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Name: Paraal, Efren Ivan Hero B.

BSMT-2B

1.Write down the different alarm system on board the vessel


1)
General Alarm: The general alarm on the ship is recognized by 7 short
ringing of
bell followed by a long ring or 7 short blasts on the ships horn followed by
one long blast. The general alarm is sounded to make aware the crew on board that an
emergency has occurred.
2)
Fire Alarm: A fire alarm is sounded as continuous ringing of ships electrical
bell or continuous sounding of ships horn.
3)
Man Overboard Alarm: When a man falls overboard, the ship internal alarm
bell sounds 3 long rings and ship whistle will blow 3 long blasts to notify the crew on
board
and the other ships in nearby vicinity.
4)
Navigational Alarm: In the navigation bridge, most of the navigational
equipments and navigation lights are fitted with failure alarm. If any of these
malfunctions, an alarm will be sounded in an alarm panel displaying which system is
malfunctioning.
5)
Machinery space Alarm: The machinery in the engine room has various safety
devices and alarms fitted for safe operation. If any one of these malfunctions, a
common engine room alarm is operated and the problem can be seen in the engine
control room control panel which will display the alarm.
6)
Machinery Space CO2 Alarm: The machinery space is fitted with CO2 fixed
with fire extinguishing system whose audible and visual alarm is entirely different from
machinery space alarm and other alarm for easy reorganization.
7)
Cargo Space CO2 Alarm: The cargo spaces of the ship are also fitted with
fixed fire fighting system which has a different alarm when operated.
8)
Abandon Ship Alarm: When the emergency situation on board ship goes out
of
hands and ship is no longer safe for crew on board ship. The master of the ship
can give a verbal Abandon ship order, but this alarm is never given in ships bell or
whistle.
The general alarm is sounded and every body comes to the
emergency muster station
where the master or his substitute (chief Officer) gives
a verbal order to abandon ship.
9)
Ship Security Alarm System: Most of the ocean going vessels are fitted
with security alert alarm system, which is a silent alarm system sounded in a pirate
attack emergency. This signal is connected with different coastal authorities all
over the
world via a global satellite system to inform about the piracy.
2.What is meant by emergency call in BNWAS? Explain.
A Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System, abbreviated BNWAS, is an automatic
system which sounds an alarm if the watch officer on the bridge of a ship falls asleep,
becomes otherwise incapacitated, or is absent for too long a time. The BNWAS is
automatically engaged when the ship's autopilot is activated.
3.Described the limitations of the system BNWAS
The minimum requirement for a BNWAS under International Maritime
Organization standards is to have a dormant stage and three alarm stages, except that on
a non-passenger vessel, the second stage may be omitted.

Stage 1: When the autopilot is engaged, the bridge officer is required to signal his
presence to the BNWAS system every 3 to 12 minutes in response to a flashing
light,either by moving an arm in front of a motion sensor, pressing a confirmation button,
or directly applying pressure to the BNWAS centre.
Stage 2: When a confirmation signal fails to occur within 15 seconds in Stage 1, an alarm
will sound on the bridge, and if there is still no confirmation signal after a further
15 seconds, in the captain's and the first officer's cabins. One of them must then go to the
bridge and cancel the alarm.
Stage 3: If neither the captain nor the first officer cancels the alarm within a specified
time period (between 90 seconds and 3 minutes depending on the size of the vessel), an
alarm will sound in locations where other personnel are usually available.

4. Explain Section A-VIII -II/1 of STCW, 1978 Code.


The 1978 STCW Convention was the first to establish basic requirements on training,
certification and watchkeeping for seafarers on an international level. Previously the
standards of training, certification and watchkeeping of officers and ratings were
established by individual governments, usually without reference to practices in other
countries. As a result standards and procedures varied widely, even though shipping is
the most international of all industries.
The Convention prescribes minimum standards relating to training, certification and
watchkeeping for seafarers which countries are obliged to meet or exceed.
The STCW Code
The regulations contained in the Convention are supported by sections in the STCW
Code. Generally speaking, the Convention contains basic requirements which are then
enlarged upon and explained in the Code.Part A of the Code is mandatory. The minimum
standards of competence required for seagoing personnel are given in detail in a series
of tables. Part B of the Code contains recommended guidance which is intended to help
Parties implement the Convention. The measures suggested are not mandatory and the
examples given are only intended to illustrate how certain Convention requirements may
be complied with. However, the recommendations in general represent an approach that
has been harmonized by discussions within IMO and consultation with other
international organizations.
The Manila amendments to the STCW Convention and Code were adopted on 25 June
2010, marking a major revision of the STCW Convention and Code. The 2010 amendments
entered into force on 1 January 2012 under the tacit acceptance procedure and are
aimed at bringing the Convention and Code up to date with developments since they were
initially adopted and to enable them to address issues that are anticipated to emerge in
the foreseeable future.

a. Navigation
Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and
controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another. The field of
navigation includes four general categories: land navigation, marine navigation, aeronautic
navigation, and space navigation.

b. Navigational equipments.
1. Gyro Compass
It is used for finding the right direction. Unlike magnetic compass, gyro compass is not
hampered by external magnetic field. It is used to find correct North Position, which is
also the earths rotational axis. Its repeater system must be present in the steering
platform for emergency steering. Read more.
2. Radar
It is used to determine the distance of the ship from land, other ships, or any floating
object out at sea. Read more.
3. Magnetic Compass
The magnetic compass work in conjunction with the magnetic field of the earth. It is
used to get planned direction for the voyage.
4. Auto Pilot
It is a combination of hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical system and is used to control
the ships steering system from a remote location (Navigation bridge).
5. ARPA
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid displays the position of a ship and other vessels nearby.
The radar displays the position of the ships in the vicinity and selects the course for
the vessel by avoiding any kind of collision.
6. Automatic Tracking Aid
Just like ARPA, automatic tracking aid displays the information on tracked targets in
graphic and numeric to generate a planned layout for a safer and collision free course.
7. Speed & Distance Log Device
The device is used to measure the speed and the distance traveled by a ship from a set
point. By calculating the same, ETA of the ship is adjusted or given to the port authority
and agent.
8. Echo Sounder
This instrument is used to measure the depth of the water below the ships bottom using
sound waves.
9. Electronic Chart Display Information System
ECDIS is a development in the navigational chart system used in naval vessels and ships.
With the use of the electronic chart system, it has become easier for a ships navigating
crew to pinpoint locations, and attaining directions are easier than before. Read more
about ECDIS.
10. Automatic Identification system
AIS is a system which helps to pinpoint the location and other navigational statistics of
ships. AIS uses VHF radio channels as transmitters and receivers to send and receive
messages between ships which endeavors to fulfill a lot of responsibilities. Read more
about AIS.

c. Navigational duties and responsibilities


Duties of OOW
1. Maintaining a proper watch along with general surveillance of the ship
2. Monitoring and recording all bridge activities

3 .Checking navigational equipment in use at regular interval of time


4 . Following a proper navigation plan to avoid any kind of collision according to
COLREGS
5. Must know how to use Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA)
6 .Must know how to use Electronic Chart and Display System (ECDIS)
7. Should be conversant with the ships speed, turning circles, and ship handling
characteristics
8. Keep a continuous watch on GMDSS radio for any kind of distress or general signals
9. Prepare, execute, and monitor a safe passage plan
10. Ensure handing over of the watch is done according to shipboard operation
procedures
11. Asking for support whenever required
12. Contact master when need arise
13. Should be fully aware of all safety equipment on board ship
14. Must use helm and signaling apparatus whenever required
15. Must know how to use all equipment meant for prevention of pollution at the sea and
safety of lives
16. Should not leave the bridge unattended during his watch
d. Handling over and taking the watch.
1. Ships Position Speed Course
2. Traffic Density
3. Weather Conditions and Night Vision
4. Bridge Equipment and Dimmers
5. Logbooks Checklists Daily orders
6. Readiness of the Look-out/ Helmsman
7. Miscellaneous Activities on Deck or Engine room
8.Inform the Master if Required
f. Navigation with a pilot embarked
* maintaining a good lookout and situational awareness;
*providing expertise in the use of bridge equipment and systems;
*continually monitoring the pilots actions and promptly seeking clarification as necessary
and/or calling the master. The officer in charge of a navigational watch must take
whatever action is necessary before the master arrives to maintain the safety of
navigation; and
*discussing, agreeing and communicating to the entire bridge team, any change to the
ships voyage plan advised by the pilot. In case of any required change, the original
voyage plan should be amended and documented; the amended voyage plan must then be
followed.
g. Protection of the environment

Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the natural environment on


individual, organization controlled or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the
environment and humans. Due to the pressures of over consumption, population and
technology, the biophysical environment is being degraded, sometimes permanently. This
has been recognized, and governments have begun placing restraints on activities that
cause environmental degration. Since the 1960s, activity of environmental
movements has created awareness of the various environmental issues. There is no
agreement on the extent of the environmental impact of human activity and

even scientific dishonesty occurs, so protection measures are occasionally debated.


h. Blind pilotage technique
Blind pilotage means the navigation of the ship through restricted waters in low
visibility with little or no recourse to the visual observation of objects outside the ship.
The principal non-visual aid to navigation that enables this to be done is high-definition
warning-surface radar, but all available nonvisual aids are employed. The organisation to
achieve this is called the blind pilotage organisation, comprising a BP team, led by a BP
Officer (BPO)
General principles for ships reporting systems and with VTS procedures.
1.

Ship reporting systems contribute to safety of life at sea, safety and efficiency of
navigation and/or protection of the marine environment. A ship reporting system,
when adopted and implemented in accordance with the guidelines and criteria
developed by the Organization**pursuant to this regulation, shall be used by all
ships, or certain categories of ships or ships carrying certain cargoes in accordance
with the provisions of each system so adopted.

2.

The Organization is recognized as the only international body for developing


guidelines, criteria and regulations on an international level for ship reporting
systems. Contracting Governments shall refer proposals for the adoption of ship
reporting systems to the Organization. The Organization will collate and disseminate
to Contracting Governments all relevant information with regard to any adopted ship
reporting system.

3.

The initiation of action for establishing a ship reporting system is the responsibility
of the Government or Governments concerned. In developing such systems provision
of the guidelines and criteria developed by the Organization ** shall be taken into
account.

4.

Ship reporting systems not submitted to the Organization for adoption do not
necessarily need to comply with this regulation. However, Governments implementing
such systems are encouraged to follow, wherever possible, the guidelines and
criteria developed by the Organization**. Contracting Governments may submit such
systems to the Organization for recognition.

5.

Where two or more Governments have a common interest in a particular area, they
should formulate proposals for a co-ordinated ship reporting system on the basis of
agreement between them. Before proceeding with a proposal for adoption of a ship
reporting system, the Organization shall disseminate details of the proposal to
those Governments which have a common interest in the area covered by the
proposed system. Where a co-ordinated ship reporting system is adopted and
established, it shall have uniform procedures and operations.

6.

After adoption of a ship reporting system in accordance with this regulation, the
Government or Governments concerned shall take all measures necessary for the
promulgation of any information needed for the efficient and effective use of the
system. Any adopted ship reporting system shall have the capability of interaction
and the ability to assist ships with information when necessary. Such systems shall
be operated in accordance with the guidelines and criteria developed by the
Organization pursuant to this regulation.

7.

The master of a ship shall comply with the requirements of adopted ship reporting
systems and report to the appropriate authority all information required in
accordance with the provisions of each such system.

8.

All adopted ship reporting systems and actions taken to enforce compliance with

those systems shall be consistent with international law, including the relevant
provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
9.

Nothing in this regulation or its associated guidelines and criteria shall prejudice
the rights and duties of Governments under international law or the legal regimes of
straits used for international navigation and archipelagic sea lanes.

10
.

The participation of ships in accordance with the provisions of adopted ship


reporting systems shall be free of charge to the ships concerned.

11
.

The Organization shall ensure that adopted ship reporting systems are reviewed
under the guidelines and criteria developed by the Organization.

j. Described the recommendation on operational guidance for officers in charge of a


navigational watch contained in:
Section B VII/2 of the International Conference on Training and Certifications
of Seafarers Code 1978 STCW Code.
The 1978 STCW Convention was the first to establish basic requirements on
training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers on an international level.
Previously the standards of training, certification and watchkeeping of officers and
ratings were established by individual governments, usually without reference to
practices in other countries. As a result standards and procedures varied widely,
even though shipping is the most international of all industries.
The Convention prescribes minimum standards relating to training, certification
and watchkeeping for seafarers which countries are obliged to meet or exceed.

The 1978 STCW Convention was the first to establish basic


requirements on training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers
on an international level. Previously the standards of training,
certification and watchkeeping of officers and ratings were
established by individual governments, usually without reference to
practices in other countries. As a result standards and procedures
varied widely, even though shipping is the most international of all
industries.
The Convention prescribes minimum standards relating to training,
certification and watchkeeping for seafarers which countries are
obliged to meet or exceed.

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