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Components
If we have an idea of the path of a vehicle, it is often convenient
to analyze the motion using tangential and normal components
(sometimes called path coordinates).
v = v et
en
v= vt et
dv
v2
=
a
e t + en
dt
et
x
The tangential direction (et) is tangent to the path of the
particle. This velocity vector of a particle is in this direction
The normal direction (en) is perpendicular to et and points
towards the inside of the curve.
The acceleration can have components in both the en and et directions
et = 2 sin ( 2 )
et
sin ( 2 )
en = en
= lim
lim
0
0 2
det
en =
d
dt
dt
SOLUTION:
Define your coordinate system
Calculate the tangential velocity and
tangential acceleration
Calculate the normal acceleration
A motorist is traveling on a curved
section of highway of radius 750 m
at the speed of 90 km/h. The
motorist suddenly applies the brakes,
causing the automobile to slow
down at a constant rate. Knowing
that after 8 s the speed has been
reduced to 72 km/h, determine the
acceleration of the automobile
immediately after the brakes have
been applied.
r = re r
SOLUTION:
Evaluate time t for = 30o.
Evaluate radial and angular positions,
and first and second derivatives at
time t.
Rotation of the arm about O is defined
by = 0.15t2 where is in radians and t
in seconds. Collar B slides along the
arm such that r = 0.9 - 0.12t2 where r is
in meters.
After the arm has rotated through 30o,
determine (a) the total velocity of the
collar, (b) the total acceleration of the
collar, and (c) the relative acceleration
of the collar with respect to the arm.
Kinematic questions
An elevator is moving upward with a constant
speed of 4m/s
A man standing 10m above the top and throws a
ball upward with a speed of 3m/s
Determine when the ball will hit the elevator?
and,
Determine where the ball will hit the elevator with
respect to the location of the man?
Kinematic questions
A car moves with a constant speed v0=100km/h on the level portion of
the road. When going up the grade at tan=6/100, the car does not
change the setting and eventually the car decelerates at the constant rate
gsin. Find the speed of the car a) 10 seconds after passing point A, b)
when x =100m???
Kinematic questions
An object is released from rest in a tank of oil. The downward
acceleration of the object is g kv. Derive expressions for the velocity v
and vertical drop y as functions of the time t after release?
Kinematic questions
As shown, a projectile is fired horizontally into a tank with v0. Given that the
acceleration is kv2. Derive expressions for the distance (D) passed into the liquid
and the corresponding time t required to reduce the velocity to v0/2.
Kinematic questions
A helicopter is flying with a constant horizontal velocity of 180km/h and is
directly above point A when a loose part begins to fall. The part lands 6.5s later
at point B on an inclined surface. Determine a) the distance d between points A
and B, b) the initial height h.
Kinematic questions
An airplane used to drop water on brushfires is flying horizontally in a straight
line at 315km/h at an altitude of 80m. Determine the distance d at which the
pilot should release the water so that it will hit the fire at B