12/8/2009

Electrical Energy

The ability of the electric current to

Electrical Energy do work

and Power Converted by an electrical appliance

into other forms of energy such as
Study Note Version heat, light, mechanical when current
flows in it.

John A. Javier Jr. III Physics 09- 10

Relationship between electrical Relationship between electrical

energy, voltage, current and time energy, voltage, current and time
Current is the rate of charge flow. Q = It
The potential difference, V across two points
is defined as the energy, E dissipated or
transferred by 1 C of charge, Q that moves
E = VQ = VIt
through the two points. From Ohms Law, V = IR, I = V/R

2
E= V t
V= E E = I2 Rt or
R
John A. Javier Jr. III
Q Physics 09- 10
The unit of electrical energy is Joule, JPhysics 09- 10
John A. Javier Jr. III

Electric Power Electric Power

The rate or electrical energy for resistors and lamps, combine

dissipated or transferred. P = VI with V = IR, I = V/R

Power = Energy P= E P = VI 2
Time t P =V
P = I2 R R
P= VIt = VI
Unit:
J s-1 = Watt (W)
John A. Javier Jr. III
t Physics 09- 10 John A. Javier Jr. III Physics 09- 10

1

Power Rating
KYOWA
220V AC 1000W
An electrical kettle is marked 220 V
1000W means that the electric kettle
will consume 1000W of electrical
energy every 1 second it if is
connected to the 220 V
John A. Javier Jr. III
Electrical Energy Consumed
The amount of electrical energy
consumed in a given time:
Energy consumed = Power rating x time
Unit:
E = Pt kiloWatt x hour (kWh)
John A. Javier Jr. III
Exercises
1. A freezer of resistance 10 is
connected to a 110 volt source.
What is the power consumed by
this freezer?
Ans. 1.2 x 103 W
John A. Javier Jr. III
12/8/2009
Power Rating
The larger the power rating in the
electrical appliance, the more energy
is used in every second.
The longer the usage time, the more
electrical energy is consumed.
Physics 09- 10 John A. Javier Jr. III Physics 09- 10
Cost of Electrical Energy
An air conditioner with power rating of
1000W is left turned on for 30 days.
How much is the cost of electrical
energy? (cost per unit = Php 4.50/kWh)
Cost = number of units x cost per unit
Solution:
E = Pt = (1 kW)(24hrx30days) = 720 kWh
Cost = 720kWh x Php4.50 /kWh= Php3240
Physics 09- 10 John A. Javier Jr. III Physics 09- 10
Exercises
2. A digital video disc player is
rated at 100 W at 120V. What is
its resistance?
Ans. 144
Physics 09- 10 John A. Javier Jr. III Physics 09- 10
2
 12/8/2009

Seatwork Seatwork

1. The current through a 2. An electric toy with a resistance of

refrigerator of resistance 12 is
13 A. What is the power
consumed by the refrigerator?
15 is operated by four 1.5V batteries
connected in series.
(a) What current does the toy draw?
(b) What is the power consumed by
the toy?

John A. Javier Jr. III Physics 09- 10 John A. Javier Jr. III Physics 09- 10

Seatwork Solution (Exercises)

3. On average, an electric water 1.

heater operates for 2.0 h each day.
(a) if the cost of electricity is
P4.5/kWh, what is the cost of 2.
operating the heater during a 30-
day month? (Power rating 4.5kW)
John A. Javier Jr. III Physics 09- 10 John A. Javier Jr. III Physics 09- 10

Solution (Seatwork) Solution (Seatwork)

1. 3.

2.

John A. Javier Jr. III Physics 09- 10 John A. Javier Jr. III Physics 09- 10