCITATION ELEMENT
Characteristic ........................................................................................Inverse
Pickup level...........................................................................................1.0 - 2.0 pu
Time multiplier.......................................................................................0.5 5.0
SECOND LEVEL OVEREXCITATION ELEMENT
Characteristic ........................................................................................Definite time
Pickup level...........................................................................................1.0 - 2.0 pu
Time multiplier.......................................................................................0.1 60.0 seconds
95% STATOR GROUND FAULT ELEMENTS
Pickup level.....................................................................................5 99% Rated zero
sequence voltage
Time delay ............................................................................................0.05 99.0 seconds
100% STATOR GROUND FAULT ELEMENT
3rd Harmonic Pickup level ..............................................................1 30% Rated zero
sequence voltage
Time delay ............................................................................................0.05 99.0 seconds
IEEE No. Function
24
Overexcitation

Typical Settings
Typical Settings and Remarks
PU: 1.1*VNOM/60; TD: 0.3; reset TD: 5 alarm P.U.:

1.18*VNOM/60
alarm delay: 2.5s
25
Synchronism Check Max Slip: 6RPM; Max phase angle error: 10 Max
VMAG error:
2.5% VNOM
32
Reverse Power (one stage) PU: turbine 1% of rated; 15 s . PU:
Reciprocating engine:
10% of rated; 5 s
32-1

Reverse Power (non-electrical, trip supervision)

40
Loss-of-field (VAR Flow approach)
0.2s; Level 2

PU: same as 32; 3 s

Level 1 PU: 60% VA rating; Delay:

PU: 100% VA rating: 0.1s

46

Negative Sequence overcurrent

I2 PU: 10% Irated; K=10

49

Stator Temperature (RTD)

Lower: 95C; upper: 105C

50/87
Differential via flux summation Cts
be used

PU:10% INOM or less if 1A relay may

50/27 IE
Inadvertent Energization Overcurrent with 27, 81
INOM) 27: 85%
Supervision

50: 0.5A (10%

VNOM (81: Similar)

51N
Stator Ground Over- current (Low, Med Z Gnd, PU: 10% INOM; curve: EI;
TD: 4. Inst:
Phase CT Residual)
none. Higher PU required to
coordinate
with load. No higher than
25% INOM.
50/51N Stator Ground Over- current (Low, Med Z Gnd, P.U.: 10% INOM; Curve EI**,
TD4; Inst
Neutral CT or Flux Summation CT)
100% INOM. Higher PU if
required to
coordinate with load. No
higher than
25% INOM.
51GN, 51N Stator Ground Over- current (High Z Gnd) PU: 10% IFAULT at HV
Term.; Curve:
VI***; TD:4.

51VC
Voltage Controlled overcurrent
VI***; TD: 4.

PU: 50% INOM; Curve:

Control voltage: 80%VNOM.

51VR
Voltage Restrained overcurrent
TD: 4. Zero

PU: 175% INOM; Curve: VI***;

Restraint Voltage: 100% VNOM L-L

59N, 27-3N, 59P

27-3N:

Ground Overvoltage

59N: 5% VNEU during HV terminal fault;

25% V3rd during normal operation; TD:

10s 59P:
80% VNOM
67IE
Directional O/C for Inadvertent Energization PU: 75-100% INOM GEN; Definite
Time (0.10.25 sec.) ; Inst: 200% INOM GEN
81
Over/under frequency
0.5s; For

For Generator protection: 57, 62Hz,

Island detection condition: 59, 61Hz,

0.1s
87G
Generator Phase Differential
0.1 * Tap;

Fixed: 0.4A; or Variable: Min P.U.:

Tap: INOM; Slope: 15%

87N
Generator Ground
Slope 15%;

Variable: Min P.U.: 0.1 times tap;

Differential Time delay: 0.1s; choose

low tap
67N: current polarization; time:
0.25A; Curve:
VI***; TD: 2; Instantaneous:
disconnect
87UD 13
30%

Unit Differential

**: EI: extremely inverse.

***: VI: very inverse.

Min PU: 0.35*Tap; Tap: INOM; Slope

Coordinacin y Proteccin: :

Consiste en procurar que los dispositivos de

proteccin operen selectivamente, es decir que
la falla sea liberada por la proteccin ms
cercana o en su defecto por la de respaldo en
el menor tiempo posible, evitando daos al
equipo y al persona, preservando la
continuidad del servicio en las reas no
falladas.

Los alcances del Estudio consideran lo

siguiente:
1) Aislar el elemento fallado lo ms
rpidamente.
2) Continuidad en el servicio al resto de la red

3) Disminucin de esfuerzos trmicos y

mecnicos a los equipos por la circulacin de
corriente de cortocircuito.
4) Evitar operaciones incorrectas de las
protecciones durante los arranques de motores,
transformadores y energizacin de los
capacitares.
5) Garantizar la operacin de las protecciones
de respaldo.

Asegurar la correcta operacin de los

relevadores de acuerdo con el Estudio de Corto
Circuito y la Coordinacin de las protecciones.