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MATHMATICS CHAPTER
ONE
By mr. abdulsattar
UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD//COLLEGE OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Written by ALI RASHEED
And omar laith
By:ali rasheed
1 | Page
Fx or
f
x
and
f
x
lim
h0
f ( x+ h , y ) f ( x , y)
h
Fy or
f
y
formulas:-
Fy=
f
y
lim
h0
( f ( x , y +hh) f ( x , y) )
Examples
1- find
f
x
f
y
drivatives
f(x,y)=3x2+xy+4y2
sol:By:ali rasheed
2 | Page
Fx=
f
x
lim
h0
-:
Fx=
f
x
Fx=
f
x
lim
lim
( h(6 x +3h h+ y ) )
h0
h0
Fx=6x+y
2
Fy=
f
y
3 x + x ( y+ h ) +4 ( y+ h ) 3 x xy4 y
lim ( h )
h0
Fx=
h(x+ 8 y+ 4 h)
h
=x+8y
2:-Find
f
y
,,
x
y
for
f(x,y)=3x2+x3y+4y2 ??
sol:-
By:ali rasheed
3 | Page
Fx=6x+3yx2
Fy=x3+8y
EXAMPLE
3:-Find
F(x,y)=
e xy
f
y
,,
x
y
for
,,
x
y
for
,,
x
y
for
x
y
sol:-
Fx=y
Fy= x
xy
e xy
EXAMPLE
1
y
x
y
4:-Find
f
y
F(x,y)=ln(x2+2y)
sol:-
Fx=
2x
( x+ 2 y )
Fy=
2
( x+ 2 y )
EXAMPLE
5:-Find
f
y
F(x,y)=sin(xy)+
e xy
+y2+5
sol:-
Fx=cos(xy)y+y
e xy
+y2
By:ali rasheed
4 | Page
Fy=cos(xy)x+x
EXAMPLE
+2yx
z
x
Find
e xy
z
y
,,
,,at x=y=z=1
sol:-
z
=1
x
y+(z +3xz
y-z3-=(3xz2-2y)
z
x
)-2y <=
z
x
z
x
-:x,y,z
2-=
z
x
x+3xz
z
y
- (2z+2y
2z-x=(3xz2-2y)
1=
z
y
=0=
z
y
w
z
where
z
y
z
y
-:EXAMPLE 7
Find partial derivative
w=(xy)sin(z) ??
sol:-
1 w
w z
w
z
=cos(z) * ln(xy)
-:EXAMPLE 7
Find partial derivative
z
x
where
sin(xyz)=x+3z+y ??
sol:-
cos(xyz)[yz+xy
z
x
]=1+3
z
x
-3
2016
z
x
z
x
=1
1 yz cos ( xyz )
xy cos ( xyz )3
z
x
ln z
=x+y }
Sol;
Y=
z
x
1
z
z
x
z
x
[y -
1
z
]=1
By:ali rasheed
6 | Page
z
x
z
yz 1
,,Find
Sol;;
X2.2y+2xy2
x
y
x
y
+ 2z2y+2z2x
x
y
=0
y (x 2+ z2 )
x ( y 2 + x 2)
3 f
x2
// F
2 f
2
yy= y
// fyx=
2 f
x y
// fxy=
2 f
yx
second-order derivatives
Solution:: fx=cosy+yex
Fy=-x siny +ex
Fxx=y ex
fxy=fyx
By:ali rasheed
7 | Page
Fyy=-x cos y
Fxy=-siny + ex
Fyx=-siny + ex
3 f
y2 x
// Fyyx=
3 f
x y2
// Fyyxx=
4 f
x2 y2
Fx=-y sin(xy)-3x2
Fxy=-sin(xy)-yx cos(xy)
Fxyy=-2x cos(xy)+yx2sin(xy)
Fxyyy=3x2sin(xy) +yx2cos(xy)
AND NOW we have a theorem
dw
dx
dx
dt
dw
dy
dy
dt
dw
dz
dz
dt
DEFENITIONS
w
x
w
r
w
s
x
r
w
x
x
s
w
y
y
r
w
y
y
s
w
z
z
r
w
z
z
s
By ALI RASHEED
2016
By:ali rasheed
9 | Page
Example:: find
dw
dt
if w= xy+z ,, x=cos t ,,
y=sin t ,, z=t
-:
( Chain rule)
w
Solution::
Sin(2t)=2sint costso we will multiply the
W= cost.sint +t
2
=
2
2
by (
cost.sintEquaition
+t
2 ) then differentiate
By:ali rasheed
10 | P a g e
1
2
sin(2t)+t
1
2
.2 cos(2t) +1
**1=sin2t+cos2t**
=2 cos2t
dw
dx
dx
dt
dw
dy
dy
dt
dw
dz
dz
dt
W=y(-sin t) +x cost +1
=-sin2t +cos2t + 1
=2cos2t
u
r
,,
u
t
Solution::
u
r
u
x
x
r
u
y
y
r
= 2x sint + 2*0
=2x sint=2r.sin2t
By:ali rasheed
11 | P a g e
u
t
u
x
x
t
u
y
y
t
g
r
,,
g
u
for the
following ::
xy
DIFFERENTIATION
THEOREM: Suppose that F(x,y) is differentiable & the
equation f(x,y)=0 defines Y as a differentiable
function of X ..
Then at any point Po where Fy0 ,,so
Example:: find
dy
dx
dy f x
=
dx f y
Solution::method I :
2y
dy
dx
dy
dx
2x cos(xy)[y + x
dy
dx
]=0
2 x + y cos ( xy)
2 yx cos ( xy )
2 x + y cos ( xy)
2 yx cos ( xy )
Example2:: Find
z
x
&&
z
y
for!!!
F(x,y,z)=xy2 + z3 + sin(xyz)
By:ali rasheed
13 | P a g e
Solution::
z
x
=-
fx
fz
,,,
z
y
=-
fy
fz
z
y
==-
fx
fz
fy
fz
=
=
y + yz cos( xyz )
3 z 2 + xy cos(xyz )
2 xy + xz cos( xyz )
3 z 2 + xy cos( xyz )
By:ali rasheed
14 | P a g e
where h=
(DUF)po=
In the direction of unite vector u = u1i+u2j in the number defined by
DEFINITION:-the derivative of F at Po(a,b)
Example::find the derivative of F(x,y)=x2+y2
in the direction of v=<1,2> at the point
Po(1,1)
Solution::
N=
v
v
(DUF)po=
1,2>
5
f (1+
lim
h0
1
5
i+
2
5
j=
h
2h
,1+ )2
5
5
h
By:ali rasheed
15 | P a g e
h(
lim
h0
2
h
4 4h
+ + +
)
5 5 5 5
h
6
5
Definition
i+
f
j
y
=(<Fx,Fy>)p0
( f ) po
.u
Example:: If F(x,y)=x2+xy+y2
Find (DUF)PO at point (1,2)and u=(
1 3
,,
2 2
Solution::
(Fy)po=x+2y=5
(DUF)(1,2) =
( f )
(1,2)
.u
By:ali rasheed
16 | P a g e
=(4.5) . (
1 3
,
2 2
) =2 +
5 3
2
ALI RASHEED98
Example2:: find the directional derivatives
using gradient
x
U=
v
v
3,4>
5
3
5
i-
4
5
Fx=ey-y sin(xy)=1
Fy=xey x sin(xy)=2
(DUF)(2,0)=
=(1,2).(
3
5
( f )
,-
(2,0)
4
5
.u
)=-1
By:ali rasheed
17 | P a g e
Figure A shows the gradient of the smooth curve surface and B,,
shows the tangent plane to the 3D parabolic shape ,,, ali r.m. 2016
By:ali rasheed
18 | P a g e
Solution::
( f )
=<2x,2y,1>,,
( f ) po
=(2,4,1)
By:ali rasheed
19 | P a g e
( f ) po
=<<1,-1,1>
1 (x - 0) - 1 (y - 0) - (z - 0) = 0, Eq. (3)
x - y - z = 0.
By:ali rasheed
20 | P a g e
( f ) po
=<2,2,0> ,,,
( g ) po
( g)
=<1,0,1>
=<1,0,1>
By:ali rasheed
21 | P a g e
V=
=
( f ) po
( g ) po
[ ] =2i-2j-2k
i j k
2 2 0
1 0 1
( f )
,,
x2
4
xy+
1
2
y3+3
By:ali rasheed
22 | P a g e
At po(3,2)
Solution::
F(xo,yo)=9-6+2+3 =8
(Fx)(3,2) =2x-y6-2=4
Fy)(3,2)=-x+y=-1
L(x,y)=8+4(x-3)-1(y-2)=4x-y-2
HW 1-4:-What point in the surface x2+y22x+4y+z+1=0
Is the tangent plane parallel to the vector (3,1,2) at the point (2,2,-13)
local max
local min
saddle
point
1
3
x=1 1
,
6 3
1
3
1
6
) // (0,0)
By:ali rasheed
24 | P a g e
D=fxxfyy (fxy)2
f
xx
=4 // fyy=-6y // fxy=-2
1 1
,
6 3
(-
1 1
,
6 3
) is
Solution::fx(x,y)=y-2x-2=0y=2x-2
Fy(x,y)=x-2y-2x-4x-4-2=0 x=-2 & y=-2
We have critical point at (-2,-2)
D=fxxfyy (fxy)2
By:ali rasheed
25 | P a g e
By:ali rasheed
26 | P a g e
9
2
y=x-9 y=
9
2
By:ali rasheed
27 | P a g e
F(
9 9
,
2 2
=-
41
2
(x,y)=
f (x , y)
&& g(x,y)=c
By:ali rasheed
28 | P a g e
0 when
g(x,y,z)=0
To find the local minimum and maximum values of
f subject to constrain g(x,y,z)=0
To find the value of x,y and such that
(x,y,z)=
(x,y,z) &g(x,y,z)=0
Lagrange Multipliers
1:- if 1 constraint
2:- if 2 constraint
d
,, g(x,y,z) =c
,, h(x,y,z) =
By:ali rasheed
29 | P a g e
=<1,2,2> ,,,
=<2x,2y,2z>
1
1
1
, , , y = , , , z=
2
X +y +z =9
1
2
=+
,,x=
9
4 2
1
2
=9=
1
2
x=1,,y=2,,z=2f(1,2,2)=9
max.
=-
1
2
x=-1,,y=-2,,z=-2f(-1,-2,-2)=-9 min.
x2
4
+y2=1
By:ali rasheed
30 | P a g e
=<-2x,2y> //
x
4
+y2=1x2+4y2-4=0
=<2x,8y>
x2
4
+0=1 x=2,,
{ (2,0) (-2,0) }
If y0x=0
0+y2=1y=1 {(0,1) (0,-1)}
{ (2,0) (-2,0) }max. ,,,, {(0,1) (0,-1)}min.
Solution::
(x, y, z) = x2 + y2 + z2
g(x, y, z) = x2 + y2 - 1 = 0 (3)
h(x, y, z) = x + y + z - 1 = 0.
+ h
2x = 2 x+ , 2y = 2 + , 2z =
2x =2 x + 2z (1 - l)x = z,
2y = 2 y + 2z (1 - l)y = z.
If =1 z=0
X2+y2-1=0.(1) ,,, x+y+z-1=0.(2)
f
x + y - 1 = 0x=
1
2
y=
1
2
By:ali rasheed
32 | P a g e
1 1
,
2 2
,1-
,,, P2=(
1
1
,
2 2
,1+
Find
Solution::
If (z,w) dependence ,, (x,y) independence
W= x2+y2+(x2+y2)2
=x2+y2+x4+2x2y2+y4
w
x
=2x +4x3+4xy2
=0
By:ali rasheed
34 | P a g e
Example2:: find
w
x
w=x2+y2+z2,
z3-xy+xz+y3=1 && x,y are independence variables
Solution::
Z3-xy+xz+y3=1
z
x
w=x2+y2+z2,3z2
-y+y
z
x
=0
z
x
3 z2 + y
w=x2+y2+z2,
w
x
=2x+2z
Notation:f
y
z
x
w
x
=4+2(-
1
2
)=3
Example3:: find
w
x
By:ali rasheed
35 | P a g e
Solution:: w=x2+y-z+sin(x+y)
w
x )y,z=2x + cos(x+y)
f ( b )f ( a)
ba
1
1!
(x-a).F`(a)+
1
2!
(x-a) .F``(a)+
( xa)
n!
Fn(a)
x
Ex:- e +
x
1!
x
2!
Ex: cos(x)=1 -
+.
x x4
+
2! 4!
....
(a + h, b + k) = (a, b) +
2
1
1!
(h xx + 2hk xy + k yy)+
1
2!
(hx + ky) +
1
3!
1
1!
(xx + yy) +
2
(x xx + 2xy xy + y yy)+
1
2!
1
3!
1
x
at a=z
Solution::
F(x)=f(a) +
1
1!
(x-a).F`(a)+
1
2!
(x-a) .F``(a)+
( xa)
n!
Fn(a)
By:ali rasheed
37 | P a g e
1
2
F(X) =f(2) =
F`(x) =
1
x2
F``(x)=
2
3
x
F(x)=
=-
1 x2
2
4
1
4
1
4
( x2 )2
4
By:ali rasheed
38 | P a g e
By:ali rasheed
39 | P a g e