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Thisisthekeyforeachtestform.What
followsisanexplanationofeachquestion
basedontheorderoftestformA.Ifyou
hadtestformB,thequestionswereina
differentorderbutwereotherwisethe
same.
1. Theaxialfilamentofaspirocheteisaspecializedtypeofwhatcellstructure?
A.Pilus
B.Flagella
C.Capsule
D.Slayer
E.Vesicle
Flagellaissimplytheonlyrightanswer.
2. Ascientistattemptingtostudyrelationshipsbetweeneukaryotesandprokaryotesisputting
togetheraphylogenetictreebasedonrelatednessofavarietyofspecificgenesequencesfrom
genomesshesequencedherself.Whenshecomparesabacteriumandaplantbytheir16SRNA
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MIC102Exam1Key
sequences,shefindsthemtobedistantlyrelated.However,whenshecomparesthemusinga
differentgene,theyappeartobeverycloselyrelated.Whymightthisbe?
A.Thisgeneisfromtheplant'smitochondriawhichisderivedfromabacterialancestor
B.Thisgeneisfromtheplant'schloroplastwhichisderivedfromabacterialancestor
C.Thisgeneisactuallyfromabacterialendosymbiontlivinginsidetheplantcellshegot
theDNAfrom
D.Alloftheabovearepossibleexplanationsforthisphenomenon
E.Noneoftheabovearepossibleexplanationsforthisphenomenon
Plantshavebothmitochondriaandchloroplasts,sobothAandBarecorrect,andbacterial
endosymbiontscanpotentiallybefoundinanytypeofeukaryoticcellaswell.
3. Glucosefermentationbysomemicrobesresultsintheaccumulationofacidssuchasacetateand
lactateinthemedium.Thecreationoftheseacidbyproductsisnecessaryto
A. reduceATPproductionbysubstratelevelphosphorylation
B. increaseATPproductionbyrespiration
C. achieveredoxbalance
D. reverseelectrontransporttogeneratereducingpower
E. disruptenergytransport
OnlyCworks.FermentationallowscellstocontinuegeneratingmoreATPbySLPby
maintainingredoxbalance.Fermentationisnotlinkedtoelectrontransport/respiration.
4. ThemembraneofthebacteriumEpulopisciumfishelsoniprogressivelywrinklesandfoldsupasit
growslargerandlarger.Why?
A.Ascellsgrowlarger,theirsurfaceareaincreasesfasterthantheirvolumewithouttheseextra
folds,limitingdiffusionrates
B.Ascellsgrowlarger,theirsurfaceareaincreasesmoreslowlythantheirvolumewithout
theseextrafolds,limitingdiffusionrates
C.Ascellsgrowlarger,theirsurfaceareaincreasesatthesamerateastheirvolumewithout
theseextrafolds,limitingdiffusionrates
D.Ascellsgrowlarger,theyarenaturallyincapableofmaintainingaconstantshape
E.Ascellsgrowlarger,thesefoldsallowthemtostoreDNA
Forspherical/cylindricalshapes,SurfaceAreaincreasesmoreslowlythanVolumeasthe
radiusincreases,whichwilldecreasediffusionrates.Foldingthecellmembraneincreasesthe
SurfaceAreaofthecelltocompensateforthis.DandEareirrelevant.
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MIC102Exam1Key
5. You'redoingaGramstaininlab,butyou'rerushedandforgetyourethanolrinsestep.Thegood
newsforyouisthatyou'vedonecontrolssoyouwillbeabletotellthatyoumissedthisstep.What
wouldbeyourclue?
A.YourGrampositivecontrolispurple
B.YourGrampositivecontrolispink
C.YourGramnegativecontrolispurple
D.YourGramnegativecontrolispink
E.Noneoftheseresultswillhelpme.Whatgoodarecontrolsanyway?
IfyoufailtouseEtOH,youwillnotwashtheCrystalVioletIodinecomplexoutofanycells,G+
orG.ThismeansthatbothtypeswilllookpurpleevenafterSafraninestaining.Youknowthat
aGcontrolbacteriumshouldlookpinkifyouperformthestaincorrectly,soCisthecorrect
answer.
6. WhichofthefollowingisNOTsomethingaslimelayerorcapsulecandoforabacterialcell?
A.Resistdesiccation
B.Avoidphagocytosis
C.Limitdiffusionofharmfulcompoundstowardsthecell
D.Allowcellstoadheretosurfaces
E.Createarigidstructuretomaintaincellshape
Slimelayers/capsulescansimplydoeverythingexceptE.
7. Microbesadaptedtogrowathightemperaturecanutilizeavarietyofstrategies.Whichofthe
followingisanadaptationthatonlyahightemperatureadaptedArchaeonwouldhave?
A. Proteinswithincreasedamountsofchargedaminoacidstopromotesaltbridges
B. UseofHeatShockProteinsandChaperonestohelpstabilizeandfoldotherproteins
C. ReverseGyrasetowindthechromosomeintopositivesupercoilstotightenDNA
D. Cellmembranecomposedoflipidbilayerwithisoprenoidslinkedtoglycerolwithether
bonds
E. Cellmembraneproteinsforpumpingprotonsoutsideofthecell
OnlyArchaeacanhavelipidsintheirmembranethathaveisoprenoidsandetherlinkages
soDiscorrect.
8. Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?
A.FlagellaandPiliarebothassembledbyaddingtheirrepeatingsubunitstothegrowing
base.
B.FlagellaandPilibothprovidemotilitybyrotatinglikepropellors
C.FlagellaandPilicanbothbeantigenic
D.FlagellaandPilicanbothbeusedtotransferDNAfromonecelltoanother
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MIC102Exam1Key
E.BothAandBarecorrect
OnlyCiscorrect.A:onlypiliarelikethis.B:onlyflagellaarelikethis.D:onlypili.
9. Placethefollowingbacteriainorder,fromsmallestgenomesizetolargest:
1.Sorangiumcellulosum,asoilbacteriumthatcanundergocoordinatedmulticellular
processesandproducesawidevarietyofantimicrobialcompounds
2.Mycoplasmapneumoniae,anobligateparasitethatlivesentirelywithinthehuman
respiratorytract.
3.Escherichiacoli,abacteriumthatcanlivebothinthemammaliangutandinthewider
environment
A.1,2,3
B.2,3,1
C.3,1,2
D.2,1,3
E.1,3,2
Mycoplasmaisthesmallest,asitisverylimitedinenvironments,metabolism,andactivities.
E.coliisnext,asitismorealongthelinesofaregularbacteriumthatcansurviveinacouple
environments.Sorangiumisthelargest,asitcanperformcomplexactivities,hasacomplex
metabolism,andlivesinamoderatelycomplexenvironment.Referencedinanearlylecture.
10. Undernormalcircumstances,bacteriausewhichofthefollowingmechanismstokeeptheir
chromosomecompacted?
A.CloseassociationofnegativelychargedionsandtheDNAmolecule
B.DNAbindingproteinsthatfoldupthechromosome
C.AllowingaslightbiastowardsTopoisomeraseactivitytokeepthechromosome
slightlypositivelysupercoiled
D.Alloftheabove
E.Noneoftheabove
OnlyBiscorrect.Awouldbecorrectifitsaid"positiveions"andCwouldbecorrectifitsaid
"gyraseactivitytokeepthechromosomenegativelysupercoiled."
Forquestions1114,fillintheblanksinthechartwiththecorrectitembeingproduced(fromoptions
AE)
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MIC102Exam1Key
11.
12.
13.
14.
(1)C
(2)B
(3)A
(4)D
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Macromolecules
BuildingBlocks
FuelingProducts
Structures
Canopies
Thisisfairlystraightforwardandthechartwasshownlotsoftimes.
15. PenicillinisadministeredtoacultureofStaphylococcusaureus(aGrampositivebacterium)thathas
reachedarelativelystablestationaryphase.Whatdoyouexpecttohappen?
A. Thecellswilldieduetotheeffectoftheantibioticontheircellwalls
B. Thecellswilldieduetotheeffectoftheantibioticontheirproteinsynthesis
C. Thecellswillremainmostlyunaffectedbytheantibioticbecausetheyaremostlyfinishedwith
cellwallsynthesis
D. ThecellswillremainmostlyunaffectedbecausetheirLPSwillprotectthemfromtheactionof
theantibiotic
E. Thecellswillremainmostlyunaffectedbecauseofprotectiveenzymesintheirperiplasm.
Mostcellswillnotbeactivelymakingmorecellwallatthisstage,soacellwallsynthesisinhibitor
likepenicillinwillnothavemuchofaneffectonthesecells.G+cellsdonothaveLPSora
periplasmsoDandEdonotapply.
16. Whichoftheseisnotfoundinanyprokaryoticcell?
A. StoragegranulescontainingDNA
B. Plasmidsthatarestablyinherited
C. CircularDNAwithregulatedsupercoiling
D. Gasvesiclesandcarboxysomessurroundedbyproteinshells
E. Coexistingthylakoidsandcarboxysomes
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MIC102Exam1Key
Wecoveredallthesestructures.Thiswasaquestionrepeatedfromthechapter3quiz.
17. Yourlabhasanoverlycomplexmethodofstoringmicrobialsamplesofalldifferenttypes.Notonly
doeseachorganism'ssampletubehaveaname,ithasalistofcharacteristicsofthatorganism.One
dayyourbossasksyoutograbatubeof"anyArchaeon"fromaparticularboxandthenleaves.
Whenyoulookinthebox,allthenameshavebeenwipedoff!Youcan'tgetintocontactwith
anyoneelseinyourlabforhelp(thoselazyjerks),butallthecharacteristicswrittenonthetubesare
stillintact.Whichtubecouldyouchoosethatwoulddefinitely,absolutelysatisfyyourboss'srequest
foranArchaeon?
A.LPS,CellWall(murein),Flagella
B.CellWall(unknowntype),Slayer,lipidbilayer
C.Mycolicacid,lipidbilayer,porin
D.Lipidmonolayer,Slayer,cellwall(unknowntype)
E.Lipidbilayer,sterolinmembrane,nocellwall
OnlyarchaeacanhavealipidmonolayersoDiscorrect.Bcouldbeanarchaeon,butitcould
alsobeabacterium,soitisnotacorrectanswer.
18. WhichofthefollowingcouldbeusingNonCyclicphotosynthesis?
A. Abacteriumthatusesbacteriochlorophyllasanelectronacceptor
B. AbacteriumthatusesthereducedsulfurcompoundH2Sasanelectronacceptor,
generatingsolidSulfur
C. Abacteriumthatuseswaterasanelectronacceptor,generatingOxygengas
D. BothBandCarecorrect
E. Noneoftheabove
Aiscyclic,asanybacteriumusingachlorophyllisdoingcyclicphotosynthesis.Cis
definitelynoncyclic,asbacteriathatdooxygenicphotosynthesisalwaysdoitnon
cyclically.Bisalsononcyclic,forthesamereasonasC.Theelectronacceptorisnot
thesamemoleculeastheelectrondonor,soitisnotcyclingthesameelectronaround
andaroundthesystem.
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MIC102Exam1Key
19. Yourlazylabmatesareatitagain!Theysetupa10mlcultureofMyxococcusxanthus,butdecided
togoouttocatchsomePokemonwhentheyshouldhaveruntheirexperiment.Theycallyouinlab,
andaskyoutotakeanODreadingforthem.Youdothisfavorforthem,andhelpfullydothe
conversionintocells/mL,findingthattheyarecurrentlysittingatabout8.0x106cellspermL.Your
labmatesarehorrified:theywontbebackintimebeforethecellshitstationaryphase,sincethey
doubleeveryhour.Theybegyoutomakeanewcultureusingthesecellsandsetituptoreachthe
samecelldensitytomorrowmorning.Thats10hoursaway.Ifthecellsusuallylagforonehour,
whatcelldensityshouldyoudilutethecultureto?
A. Approximately1.6x103cells/ml
B. Approximately7.8x103cells/ml
C. Approximately1.6x104cells/ml
D. Approximately7.8x104cells/ml
E. Approximately7.8x105cells/ml
Onewaytofindtheanswer:
N=2n*N0andg=t/n
Weknowg=1hour.t=9hours(10hoursofgrowthminusonehouroflagphase).AndN=
8.0x106cells/mlbecausethatisthefinaldensitywewanttoreach.
n=t/g=9
8.0x106=29*N0
N0=15,625cells/ml=1.6x104cells/ml
ForQuestions2023,matcheachwordwithacorrectexampleorganism(fromthelistofAD)
20.
21.
22.
23.
ChemoheterotrophA
PhotoheterotrophB
ChemoautotrophC
PhotoautotrophD
A. E.coli,fermentingglucose
B. ARhodospirillaceaeutilizinglightenergytofixatmosphericNitrogenandgenerating
precursorsfrommalate(asugar)
C. Beggiatoasp.growingontheoceanfloor,utilizingenergyfromSulfuroxidationto
fixcarbondioxideandformprecursors
D. Nostocpunctiforme,aCyanobacteriumutilizinglightenergytofixcarbondioxide
andformprecursors
Thereisntmuchtoexplainhere.ReviewFigure5.3,table5.6fordetails.
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MIC102Exam1Key
24. Arodshapedbacteriumisreadytobeginactualcelldivision.Selectthecorrectstatement.
A. Thenewlyreplicatednucleoidsareoccludingeachpole.
B. Thenewlyreplicatednucleoidsarenotoccludingthemidcenter.
C. TheFtsZringassemblesatthemidcenter.
D. TheMinproteinspreventtheFtsZringfromassemblingatthemidcenter.
E. BandCarecorrect
AisnotrightbecausenucleoidocclusionofthepoleisirrelevanttothissituationtheMinsystem
hasalreadyblockedFtsZbeforeanyDNAreplicationhasoccurred.DisincorrectbecausetheMin
systempreventsFtsZfromformingtheZringanywherethatisntthemidcenter.
25. TrueorFalse:Achemoheterotrophwillsometimesneedtorunelectrontransportbackwardsto
generateNADPH
A. True
B. False
Achemoautotrophwillneedtodothissometimes,asitisnotgettingreducingpowerasa
naturalbyproductofgeneratingenergy.Achemoheterotrophwillgeneratereducingpoweras
anaturalconsequenceofregularmetabolismandtypicallyuseselectrontransportasawayto
getridofextrareducingpower.
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