HASIF BIN MIOR HAKIM 115841

MUHAMAD HAFEEDZ ISKANDAR BIN MOHD ALIAS 115856

MUHAMAD SHARAFEE BIN SHAMSUDIN 115858
MOHAMAD AZZAM BIN CHE RAHIM 117890
# Assumptions
# (1) The reaction is homogeneous no mass transfer gradient along the reactor.
# (2) Isothermal reactions the reactions are neither endothermic nor exothermic
# (3) No temperature variation throughout the reactor at instance.
# (4) Membranes material is non catalytic to any reaction.
# (5) Pressure drop term is neglected.
# (6) Membrane is perfectly selective to let substance A to diffuse.
# Mole Balance and with rate law
d(Fa)/d(V) = -rd - ru + Ra
Fa(0) = 0.0
d(Fb)/d(V) = -rd
Fb(0) = 0.2
d(Fc)/d(V) = rd
Fc(0) = 0
d(Fd)/d(V) = rd - ru
Fd(0) = 0
d(Fu)/d(V) = ru
Fu(0) = 0
rd = 0.02 * Ca * Cb
ru = 0.01 * Ca * Cd
Ca0 = 0.01
Cb0 = 0.1 # Entering initial molar flow rate into reactor
vo = 2
Ra = (Ca0 * vo) / Vt
Vt = 56.5
Ct0 = Cb0
Ft = Fa + Fb + Fc + Fd + Fu
Ca = Ct0 * (Fa / Ft)
Cb = Ct0 * (Fb / Ft)
Cc = Ct0 * (Fc / Ft)
Cd = Ct0 * (Fd / Ft)
Cu = Ct0 * (Fu / Ft)
V(0) = 0
V(f) = 56.5
sdu = rd / (ru + 0.00000001)
Yd = (rd - ru) / (-(-rd - ru) + 0.0000001)
Yu = ru / (-(-rd - ru) + 0.0000001)
Yc = rd / (-(-rd - ru) + 0.0000001)

POLYMATH Report
Ordinary Differential Equations

26-Nov-2014

Calculated values of DEQ variables

Variable

Initial value

Minimal value

Maximal value

Final value

56.5

56.5

Fa

0.0195112

0.0195112

Fb

0.2

0.1995115

0.2

0.1995115

Fc

0.0004885

0.0004885

Fd

0.0004882

0.0004882

Fu

2.986E-07

2.986E-07

Cb0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

Ft

0.2

0.2

0.2199271

0.2199271

Ca0

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

10 Ct0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

11 vo

2.

2.

2.

2.

12 Vt

56.5

56.5

56.5

56.5

13 Ra

0.000354

0.000354

0.000354

0.000354

14 Cb

0.1

0.0907186

0.1

0.0907186

15 Cd

0.0002205

0.0002205

16 Ca

0.0088402

0.0088402

17 rd

1.604E-05

1.604E-05

18 Cc

0.0002206

0.0002206

19 ru

1.949E-08

1.949E-08

20 Cu

1.339E-07

1.339E-07

21 sdu

705.8085

543.8975

22 Yd

0.9913992

0.9913992

23 Yu

0.0012061

0.0012061

24 Yc

0.9926053

0.9926053

Differential equations
1
d(Fa)/d(V) = -rd - ru + Ra
2
d(Fb)/d(V) = -rd
3
d(Fc)/d(V) = rd
4
d(Fd)/d(V) = rd - ru
5
d(Fu)/d(V) = ru
Explicit equations
1
Cb0 = 0.1
Entering initial molar flow rate into reactor

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Ft = Fa + Fb + Fc + Fd + Fu
Ca0 = 0.01
Ct0 = Cb0
vo = 2
Vt = 56.5
Ra = (Ca0 * vo) / Vt
Cb = Ct0 * (Fb / Ft)
Cd = Ct0 * (Fd / Ft)
Ca = Ct0 * (Fa / Ft)
rd = 0.02 * Ca * Cb
Cc = Ct0 * (Fc / Ft)
ru = 0.01 * Ca * Cd
Cu = Ct0 * (Fu / Ft)
sdu = rd / (ru + 0.00000001)
Instantaneous selectivity

16
17
18

Yd = (rd - ru) / (-(-rd - ru) + 0.0000001)

Yu = ru / (-(-rd - ru) + 0.0000001)
Yc = rd / (-(-rd - ru) + 0.0000001)

General
Total number of equations

23

Number of differential equations

Number of explicit equations

18

Elapsed time

0.000 sec

Solution method

RKF_45

Step size guess. h

0.000001

Truncation error tolerance. eps

0.000001

Observation
Reaction rate of desired product rd increase at decreasing rate through the reactor
length and reaction rate for undesired product increase at increasing rate
insignificantly at very low level. So we might expect the instantaneous selectivity of
the reaction increased drastically until maximum value and then decreased steadily
as rate of undesired product start to give significant effect. At the end of the reactor
the value of 543.89 selectivity was achieved. Membrane reactor give promising
selectivity compare to plug flow reactor thus high Yield of desired product can be
obtained for minimal cost of separation and efficient productivity.
Yield of D will be drastically increase at early stage and start to achieve steady
state at maximum of 0.99139 Yield of U it increase at increasing rate due to
increasing production of U throughout the reactor at the end of the operation Yield
of U achieved maximum of 0.00121. Yield of C is almost similar as yield of D die to
same rate of production except that D is being consumed again by substance A in
second reaction at insignificant rate. We might expect Yield of D and C will have
almost the same value and Yield of U would considerably be zero.