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Ff
N

= st

c
a

( 1
, 120 .
.
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).
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.



(...)

...

F f ( )
c

a b

F f ( )

B f ( )

a b

ns
ns

F f ( ) =

K wf

Nf
P

I f cos = F fm cos

, , .

,

,
...
,
, .
B f ( ) = B fm cos


( )
,

ns .

,
, .

Ff
Bf

= st
a

... ,
( ) ...

FAm

N ph
3 4

= K wa
2
P

I m

, .
... ,
... .
FR ( )

...

F f ( )

FR = Ff + FA

FA ( )
a b

Ff

ns

(a a)

ns

FR

FA

B f ( )
c

+a

a b

ds

( )
,

ns .
,

,


.

,
.
( )
4
af = f sin t f = B fm lr
P
( ),
Faraday

eaf =

d af
dt

= N ph f
Ef =

Em
2

d
( sin t ) = N ph f cos t = E m cos t
dt
=

N ph f
2

= 4.44 fN ph f

H () ,
( ), 90o .

s
f
Ff

aa

Ef

... ,
.

( ),
. , ...
,
,
.

,

ns
,
. ,
.. .

,
,


.



,
.
P o Dl
F fm FAm sin sr
2
2
g

P Dl
P Dl
=

2 2g

F fm FRm sin r

2 2g

FAm FRm sin s

,
.
=

R F fm sin r
22

R FAm sin s
22

...
. ,

,
r,
.

(Nm)
+ Tmax

180o

90o

+ 90o + 180o

Tmax

 ...
-
( ),
.

,
.
... 90
.
...
... ( ) 90 .

( a a )

F f ( )

ns

FA ( )

a b

Ff

FR ( )

=0

ns

FR

FA A Ia

Ef

( a a)

 -
.
, ...
... (90 + )

( a a )

F f ( )

ns
FA ( )

a b

FR ( )

ns

Ff

FR
Ef

FA

(a a)

Ia

 -
.
, ...
( ), .
... , ...
, (90 ) .

( a a )

F f ( )

a b

FR ( )
a

FA ( )

ns

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FA

Ef

(a a)

ns

,
.

,

 -
:
( ), .
:
,

, .
, ...
90 .
...
... ( ) 90
.

( a a )

F f ( )

FA ( )

ns

a b

FR

= 180 o

FR ( )

ns

f
Ff

I a A FA

Ia

Ef

(a a)

 -
.
... ...
(90 ) .

( a a )

F f ( )

ns

FA ( )

FR
c

a b

Ff

Ia

FA

Ef

FR ( )

ns

Ia

(a a)

 -
.
... , ...
, (90 + ) .

F f ( )

FA ( )
c

( a a )

ns

FR ( )
c

a b

Ff

FR

ns

Ia

FA

Ef

(a a)

,

.

,

 : H
( )
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.
:
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:
...
,
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... .

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... .

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FR
ns

(a a)

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,
, .
... ,
...
.

,

.
...
... ,

90 .

E R = Ef + E A
ER = ... R ( ), (V)
EA = ... A , (V)

R = f + A

Im

A
f

Ef

ER

EA

Ia

Re

ra = .
xal = , .
( ,
,
,
xal )
... EA ,
90 .
A Ia.

E A = jK A A = jx a I a

E R = Va + (ra + jx al )I a
Ef =
ER + jxa I a =
Va + I a (ra + jxs )

E R = Va (ra + jx al )I a
Ef =
ER jxa I a =
Va I a (ra + jxs )
x s = x a + x al

= (
).


,
.
:
,
: 180 .

.

. Va = E R

..

..

..

 .. ( )
(R) ,
(A) 180
(f) .

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),
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(
), .


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).
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) ,
.

( ,
. ,
).
( )


Pin = T s

Pint

Pw, c

PCu , f = V f I f

PL = 3Va I a cos

PCu = 3I a2 ra

Pin = 3Va I a cos + V f I f

PL = T s

Pint

PCu = 3I a2 ra + V f I f

Pw, c

Ia =

Pint = 3 Re E f I *a

E f Va E f Va
=
ra + jx s
zs

E 2f

E f Va

Pint = Re{S int } = 3

cos
cos( + )
zs

zs

Qint

E 2f

E f Va

= Im{S int } = 3
sin
sin( + )
zs

zs

Va E f

Va2
cos( )
cos
PL = Re{S L } = 3
zs
zs

Qint = Q L + I a2 x s

Va E f

Va2
sin( )
sin
Q L = Im{S L } = 3
zs
zs

Pint = PL + I a2 ra


,
ra << x s
:
Pint = PL = 3

Qint

E 2f E f Va

cos
=3

zs

zs

Va E f
xs

sin = Pmax sin

Va E f
Va2

cos
Q L = 3

z
z
s
s

,
( ).

(

).
,
.
3E f V a
Pmax =
xs

Pint

+ Pmax

180o 90 o
+ 90 o

Pmax

+ 180o


3 Va E f
sin = Tmax sin
T=
=
s s xs
Pint

,
.
Tmax Pmax,
,
,
.

Tmax =

3 E f Va
s xs
T

+ Tmax

180o 90 o
+ 90 o

+ 180o

Tmax

,

,
.
(
),

,

. ,
-
.

T (Nm)

+ Tmax

ns
Tmax

n(rpm)



,
.
,
.

rin = 2ra

ra =

rin Vdc
=
2 2 I dc

2r
rin = ra // 2ra = a
3

ra =

3rin 2Vdc
=
3
3I dc


, ,
. ,
.

ns , . If
.
, ,

,Va ( I a = 0) = E f

, E f = f ( I f ) I
Ef

OCC

Va ,no

I f

If

a =0

, (OCC)

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...
.
, .
If,

.

, (
, ). ,
. , ,
.


,
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,
,
.
, I a = f ( I f ) Va =0 , (SCC)

E f (V )

I a ( A)
OCC

SCC

Va ,no

I sc

I sc

I f I f

I f ( A)

,

. ,
ra << xs , ,

.

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90 ,

.
, 10-20%
, ,
10-20% .
.

ER
Ef

Va =0

I a x al x al
=
I a xs
xs

, 150%
,
, .
,

z s , sat =

Va ,no

I sc

I f = I f

z s ,unsat =

Va ,no

I sc

I f = I f

x s , sat = z s2, sat ra2

x s ,unsat = z s2,unsat ra2


E f (V )

I a ( A)
OCC

Va ,no

SCC

I a , no

I f

I f

I f ( A)

(SCR).

,

.
I f
SCR =
I f

..

SCR =

1
zs , sat ( pu )

, ,

.

SCR =

1
x s , sat ( pu )

: SCR ..
. ,
,
. ,
,
,
.

 V
, ,
,
.
, .
,
.
T
=

3 Va E f
sin
s xs

E f sin
=
.

:
,
(Ef sin) .

I a cos = .

, ,

, .

Im

Ef 2

Ef 3

E f cos = .

Ef1

I a3

1
1

Ia2

jxs I a1

Va

Re

I a1

I a cos = .

f f . cos
( RL R)

.
,

. ..
, RC,

.
, f

,
.
,
90
.
,
,
,
.

I a ( A)

M ..

0.75
0.5
0.25

I f ( A)


Im

ra , P in = P e m .

( )

f . Vf ( V = .)
V,


.

I a1

I a cos = .

Va

Ia2

Re

jxs I a1

I a3

Ef 3

Ef 2

Ef1

E f cos = .

I a ( A)

M ..

0.75
0.5
0.25

I f ( A)

f Ef .
V

.
(. = 1)
, f



,
,
.
V .

.
,
.
,
,
90 . , ,
.


,
. , = 0
= 0. :

Va = E a

f = . , n = .
V Ea
.
Ia = a
jx s
,
.
Im
Ia

Im

=0

=0

jxs I a

Va

jxs I a

Ef

Ef

Re

Ia

Va

Re

,
,

.

, : S in = Va I *a = 3Va 0 o I a 90 o = j 3Va I a
, .
, .
, 90
.
: S in = Va I *a = 3Va 0 o I a + 90 o = + j 3Va I a
, .

, ,
.., .


( ), :
,



PCu ,max = 3I a2,max ra + I 2f ,max r f
( ).
,
( ),
, .
S no = 3 V p ,no I a ,max = 3V ph ,no I a ,no

ns = ct, .
,
. ,
PCu,
.
, PCu
.
,
.

 ( )
jQ

3Va2
xs

S = P + jQ = 3

If

O
P

= 90o

3Va E f
xs

<0

>0

Va E f
xs

3Va E f
3Va2
sin + j
cos
xs
xs

, Ef
,
f .
O 3VaEf /xs ,
Ef
, f .
O S=3VaIa
,
.

f
( )
. , ,
.
A B f ,
,
.


( ),
,
.
, .
,
.
, ,
.


,
.. .
, ,
,
ns, .
,
,
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ns , ,
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ns ,
.
,
.

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.
:

AC/DC/AC

.

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,
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.
ns ,
.

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.
ns ,

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.

,

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,
.


, AC/DC/AC.

,
,
( V/f)
V
= .
f

../../..
V

T ,

(V/f = ct.),

.
,
.


,
.
,
.

,


.

,
.
:
: (
)

,
(
),
180o (
90o).
, ,
, 90o.

 ,
I , 90o
, f

...
,

.
,


,
.
,

,

.

E A = Ed + Eq
E d = jx d I d
E q = jx q I q

xd = (


xq = (

,
.

x d = xl + x ad

x q = xl + x aq

xad = , ()
xaq = , ()
xl = , ()

xd > xq


jxd I d

jxq I q

Ef E+
f

d
ra I a

Iq

Ia
+

Va

Ef
q

Va

jxq I q

Id
Ia

ra I a

jxd I d

E f = Va + ra I a + jx d I d + jx q I q
I q = I a cos( + )
I d = I a sin( + )

E f = Va cos + ra I q + x d I d
Va sin + ra I d = x q I q


,
, .
, .
E f = Va + ra I a + j ( x d x q )I d + jx q I d + jx q I q = E qd + j ( x d x q )I d

E qd = Va + ra I a + jx q I a

, Edq Ef
Edq ,
.
,

d

Eqd

Iq

Ef
q

Va

Ia

ra I a

jxq I a
jxq I q

Id

jxq I d

j ( xd xq )I d

jxq I q

 Ef Edq,
.

, , ,
... Edq

jxq
ra
Ia
+

Eqd

Va

,
.
Edq,
E qd = E f ( x d x q ) I d

x d x q ( ), E qd = E f


d
O

Eqd

Iq

Ef

jxq I a

Va

Ia

ra I a

Id

jxq I q

(OA) = Va + ra I a cos + x q I a sin

( AB ) = x q I a cos ra I a sin

jxq I q

jxq I d

j ( xd xq )I d

tan =

x q I a cos ra I a sin
( AB )
=
(OA) Va + ra I a cos + x q I a sin

Id =

E f Va cos
xd

Iq =

Va sin
xq

Va sin = x q I a (cos cos sin sin )

cos
I a X q cos

= tan
Va + I a X q sin

, , ra = 0


T ,
, I

jxq I q

Ia

jxd I d

Va = E f + ra I a + jx d I d + jx q I q

ra I a

Va = E qd + ra I a + jx q I a

+ E
f

Va

E qd = E f + j ( x d x q )I a

Va

jxq I a

Id

Iq

Ia

Ef
ra I a

jxq I q

Eqd
ra I a
j ( xd xq )I d

q
jxq I q

I a X q cos

= tan
Va I a X q sin

S = 3Va I *a = 3Va I d + I q

= 3 Va I *d + Va I *q = P + jQ

R ,

Pint= 3Re Va I*a = 3Re Va I*d + Va I*q

Pint =

3Va E f
xd

P int



.

sin +

3Va2 ( x d x q )
2 xd xq

sin 2

, f



( ).

O ,
,

.
x d = x q

Pint

+ Pmax

180o

90o

180 o

90 o

Pmax

, Pmax

,
.
H

,
P max

,

.

T=

Pint

3Va E f

s X d

3Va2
sin +
2 s

Xd Xq

Xd Xq

sin 2


R ,

....
, :

...
,
....
xd xq ,
.

ns,
. ,
... ,
.

T I

.
max

I max
... min
I min

....

,



.
,
,
( ).
Vmax

Vmin

Vmax
=
x
, d
I min
xd xq , :

xq =

Vmin
I max

:
,
. ,
.



.
( ,
),
,

1. / (),
.
2. ,

3. ,
.
4. / , .

 ,
.
,
, .
L1
L2
L3
V

Rf
Lf

+
Vf

,
.
:
,
.

,


.