09 Therapeutic Agents

CHAPTER
Therapeutic
Agents
KEATH L. MARX, DVM
Editors Disclaimer:
Every attempt has been made to ensure accurate citation
of dosages and references. However, the reader must
assume ultimate responsibility for the use of any medication. Indications and usage listed are as per the reference(s) cited, and may not bear pharmacodynamic data
verifying efficacy or safety.
Dosages that vary significantly (by a factor of 50x or
greater) from other empirical or pharmacokinetic studies may be omitted from the table, but may be found in
the references.
No claims to efficacy or safety are intended or implied.
See abbreviations key at the end.
Nebulize
22 mg/ml
52
2-8 g/kg
2-8 g/kg
2-10 g/kg
1 g/L water
400 mg/kg food
80
25
40
80
330
0.4 g/L
10
80
40
1 g/L feed
0.4 g/L water
80
80
333
100
50
100
50
Amazon, Red Lored
Avian
Avian
Psittacine
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Chicken
Macaw
Parakeet, Quaker
Parakeet, Quaker
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor (Peregrine falcon)
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Bird, Aquatic
Acetylcysteine
Activated Charcoal
Activated Charcoal
Activated Charcoal
Activated Charcoal
Acyclovir
Acyclovir
Acyclovir
Acyclovir
Acyclovir
Acyclovir
Acyclovir
Acyclovir
Acyclovir
Acyclovir
Acyclovir
Acyclovir
Acyclovir
Acyclovir
Acyclovir
Acyclovir
Albendazole
Albendazole
Albendazole
Albendazole
Once
QD
Once
QD
NL
Once
TID
NL
TID
TID
BID
QD
QD
TID
TID
QD
NL
TID
TID
BID
NL
PRN
PRN
Once
QD
QD
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
E
A
A
E
G
G
G
G
G
B
A
A
A
E
E
G
G
E
E
E
E
G
D
B
D
D
E
G
G
Juvenile dosage
94
1526
1526
1503
1503
For Pacheco's virus
For nematodes and Capillaria

Change feed BID
For Pacheco's disease

For Pacheco's disease
For herpesvirus, (also ref # 1560, 1650)
Absorb ingested toxins

Antidiarrheal, absorbs toxins
Give after first dose of fluids for oiled birds
10% concentration
COMMENTS (see references for

duration, precautions and
contraindications)
Add ketamine
Add etorphine
Add ketamine
Add etorphine
Add etorphine + xylazine
Add ketamine
Add ketamine
435
435
1470, 1473
435
1306
1306
1352
1352
435
435
1060
1060
763
1365
1554, 1745
1240
1400
1526
700
53, 704
447
1401
447
1401
1401
1386
418
418
C.I.** REFERENCE
**A = Pharmacokinetic research; B = Clinical efficacy trial; C = Manufacturers recommendation; D = Published with reference; E = Published without reference; F = Extrapolation from other species; G = Anecdotal
PO
PO
PO
PO
Drink
Feed
PO
IM
IM
PO
Gavage
Drink
IM
PO
IM
Feed
Drink
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
IM
IM
NL
IM
NL
NL
IM
IM
IV
Avian
Cassowary, Double-wattled
Hawk
Ostrich
Ostrich
Owl
Raptor
Ratite
Ratite
Acepromazine Maleate
ROUTE
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
0.5-1
0.63
2.0
0.16-0.19
25 MG TD
2.0
2.2
0.25-0.5
0.1-0.2
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
242
C l i n i c a l Av i a n M e d i c i n e - Vo l u m e I
4-8
10
6-12
5.4
5-7
5-10
10
10-15
0.33 g/L
0.67 g/L
10
0.33 g/L
10-30
16 ml/L
30 ml/L
0.001 g/L
25
2
10
Avian
Avian
Buzzard (Augur, Lizzard)
Chicken
Crane
Eagle (African Fish, Hawk, Tawny)

and Falcons
Flamingo
Goshawk, African
Owl, Great-horned
Pelican
Pigeon
Psittacine
Raptor
Avian
Budgerigar
Budgerigar
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Poultry
Turkey
Alfaxalone + Alfadolone
Allopurinol
Allopurinol
Allopurinol
Allopurinol
Allopurinol
Allopurinol
Aloe Vera
Aloe Vera
Amantadine HCl
Amantadine HCl
Amantadine HCl
Amantadine HCl
10
Drink
PO
PO
PO
Drink
Drink
IM, PO
Drink
Drink
PO
Drink
PO
IV
IV
IV
IV
IM-IV
IM-IV
IV
IV
IV
IM-IP
IV
IV
IV
IM-IV-SC
PO
NL
PO
PO
PO
ROUTE
NL
NL
NL
QD
QD
QD
QD
NL
NL
QD
NL
BID
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
QW
NL
QD
Once
BID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
G
G
G
G
G
G
E
B
E
E
E
B
B
G
G
E
B
E
E
B
B
E
E
G
E
E
E
1650
1650
435
435
1682
111
58, 704
111
763
1035
1240
1756
1240
1610
1174
595
232
1240
1568
1610
1181
1181
1610
1610
1240
704
1361
1471
1478
1478
1240
C.I.** REFERENCE
For orthomyxoviruses
For orthomyxoviruses
For gout
For hyperuricemia
To treat gout
For wild injured raptors anesthesia induction
May cause transient apnea, surgical anesthesia

for 8 to 10 min
Short duration, may be apnea

Short duration
For trematodes
For fascioliasis
For nematodes and flukes
Repeat in 2 weeks, antiprotozoal

contraindications)
10-36
Avian
5-10
36
10
10
4-8
20
10
50
100
0.264
Crane
Emu
Penguin
Penguin
Ratite
Albendazole
Albendazole
Albendazole
Albendazole
Albendazole
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
Chapter 9 | T H E R A P E U T I C A G E N T S
243
10-15
13-20
10-15
18-20
20
15-20
15-20
10
10-20
15
7.6
10-20
15
15-20
15-40
15-20
7.6-11
10
0.25-0.75
20-40
0.05
0.5
10
6.75
5 ml/L
1-5
10 ml/L
2
3.6 g/L feed
Amazon, Blue-fronted
Amazon, Orange-winged
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Chicken
Cockatiel
Cockatoo, Goffin
Crane
Fowl, Domestic
Gull
Ostrich
Parrot, Grey
Penguin, African
Pigeon
Psittacine
Raptor
Ratite
Stork, Saddle-billed
Raptor
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Pigeon
Psittacine
Avian
Anseriformes
Duck, Mallard
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Sulfate
Amikacin Sulfate
Aminoloid
Aminonitrothiazole
Aminopentamide Sulfate
Aminophylline
Aminophylline
Aminopromazine
Aminothiazole
Amitriptyline HCl
Ammonia Solution
Amobarbital Sodium
Amobarbital Sodium
PO
Feed
Topical
PO
Drink
IM
Nebulize
IV-PO
IM-SC
PO
IM
IM
IM/IV
IM-IV-SC
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM-SC
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM-IV
IM
IM
IM
IM
ROUTE
PRN
Once
PRN
B-QID
QD
NL
BID-TID
q3h
BID
NL
q2w
BID-TID
BID
BID-TID
BID
TID
BID-TID
BID-TID
BID
QD-TID
BID
TID
BID-TID
BID
BID
QD-BID
QD
BID
BID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
G
G
E
A
A
A
E
A
A
A
E
A
E
A
A
G
G
E
G
G
G
4
1398
111
1446, 111, 1240
1240
1209
1199
1151
111, 1240. 1473
1463
111
697
736
1473, 111
1478, 1559
1058
32, 697, 879
697
629
1631
1357
747
112, 692
1353
590
565
1314
1308
1645
C.I.** REFERENCE
Soak food in solution
Add aloe vera + 4 drops sulfonate detergent,

control skin pruritis
For behavioral feather picking
Add acetylcysteine, antibiotic, 5 ml NaCl
Control vomition
For trichomoniasis
Induce molting
Monitor hydration
For salmonellosis
For hens

contraindications)
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
244
150-175
250
0.2-0.4 g/L
167
150
100
150-175
100-150
100-150
100
0.3 g/L
0.5 g/kg feed
16
25-50
20
100
0.17 g/L
10
100
200
20-90
100
50
18-91
1.5 g/L
150
0.2 g/L
75-100
20
25-50
15-20
55-110
150-175
250
100
150
50
15-22
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bustard
Canary
Canary
Chicken
Currawong, Pied
Duck
Falcon
Galliformes
Goshawk
Gull
Penguin, African
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Poultry
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Ratite
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
PO
IM
Drink
PO
IM-PO
PO
PO
SC
IM
IM-SC
Drink
Feed
PO
PO
Drink
Parenteral
Drink
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
IM
PO
Drink
IV-PO
Drink
PO
Drink
PO
Drink
PO
PO
IM
SC
IM-PO
IM
PO
ROUTE
QD-BID
QD
QD
QD-BID
NL
BID
QD-BID
QD
NL
BID
NL
Once
QD
BID
QD
q2d
QD
BID
QD-BID
TID
QD-BID
QD-BID
QD-BID
QD-BID
NL
NL
NL
BID
QD
QD
QD
BID-TID
QD-BID
QD
NL
BID
BID
BID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
E
A
A
B
G
C
G
E
G
E
G
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
G
C
G
E
E
G
E
E
G
111
704
704
741
924
1431
1473
1526
1618
1240
1139
1139
1006
1609
705
1128
704
127
1357
1353
493
565
565
733
800
800
993
1066
704
47
705
585
565
1140
1613
1400
1612
1308
C.I.** REFERENCE
Bacterial infections
Use capsules
Gram negative bacteria
Gram positive bacteria
Use high dosage for Enterobacteriaceae
For Streptococcus bovi s
For Streptococcus bovis
Precede with ticarcillin
Post-surgical
Broad spectrum
For open fractures
Broad spectrum
Long-lasting preparation
Soft feed

contraindications)
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
245
10 g/L
3000
10 g/L
3000
100-250
150
150-200
125
125
100
50
150-175
125-150
125
0.5 g/L
50
125
200
125
100
150
125
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bustard
Pigeon
Pigeon
Amazon Parrot
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Canary
Chicken
Hawk, Red-tailed
Owl, Great-horned
Passerine
Pigeon
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Amoxicillin + Tylosin
Amoxicillin Depot
Amoxicillin Depot
Amoxicillin Depot
Amoxicillin Sodium +
Clavulanate Potassium
PO
PO, IM
PO
Gavage
NL
PO
PO
Drink
Gavage
IM, PO
IM-PO
IM
PO, IM
PO
NL
IM-SC
IM
SC
PO
Drink
PO
Drink
ROUTE
BID
BID
BID
BID
TID
BID
BID
NL
BID
BID
BID
BID-QID
BID
QID
TID
q3-7d
q2d
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
A
A
A
E
E
E
234
1400, 1433
1446
751
1489
173
1626
801
1139
1478
1474
1470
1431
704
1491
1127, 1240
493
991
1492
1650
1650
1492
C.I.** REFERENCE
Can be nephrotoxic
For staphylococcal dermatitis
For localized gut infection
For frostbite associated skin infection
Post-operative
For GI infection
Pre- and post-operative
For neonatal septicemia
For bacterial infection with liver disease
Useful in young birds
Dosage based on amoxicillin
Long-lasting formulation
Long-lasting oil based susp.
For flock treatment of bacterial and

mycoplasmal infections

contraindications)
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
246
50-75 mg TD
1
0.33-0.67 g/L
1
1.5
1.5
1
1.5
150-200
Amazon, Yellow-naped
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Bird, Aquatic
Budgerigar
Crane
Gull
Gull
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Amazon Parrot
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Canary
Canary
Crane
Crane, Greater Sand Hill
Emu
Falcon
Parrot, Blue-naped
Pigeon
Pigeon
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B
Ampicillin
Ampicillin
Ampicillin
Ampicillin
Ampicillin
Ampicillin
Ampicillin
Ampicillin
Ampicillin
Ampicillin
Ampicillin
Ampicillin
Ampicillin
PO
IM
IM
Feed
Drink
Drink
Feed
IM-SC
IM
IM
IM-PO
PO
PO
Nebulize
IT
IV
IV
IT
IV
IP
PO
IV-SC
PO
Nebulize
IV
PO
IT
IT
IV-PO
ROUTE
QD-BID
q2d
q4h
QD
QD
QD
QD
BID
BID
BID
BID
BID-TID
BID-TID
TID
BID
TID
BID-TID
BID-TID
TID
QD
TID-QID
QD
BID
BID
TID
BID
QD
TID
TID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
A
A
E
E
E
G
G
A
A
A
E
A
G
E
E
E
E
B
G
E
E
B
E
E
G
E
493
493
1318, 1358
741
741
49
49
596
847
847
1027
567
567
1361
1357
1357
111, 745
111, 741, 1309
1178
861
1503
1503
589
1526
625, 674
1492
740
625
1308
C.I.** REFERENCE
May give combination of both oral and

parenteral
Use capsules
In soft food

parenteral
Add IT amphotericin B + flucytosine +

rifampin for aspergillosis
For GI candidiasis
For aspergillosis therapy
For macrorhabdosis (formerly megabacteria
or avian gastric yeast)
Add flucytosine + IV amphotericin B,

aspergillosis therapy
See above
or avian gastric yeast)
For aspergillosis therapy. Must use sterile
water - NaCl inactivates Amphotericin

contraindications)
25-120
100
100
0.25g/kg
1.041 g/L
1-2 g/L
2-3 g/kg food
15-20
20
20
100
150-200
1
100-200
1.5
109
0.83gL
1.5
100
11-15
Ratite
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
247
150
773
155
0.1 - 0.2 g/L
0.048-0.096g/L
0.08 g/L
40-250 mg/kg food
0.06 g/L
0.2 g/L
1.25 cc/L
0.25 g/L
0.5 g/L
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Ratite
Avian
Avian
Chicken
Crane
Pigeon
Poultry
Psittacine
Chicken
Ampicillin Sodium
Ampicillin Sodium
Ampicillin Sodium
Ampicillin Sodium
Amprolium
Amprolium
Amprolium
Amprolium
Amprolium
Amprolium
Amprolium
Apramycin
20-40
20-50
20-40
20-50 mg TD
250
0.4 KIU/kg
1.7 KIU/kg
Avian
Avian
Avian
Ostrich
Raptor
Avian
Owl, Great-horned
Ascorbic Acid
Ascorbic Acid
Ascorbic Acid
Ascorbic Acid
Ascorbic Acid
Asparaginase
Asparaginase
IM
SC
IM-PO
IM
IM
PO
IM
Feed
PO
Drink
Feed
Drink
Drink
Drink
Drink
Drink
Drink
IM
IM
IM
Drink
IM
Parenteral
IM
PO
IM
ROUTE
QW
Once
NL
QD-QW
q2d
QD
QD-QW
QD
QH
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD-BID
QD-BID
QD-BID
NL
q4-8h
BID-TID
q4h
QID
NL
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
F
E
E
G
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
E
A
A
A
G
G
E
E
E
1470
125
924
1473
401
1359
1473
564
1089
881
564
1361
232
585
1365
111
1492
493
733
733
418
567
585
111
1240
1463
C.I.** REFERENCE
For chicks
Antioxidant therapy, administer during lead
chelation therapy
For viral infection, liver disease, stress
Nutritional use, 5-day slaughter withdrawal
Give thiabendazole previous day
For colibacillosis
Use 20% powder formulation

For sarcocystosis
Coccidiostatic, overdose reversed by

administration of vitamin B complex
No slaughter withdrawal
For coccidiosis
Clostridial treatment
For Enterobacteriaceae

parenteral
Poorly absorbed

contraindications)
0.1 g/kg food
Poultry
Arsanilic Acid
1-1.6
50-100
Amazon Parrot
Ampicillin Sodium
Arecoline Hydrobromide Pelican, Brown
55-110
100
100-200
100-250
Poultry
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Ampicillin
Ampicillin
Ampicillin
Ampicillin
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
248
0.5-1
0.5-1
5
1.2 g/L
5
0.5-1
1
10 drops/kg
33-66 drops/kg
0.25 mg TD
0.5
0.25-0.38
0.1
0.04-0.1
0.1-0.2
0.2-0.5
0.01-0.02
0.1-0.2
0.2
0.1
0.02-0.05
5-20 g/L
Amazon, Red Lored
Avian
Avian
Avian
Psittacine
Avian
Avian
Anseriformes
Avian
Duck, Mallard
Pigeon
Psittacine
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Canary
Pigeon
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Poultry
Aspirin
Aspirin
Aspirin
Aspirin
Aspirin
Aspirin
Aspirin
Astragalus
Astragalus
Atipamezole
Atipamezole
Atipamezole
Atipamezole
Atipamezole
Atipamezole
Atropine
Atropine
Atropine
Atropine
Atropine
Atropine
Atropine
Atropine
Atropine
Atropine
Atropine
Atropine
Atropine
Azamethiphos
Topical
IM-IV
IM-IV
IM-IV
IM-SC
IM-SC
IM-IV
IM-IV
IM-SC
IM-SC
IV
Parenteral
IM-SC
Parenteral
IV
IM
IM
IM
IV
PO
PO
PO
PO
Drink
PO
PO
PO
PO
ROUTE
NL
q3-4h
PRN
q4-8h
QH
NL
PRN
q3-4h
Once
q4h
q3-4h
q3-4h
PRN
q4h
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
TID
QD
BID
TID-QID
QD
TID
QD-BID
QD
QD-BID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
G
E
E
G
D
G
E
E
E
G
G
B
B
E
E
E
G
D
E
G
E
G
1479
1240, 1400
1359
590
1240
1688
61
1150
1309
1151
1554
1650
1309
1714
764
1588
1240
1181
1503
1205
1435
1033
1533
1650
1341, 1671
1756
1645
1756
C.I.** REFERENCE
Apply to animal facilities, insect spray
[May thicken secretions and increase risk of

airway obstruction - KLM]
For acetylcholinesterase poisoning
For organophosphate toxicity
For acetylcholinesterase poisoning
For anticholinesterase poisoning

Preanesthetic
For cholinergic toxin
For anticholinesterase toxicity
For organophosphate poisoning
For convulsions possibly caused by
organophosphate toxicity
Add flumazenil to reverse ketamine +

medetomidine + midazolam
Reverse ketamine + xylazine or ketamine +
medetomidine
Add flumazenil
Reverse medetomidine
Reverse xylazine or medetomidine
Chronic GI problems and infections

Immune stimulant
Add fatty acid omega 6:omega 3 < 6:1 ratio,

use until renal histology normalizes for renal
disease

contraindications)
0.27
0.05
0.5
0.5
0.25-0.38
0.25
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
249
4-6
3.3-6.6
0.5-2
50-80
43
40
1 drop
45-75 drops/L
110-220 mg/kg feed
0.4 g/L
3.3 mg/kg feed
0.07 mg/kg feed
50 ml/kg
10-20 ml/kg
25% solution
10% solution
0.1
0.1
1
0.025
0.05
35
35-88
Ostrich
Ostrich
Ratite
Avian
Avian
Falcon
Avian
Avian
Poultry
Ratite
Chicken
Ostrich
Avian
Avian
Pigeon
Raptor
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Pigeon
Raptor
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Azaperone
Azaperone
Azaperone
Azithromycin
Azithromycin
Azithromycin
Bach flower
Bach flower
Bacitracin
Bacitracin
Bambermycin
Bambermycin
Barium Sulfate
Barium Sulfate
Benzyl Benzoate
Benzyl Benzoate
Betamethasone
Betamethasone
Betamethasone
Biotin
Biotin
Bismuth Subsalicylate
Bismuth Subsalicylate
PO
PO
PO
PO
IM
IM
IM
Topical
Topical
PO
PO
Feed
Feed
Drink
Feed
PO
Drink
PO
PO
PO
IM
IM
IM
ROUTE
BID
Once
QD
QD
NL
Once
NL
PRN
QD
NL
NL
Once
Once
NL
QD
QID
QID
QW
QD
QD
PRN
PRN
Once
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
E
D, E,
G
E
E
E
E
E
E
B
C
G
G
B
G
G
1240
1526
1068
1240
1503
704
201, 1533, 1573
704
1612
1151
1482
400
283
418
564
912
912
1157
702
1154
522
283
1226
C.I.** REFERENCE
May help remove ingested toxins

Enteric coating for oiled birds
During regrowth of claw

Aid in beak and claw growth
Anaphylaxis
Apply to lesion
For Knemidocoptes
G.I. protectant and antiinflammatory

Mix 50:50 with hand-feeding formula for GI
contrast rads
Growth promotant
Clostridial therapy
Nutritional use, no slaughter withdrawal
For calming effect, also apply topically as

spray
See above
For chlamydophilosis
Add ethambutol + rifabutin for
mycobacteriosis
Add metomidate, chick dosage

Add metomidate
Add ketamine + diazepam after 10 to 15
minutes, sedation

contraindications)
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
250
25
2
0.01-0.05
0.5
1-3
1
1-2
1
4
3-4
3-4
2-4
0.7
2
0.000025 (0.025ug/kg) Gavage
200
Raptor
Parrot, Grey
Avian
Pigeon
Amazon, Hispaniolan
Cockatoo
Parrot, Grey
Parrot, Grey
Pigeon
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Rhea
Toucan, Toco
Avian
Avian
Avian
Goshawk
Pigeon
Psittacine
Raptor
Bunamidine HCl
Bupivacaine HCl
Buprenorphine HCl
Buprenorphine HCl
Butorphanol Tartrate
Calcitriol
Calcium Borogluconate
IM-IV
IV-SC
IV
IM-SC
IM-SC
IM-IV
IM
IM
IV-PO
IV-PO
IM-SC
IM
IM
IM
NL
IM
IM-IV-SC
IM
IM
PO
IM
IM
IM
NL
Once
NL
NL
NL
QD
QD
NL
q3h
NL
TID
QD
PRN
Once
NL
PRN
NL
BID
q5h
PRN
NL
NL
QD-BID
QD
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
G
E
B
B
E
E
E
G
G
A
B
A
E
B
E
E
E
1240
1240
234
1432
1434
1431
1183
586, 1339
1656
111, 1249
1240
1359
1628
1379
1339
1678
1339
1167
1656
1339
1463
704, 1434
1526, 1617
1612
1358
C.I.** REFERENCE
For egg binding and hypocalcemic tetany
Used during egg laying problems, often with

oxytocin
For egg binding and hypocalcemic tetany
Add calcium source to gavage for

hypocalcaemia
Add ketamine + medetomidine

Post-surgical pain
Also analgesic
Isoflurane sparing
Plasma levels maintained less than 2 hours at
2 mg/kg
Maintain plasma concentration for less than 2

hours
Anthelmintic
Liquefy respiratory mucus

Mucolytic
For niacin deficiency with leg deformities,

weakness, poor growth

contraindications)
100-200
100-500
300
100-500
100-500
3-6
1.5
1.5
Avian
Avian
Raptor
Bromhexine HCl
Bromhexine HCl
Bromhexine HCl
Feed
75 g/kg feed
Anseriformes
Brewers yeast
ROUTE
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
251
0.44 g/L
150
363
100-300
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Calcium Glubionate
Calcium Glubionate
Calcium Glubionate +
Calcium Lactobionate
Calcium Gluconate
Calcium Gluconate
Calcium Gluconate
Calcium Gluconate
Calcium Gluconate
Calcium Gluconate
270
N/A
Avian
Avian
Caprylic Acid
Carbaryl
Topical
PO
PO
PO
IM-SC
NL
NL
QD
QD
BID
NL
QW
NL
NL
BID
NL
NL
NL
NL
QD
NL
BID
Once
Once
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
111
111
57
1051
88
1621
54
1570
1481
1473
1473
1474
1474
1480
1617
1492
54
1612
1400
C.I.** REFERENCE
5% mixture, powder formulation
Adjunct to aspergillosis therapy
Avoid during breeding season

For ascarids and capillaria
Acute therapy
Add oxytocin for egg binding
For egg binding
Give slowly, follow with oxytocin or

dinoprostone for egg binding, may add
vitamin E + selenium
Slowly to effect
Add phytonadione for bleeding syndrome
For egg binding and calcium deficiencies
For osteodystrophy
For egg binding or hypocalcaemia, give IV

slowly

contraindications)
60-100
75
Avian
Pigeon
Cambendazole
Cambendazole
5-10
Calcium Glycerophosphate Parrot, Grey

+ Calcium Lactate
IM
IM
0.5-1
IM-SC
SC
IM-SC
IV
IM
IV
IM-SC
PO
Drink
PO
Feed
IV-SC
ROUTE
5-10
100-300
Calcium Glycerophosphate Lory, Red

+ Calcium Lactate
Calcium
Avian
Glycerophosphate +
Calcium Lactate
Calcium Glycerophosphate Avian
+ Calcium Lactate
10 g/kg food
Raptor
Calcium Carbonate
5-10
50-100
5-10
50-100
10-50
Raptor
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
252
IV
IV
100-200
N/A
125 mg/m3
5
0.1% solution
3 mg TD
0.024
33
Raptor
Avian
Budgerigar
Avian
Ostrich
Ostrich
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Bustard
Dove
Falcon
Finch
Pigeon
Pigeon
Carbenicillin Disodium
Carbon Dioxide Gas
Carboplatin
Carboplatin
Carboxymethylcellulose
Sodium
Carfentanil Citrate
Carfentanil Citrate
Carnidazole
Carnidazole
Carnidazole
Carnidazole
Carnidazole
Carnidazole
Carnidazole
Carnidazole
Carnidazole
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
IM
NL
Drink
IM
IM-PO
IM
IM
IM-IV
PO
IM
IM
IM
IM
IT
Once
Once
Once
Once
Once
Once
NL
Once
Once
PRN
PRN
QD
q2-3w
QM
NL
TID
NL
TID
BID
BID-TID
BID
BID-TID
TID-QID
BID
TID
QD
NL
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
D
E
E
E
E
G
B
B
G
G
G
E
G
G
E
G
G
E
E
E
E
1572
1221
111, 1473
1554
1503
1240
61
1420
1526
521
465
1457
1033
1259
1564
1400
924
55
861
629, 1361
173
260
565
763
1240
1240
1240
C.I.** REFERENCE
For trichomoniasis
For Ttichomoniasis, less effective than

multiday dimetridazole
For trichomoniasis, no food/water night

before treatment plus no water 2 to 3 hours
after treatment
For trichomoniasis and giardiasis
Add xylazine
Add amphotericin B, mix fresh daily, allow to

stand overnight, dissolve drug in the AM
Dilute with 5% dextrose

Dilute 1:10 with sterile water
Euthanasia
For Gram negative bacteria, synergistic

w/aminoglycosides
Freeze small portions indefinitely
Gram negative, Pseudomonas
5% mixture, lightly dust feathers for

ectoparasites

contraindications)
20-30
20-30
200
20-30
33
20-25
30
25
IH
150
100
100-200
100
150
100
100-200
100
100-200
100
Avian
Avian
Avian
Crane
Owl, Great-horned
Pigeon
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Topical
N/A
Avian
ROUTE
Carbaryl
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
253
30
4
4
5-10
1-2
4
5-10
1-2
5-10
2-10
1-2
2-10
100
25-30
11-55
100
75-100
100
75-100
100
50-100
100
100
50-100
50-100
100
Raptor
Anseriformes
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Pigeon
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Pigeon
Crane
Poultry
Raptor
Amazon Parrot
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Crane
Hawk, Red-tailed
Pigeon
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Ratite
Carnidazole
Carprofen
Carprofen
Carprofen
Carprofen
Carprofen
Carprofen
Carprofen
Carprofen
Carprofen
Carprofen
Carprofen
Cefadroxil
Cefazolin Sodium
Cefazolin Sodium
Cefazolin Sodium
Cefotaxime Sodium
Cefotaxime Sodium
Cefotaxime Sodium
Cefotaxime Sodium
Cefotaxime Sodium
Cefotaxime Sodium
Cefotaxime Sodium
Cefotaxime Sodium
Cefotaxime Sodium
Cefotaxime Sodium
Cefotaxime Sodium
Cefotaxime Sodium
IM
IM-IV
IM
IM
IM-IV
IM
IM-SC
IM
IM
IM
SC
IM
IM-IV
NL
IM
PO
IM
SC
IM
IM-PO
IM-IV-PO
IM
IM-PO
IM
IM-IV-SC
IM-IV-PO
IM-IV-SC
PO
PO
PO
PO
ROUTE
TID
Once
q4-8h
TID
TID-QID
TID-QID
TID
NL
BID-TID
TID
TID
BID
TID
BID-TID
Once
BID
BID
QD
NL
BID
NL
QD
BID
NL
QD
BID
QD
QD
Once
QW-q2w
Once
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
A
A
A
E
E
G
G
E
E
E
E
G
E
G
E
G
D
E
E
E
G
E
D
E
E
E
E
1308
1359
697
748
1473
1478
629
1626
260
565
632
763
629
585
1359
260
1377
1190
1345
1533
1167
1431
1503
1345
1240
1400
1240
61
1240
1364
1240
C.I.** REFERENCE
Neonate dosage
Frozen reconstituted drugs lasts 12 weeks in
freezer, 10 days in refrigerator
Perioperative, use amoxicillin/clavulanate
post-operative
For young birds
Intra-operative
For hock joint pressure sore infections
Perioperative, use amoxicillin/clavulanate

post-operative
Post-surgical pain
Post-surgical pain
Pre-operative painkiller
Post-surgical
For trichomoniasis, hexamitiasis,

histomoniasis, use lower dosage for juveniles
Use lower dosage for juveniles

contraindications)
25
100
12.5-25
20-30
20-30
Pigeon
Pigeon
Psittacine
Carnidazole
Carnidazole
Carnidazole
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
254
75-200
10
50-100
0.16 mg TD
10
100
10-20
75-100
75-100
10
35-50
40-100
35-50
35-50
35-50
40-100
35-50
100
100
35-50
35-50
100
35-50
35-50
100
35-50
100
55-110
35-50
100
100
35-50
35-50
40-100
50-100
Psittacine
Avian
Chicken
Cockatiel
Psittacine
Ratite
Amazon Parrot
Avian
Avian (Macaw)
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Bustard
Crane
Crane
Crane
Crane
Duck
Duck
Duck
Emu
Emu
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Psittacine
Psittacine
Quail
Quail, Bobwhite
Quail, Japanese
Raptor
Raptor
Ceftazidime
Ceftiofur Sodium
Ceftiofur Sodium
Ceftiofur Sodium
Ceftiofur Sodium
Ceftiofur Sodium
Ceftiofur Sodium
Ceftriaxone Sodium
Ceftriaxone Sodium
Celecoxib
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
PO
IM-PO
PO
PO
PO
IM-PO
PO
IM
PO
PO
PO
IM
PO
PO
IM
PO
PO
NL
PO
PO
IM
PO
PO
IM-PO
IM-PO
PO
IM
IM-IV
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM-IV
ROUTE
q4-6h
TID-QID
q4-6h
QID
QID
TID-QID
QID
QID
q4-6h
QID
q2-3h
BID-TID
QID
QID
QID
QID
BID-TID
BID
QID
TID
BID-TID
q2-3h
QID
TID-QID
TID
QD
q4-8h
TID-QID
BID-TID
QID
QD
q4h
TID
BID
BID-QID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
E
E
E
A
A
E
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
G
G
E
G
A
A
A
E
E
A
E
A
E
A
A
E
G
111
1240
1473
1492
1503
1240
596
697
111
457, 847
457
697
847
418, 457, 847
697
847
260
585
763
697
697
457
847
1240
1400
1750
697
111
788
1240
788
788
1756
1308
1756
C.I.** REFERENCE
For E. coli and Proteus
For E. coli and Proteus
For proventricular dilatation disease

symptoms
For bacterial nephritis
For bacterial nephritis

contraindications)
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
255
35-50
100
100
< 50
0.4-0.48g/L bait
2 g/kg grain
0.02-0.025 mg TD
1.54-1.79 g/L corn
0.4-0.5 g/L bait
15
40
8 g/L corn
Avian
Avian (budgerigar, canary, chicken, 106.5

crow, crane)
106.5
106.5
106.5
106.5
Avian
Crane
Emu, pigeon
Eagle, Golden
Falcon, Prairie
Gull (California, Laughing,
Herring)
Hawk (Marsh, Red-tailed,
Swainson's)
Owl, Saw-whet
Pea Fowl, pheasant
Pigeon, sparrow, toucanet
Rail, Wood
Anseriformes
Bird, Seed-eater
Blackbird, Red-winged
Crane
Duck
Duck, Mallard
Duck, Mallard
Turkey
Cephradine
Cephradine
Cephradine
Chitosan
Chloral Hydrate
Chloral Hydrate
Chloral Hydrate
Chloral Hydrate
Chloralose
Chloralose
Chloralose
Chloralose
Chloralose
Chloralose
Chloralose
Chloralose
64-68
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
PO
Feed
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
Topical
PO
PO
PO
IM-IV
IM-IV
IM
IM
IM-IV
PO
PO
ROUTE
Once
Once
Once
Once
Once
Once
PRN
Once
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
q3d-q2w
q4-6h
q4-6h
q4-6h
QID
QID
q2-6h
QID
QID
QID
TID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
E
G
G
G
B
D
E
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
E
E
E
A
E
E
E
G
G
G
1230
4
1230
1361
1386
1095
1401
1386
1084
1084
1084
1084
1086
1086
1086
1084
1084
1633
111, 1473
111
1473
1473
111
565
741
1308
234
1308
C.I.** REFERENCE
Sedation in 40-60 min, 9% mortality
Add diazepam
Add secobarbital
Add diazepam for anesthesia
Add magnesium sulfate + pentobarbital

sodium, reduce dose 15 to 20% in debilitated
birds
Rinse and apply sparingly to wound surface

or pack suppurating wound, promote wound
healing
No gastrointestinal absorption

contraindications)
Chloral Hydrate
Chloral Hydrate
Chloral Hydrate
Chloral Hydrate
Chloral Hydrate
100
100
100
100
30-40
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Ratite
Cephalothin Sodium
Cephalothin Sodium
Cephalothin Sodium
Cephalothin Sodium
Cephalothin Sodium
80.9
64
106.5
50
15-22
Raptor
Ratite
Cephalexin
Cephalexin
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
256
50
Chloramphenicol Palmitate Turkey
Feed
PO
PO
Once
QID
BID-QID
TID-QID
TID
BID
QD
TD
QD
BID
QD
BID
QID
TID
QID
q3h
TID
BID
QD
BID
BID
QID
BID
BID
QD
QID
TID
QID
BID
TID-QID
TID
TID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
A
E
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
G
A
A
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
1094
741
741
739
55
741
704
704
704
394
695
394
394
596
508
508
508
394
394
394
394
394
401
394
394
111
704
1473
1650
111
1240
1308
C.I.** REFERENCE
Anesthesia
For large birds
Not for food animals
Without grit in diet

For salmonellosis
With grit in diet
Double dosage for birds below 5 kg
In soft food
Dilute in 15 ml 0.9% saline solution

contraindications)
150 g/kg food
100
Chloramphenicol Palmitate Psittacine
Cowbird, quail
150-200
Chloramphenicol Palmitate Avian
Chlordiazepoxide HCl
PO
50
PO
Gavage
PO
Nebulize
Parenteral
IM
Feed
IM
IM
SC
IM-IV
IM-IV
IM-IV
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
PO
PO
PO
IM
IM-IV
IM
IM-IV-POSC
80-100
50-100
200 mg
50-100
50
0.1-0.15 g/L
50
50
100
100
25
240
50
50
50
50
50
10
50
50
95
50
30
80
50
50
35-50
Avian
Avian
Avian
Budgerigar
Canary
Chicken
Conure (Nanday, Sun)
Crane
Duck, Chinese
Duck, Chinese
Duck, Chinese
Duck, Muscovy
Eagle
Goose, Egyptian
Hawk
Macaw
Ostrich
Owl, Barred
Pea Fowl
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Psittacine
Raptor
Ratite
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
ROUTE
Chloramphenicol
Avian
Palmitate
Chloramphenicol Palmitate Avian
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
257
SPECIES
5
5
5
25
10
0.0125 g/L
2.5 g/kg corn
2.5 - 5.0 g/kg food
5 g/kg food
1 g/L
5 g/L
100
0.5 g/L
100
34
5 g/kg seed
500 mg/kg food
1.5 g/kg food
2.5 g/L
2.5 g/kg food
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Falcon
Passerine, Small
Penguin
Penguin, African
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Avian
Amazon, Green-cheeked
Amazons
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Budgerigar
Budgerigar
Canary
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chlorhexidine Gluconate
Chloroquine
Chloroquine
Chloroquine
Chloroquine
Chloroquine
Chloroquine
Chloroquine
Chloroquine
Chloroquine
Chloroquine
Chlorpromazine
Chlortetracycline HCl
PO
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
Drink
Drink
PO
Drink
IM-PO
IV
Feed
Feed
Feed
Drink
Feed
Drink
PO
PO
NL
IM
PO
Drink
Drink
PO
PO
PO
Flush
Drink
Drink
Drink
ROUTE
NL
QD
QD
Once
QD
QD
QD
QID
QD
NL
NL
QD
QD
QD
NL
Once
NL
QID
QD
NL
QD
QD
NL
QD
TID
QD
Once
NL
QD
NL
NL
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
C
E
A
B
B
E
E
E
E
E
F
A
E
E
A
A
E
B
D
E
G
E
G
G
B
E
E
705
564
230
1062
1079
704
704
704
741
924
1209
731
565
695
802
802
1492, 1650
111, 1240
262
1612
1400
61, 94
1187
1180
57
61
1177
1240
1492
1240
741
C.I.** REFERENCE
No slaughter withdrawal
Add chlortetracycline feed also

Add chlortetracycline drinking water also
Hulled medicated millet

Antichlamydophilial
For chlamydophilosis initial therapy
For therapy less than 2 weeks duration

For Chlamydophila
For Chlamydophila
Prophylactic dosage
Therapeutic dosage
For feather picking and anxiety
Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon

Add primaquine phosphate
Loading dosage 10 mg/kg
For blood parasites

Usually in combination with primaquine
Add primaquine phosphate
Add primaquine, follow 1st dose with 5
mg/kg at hours 6,18 and 24
Therapeutic but not curative for Plasmodium
Wound flush
For candidiasis
Prevent or treat mild intestinal candidiasis
For candidiasis or antimicrobial prophylaxis

contraindications)
20-60
220 mg/kg food
2.1 g/L
0.4 g/L
10
10
10
Avian
2.5 ml/L of 2%
solution/L
2.5-7.5 ml of 2%
solution/L
0.5% solution
0.005 g/L
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
Chlorhexidine Gluconate Avian
DRUG NAME
258
2.5-10 g/kg food

33
15-20
2.5 g/L
10-30
500-1300
10 drops/kg
0.1
35
Cockatoo, G Sulfur-crested
Conure (Maroon-bellied, Nanday)
Finch
Finch
Galliformes
Lorikeet
Lorikeet
Lory (Ornate, purple-naped)
Lovebird, Abyssinian
Macaw, Buffon's
Parakeet (Bourke's, red-front, ringnecked)
Passerine
Passerine
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Poultry
Psittacine
Raptor
Ratite
Turkey
Turkey
Avian
Avian
Avian
Penguin, African
Choline
Chromium Picolinate
Chromium Picolinate
Cimetidine
PO
PO
PO
Feed
Feed
PO
PO
Drink
PO
PO
IM
PO
Drink
Feed
Feed
Drink
Feed
Drink
Feed
Drink
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
ROUTE
QD
BID
QD
QD
QD
TID
TID
NL
NL
B-TID
QD
TID-QID
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
Once
Once
QD
Once
QD
QD
QD
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
A
E
G
A
C
A
G
G
G
C
C
E
E
E
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
128
1205
1435
1470
693
1612
1308
802
705
565
232
260
590
564
564
1437
1437
1572
1572
704
1077
1077
1077
738
781
738
1079
738
738
C.I.** REFERENCE
Stock solution 1 pill per 30 ml lactulose for

diabetes
For hepatic lipidosis
Add chlortetracycline feed also
Dosage based on weight of food

With or without tylosin

Change daily
Prophylactic
Add drug to drink at the same time, use for

30 days for chlamydophilosis
Add drug to food at the same time, use for
Without grit in diet
Hulled millet + oats for chlamydophilosis

contraindications)
40-50
100
50
0.5 g/L
0.106-0.264 g/L
110-550 mg/kg feed
1.0 - 1.5 g/L
1.5 g/kg soft food
1 - 1.5 g/L
1.5 g/kg food
30
0.5 g/kg fruit
0.5 g/L liquid food
0.5g/kg liquid food
2.4 g/kg food
10-15 g/kg
2.4 g/kg food
4.4 g/kg food

2.4 g/kg food
2.4 g/kg food
Cockatiel
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
259
PO
NL
PO
Parenteral
10-15
20
5
30
20
50
20
0.25 g/L
5-20
20-40
10
0.5-1
1
0.25
0.3 mg/cm3
0.5 g/L
1.0 g/L
0.2
85
5-10
5-10
6.5
5
5-10
7
5-10
100
150
Avian
Canary
Chicken
Cockatiel
Gull
Hawk, Red-tailed
Ostrich
Pigeon
Pigeon
Psittacine
Toucan, Toco
Avian
Psittacine
Raptor
Macaw, Blue and Gold
Avian
Passerine, Small
Psittacine
Avian
Anseriformes
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Psittacine
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Cisapride
Cisapride
Cisapride
Cisplatin
Citric Acid
Citric Acid
Clanobutin
Clarithromycin
Clazuril
Clazuril
Clazuril
Clazuril
Clazuril
Clazuril
Clazuril
Clindamycin HCl
Clindamycin HCl
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
Drink
Drink
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
NL
Drink
PO
PO
PO
PO
QD
QD
q3d
QD
Once
NL
QD
QD
q3d
QD
QD
QD
NL
QW
TID
BID
TID
BID
BID
NL
BID
QD
BID
BID
QD
BID
BID
BID
BID
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
D
E
D
G
G
G
G
E
E
E
E
E
G
E
G
G
A
G
E
A
E
G
G
E
G
1221
1431
1150
57
109
109
57
1240
1240
1154
1722
704
1187
1369
1151
1263
1400
1319
48
797
44
1357
168
628
590
590
111
1379
1571
1470, 1571
C.I.** REFERENCE
For clostridiosis
For osteomyelitis
Repeat after 2 days

Wait 2 days then repeat for coccidiosis
For coccidiosis
For coccidiosis
Repeat after 2 days
Add ethambutol + rifabutin, dose

allometrically for mycobacteriosis
Liver support
Add oxytetracycline
Intralesional-fibrosarcoma
To improve GI motility
For ileus
Increase gut motility
For oviduct infection

Change daily
Add ethambutol + rifampin for liver

mycobacteriosis
Add clofazimine + cycloserine + ethambutol
for avian mycobacteriosis

contraindications)
20
Avian
Ciprofloxacin HCl
PO
80
Avian
Ciprofloxacin HCl
ROUTE
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
260
50
25
30-40
6
1.5
1.5
1-5
0.5-1
3
0.5-1
0.5-1
125-250 mg/kg food
0.25 g/kg food
20
20
20
20
10 g/L
70-100 g/L
100-200
250
100
250
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Psittacine
Raptor
Avian
Cockatoo
Psittacine
Psittacine
Chicken
Poultry
Anseriformes
Avian
Psittacine
Raptor
Crane
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Avian
Raptor
Clindamycin HCl
Clindamycin HCl
Clindamycin HCl
Clofazimine
Clofazimine
Clofazimine
Clofazimine
Clomipramine HCl
Clomipramine HCl
Clomipramine HCl
Clomipramine HCl
Clopidol
Clopidol
Clorsulon
Clorsulon
Clorsulon
Clorsulon
Clotrimazole
Clotrimazole
Cloxacillin Sodium
Cloxacillin Sodium
Cloxacillin Sodium
Cloxacillin Sodium
IM
PO
PO
PO
Nebulize
Nebulize
PO
PO
PO
PO
Feed
Feed
NL
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
NL
NL
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
ROUTE
QD
BID
QD
BID
TID
BID
q2w
q2w
q2w
q2w
QD
QD
QD-BID
BID
BID
QD-BID
QD
QD
QD
QD
BID
TID
BID
BID
BID
QD
BID
BID
QD
QD
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
E
E
E
D
G
E
E
D
G
B
E
D
E
E
F
F
B
G
G
E
G
G
A
E
E
565
1234
1470
1240
1361
1359
1150
818
111
1240
564
564
1475
1278
43
111
1571
1240
1240, 1154
1470
1170
1170
1568
1568
1568
1357
1568
173
1473
111
1240
C.I.** REFERENCE
For bumblefoot
Antifungal
For trematodes and cestodes
For cestodes and nematodes

For tapeworms
Prophylactic
5-day slaughter withdrawal, prophylactic
Gradually increase dose over 4 to 5 days
Control of self-mutilation, mixed results

Cloacal prolapse
For mycobacteriosis
Add ethambutol + rifampin for liver

mycobacteriosis
For osteomyelitis and tendon sheath

infections
Used to treat anaerobic osteomyelitis
Add enrofloxacin
For post-operative orthopedic surgery

contraindications)
40
40
100-150
40
12.5
100
100
100
Eagle, Little
Goshawk, Brown
Gull
Owl, Barn
Owl, Great-horned
Pigeon
Pigeon
Psittacine
Clindamycin HCl
Clindamycin HCl
Clindamycin HCl
Clindamycin HCl
Clindamycin HCl
Clindamycin HCl
Clindamycin HCl
Clindamycin HCl
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
261
0.04
0.01
0.2
0.04
16 IU TD
10%
51% powder
0.5 g/L
1:2000 dilution
0.25-0.5
25
200 mg/m2
5
5
60
10
0.05% solution
2.0% solution
2% solution
0.05 g/L
5
Avian
Avian
Macaw
Psittacine
Psittacine
Avian
Psittacine
Avian
Ostrich
Psittacine
Avian
Owl, Great-horned
Psittacine
Avian
Raptor
Duck, Pekin
Duck, Pekin
Pigeon
Psittacine
Raptor
Chicken
Chicken
Coenzyme Q10
Colchicine
Colchicine
Colchicine
Colchicine
Corticotropin
Crotamiton
Cupric Sulfate
Cupric Sulfate
Cupric Sulfate
Cyanocobalamin
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide
Cycloserine
Cycloserine
Cyclosporine
Cyclosporine
Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin
Danofloxacin Mesylate
Danofloxacin Mesylate
Drink
PO
NL
Topical
NL
IV
IV
PO
PO
PO
IO
IM
Topical
Topical
Drink
Topical
IM
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
IM
ROUTE
NL
QD
NL
QD
NL
QD
TID-QID
BID
BID
Once
QW
QW
q2w
PRN
QD
NL
Once
QD
BID
BID
QD-BID
QD-BID
NL
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
A
B
E
E
A
A
F
E
E
G
D
G
E
E
837
893, 990
1240
704
1240
835
835
1240, 1154
1571
125
1470
111
1446
1240
1254, 283
1240
88, 532
1470
45
111, 1473
1756
1205, 1435
1463
C.I.** REFERENCE
For Mycoplasma gallisepticum

For colisepticemia
Apply as spray
Spray premises for Dermanyssus , avoid contact
with skin
Add ciprofloxacin or enrofloxacin +

clofazimine + ethambutol for avian
mycobacteriosis
**Check current literature prior to use

Maximum dosage listed
Lymphosarcoma
For dermatomycosis
For ulcerative dermatitis

For candidiasis, use acidified copper sulfate
For knemidocoptic mites
For hepatic fibrosis
For heart, geriatric, diabetic, immune

deficient birds
For bacterial infections

contraindications)
100-250
Raptor
Cloxacillin Sodium
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
262
30 mg/kg food
0.03 g/kg food
50
100
20
40
100
1.28 mg/kcal
1
6.67
0.3
0.3
0.3
1-2
2-4
N/A
0.5
2
0.5
0.15-1.5
0.3-3
2-4
4
2-4
0.3-3
1
2
Chicken
Pheasant, Ring-necked
Toucan
Avian
Avian
Mynah
Toucan
Toucan
Avian
Pigeon
Avian
Chicken
Ostrich
Avian
Avian
Avian
Crane, Sarus
Falcon
Heron, Great Blue
Pigeon
Pigeon
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Anseriformes
Decoquinate
Decoquinate
Deferiprone
Deferoxamine Mesylate
Delmadinone Acetate
Delmadinone Acetate
Detomidine HCl
Detomidine HCl
Detomidine HCl
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone Sodium
Phosphate
Phosphate
IM
IM
IV
IM-IV
IV
IM-IV
IM-IV
IM
IM-SC
IM
IM
IM
IM
Topical
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
PO
IM
SC
IM
SC
PO
Feed
Feed
ROUTE
QD
q3-7d
Once
Once
Once
BID
BID
QD-BID
NL
QD
q2d
NL
QD
NL
NL
PRN
PRN
NL
NL
Once
QD
QD
QD
QD
BID
QD
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
E
G
E
E
E
G
E
E
D
E
E
G
E
E
E
E
G
G
G
E
E
B
1240
1033
1087
1027
1087
1432
1432
1240
632
1433
1240
1533
1431
1151
1320
1573
1573
1434
1432
87
340
1280
1180
1470
1280
564
895
C.I.** REFERENCE
Neonate dosage, shock or sepsis

Use with great care
Long-lasting formulation, reduce
inflammatory response and shock
For shock
For shock, trauma, toxic conditions
Use sparingly
Add dimethyl sulfoxide for cloacal or uterine
prolapse
Sedation
Sedation
Continue IM q4h as needed

Repeat qow for series of 10 treatments
For iron storage disease
Iron chelation
To reduce liver iron levels
For iron storage disease, zinc

supplementation may be required
No slaughter withdrawal, prophylactic

For coccidiosis

contraindications)
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
263
2-4
2
N/A
50
500-1000
0.2 ml TD
Psittacine
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Psittacine
Raptor
Budgerigar
Dextrose
Dextrose
Dextrose
Dextrose
Dextrose
Dextrose
Dextrose
Dextrose
Diatrizoate Meglumine
Crane
Crane
Duck
Emu
Emu
Falcon
Hawk, Rough-legged
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
0.5-1
0.2-0.5
1.3-1.7 g/kg bait
0.6
5
1.2
1-1.5
1
1.2-1.6 g/L bait
0.5-1
0.5-1
0.6
0.5-1
400
2 ml/kg
NL
NL
Feed
IV
IV
IV
IV
NL
Feed
IM-IV
IM
IM-IV
IM-IV
IV
IP
IV
IV
IV
IV-PO-SC
IV
IV
Topical
IV-PO-SC
IM
IM-IV
IM
IM-IV
ROUTE
PRN
PRN
Once
PRN
NL
PRN
PRN
PRN
Once
BID-TID
NL
PRN
PRN
Once
NL
Once
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
PRN
NL
QD
NL
QD
Once
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
G
G
E
D
G
D
G
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
E
E
1189
1189
1386
283
4
1401
1092
1403
1230
1240
1120, 1492
1503
1559
1756
95
1400
632
111
1240
1473
1311
1151
1240
1240
1688
1240
1151
C.I.** REFERENCE
For tranquilization 4 to 6 hours

Add ketamine for anesthesia
Add chloralose
Add pentobarbital after 1 hour
Sedation
Add ketamine
Combine with ketamine
For lead poisoning to control convulsions
Add ketamine
Add chloralose
Control seizures
For seizures related to lead toxicoses
For IV excretory urography
Goiter therapy
Give slowly
For hypoglycemia, 50% solution, may be
deleted
Neonate dosage, use 50% solution, slow
bolus
Give slowly for hypoglycemia
For flushing wounds

Isotonic for hypoglycemia and dehydration,
IV slowly
Give slowly

contraindications)
Anseriformes
Anseriformes
Anseriformes
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Bird, Aquatic
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diatrizoate Meglumine + Amazon, Double Yellow-head

Diatrizoate Sodium
Bustard
50-100
50
50-100
1
Avian
Phosphate
Phosphate
Phosphate
Phosphate
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
264
5
1.3-1.7 g/kg bait
200 mg/kg food
374 mg/kg food
100 mg/TD
N/A
N/A
0.5-1.0 mg/kg food
10
Owl
Passerine
Pigeon
Pigeon
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Ratite
Ratite
Ratite
Ratite
Rhea
Swan
Chicken
Poultry
Pigeon
Avian
Kakariki
Chicken
Crow
Partridge, European grey

Passerine
Quail, Japanese
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Dibutyltin Dilaurate
Dibutyltin Dilaurate
Dichlorophen
Dichlorvos
Dichlorvos Strip
Diclazuril
Diclazuril
Diclazuril
Diclazuril
Diclazuril
Diclazuril
Feed
PO
Feed
Feed
Feed
PO
IH
IH
PO
Feed
Feed
IV
Feed
IM-IV
PO
IM-IO-IV
IM-IV
IM
IV
NL
IM
IV
IV
IM
IV
PO
IV
IV
PO
IV
ROUTE
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
q10d
QD
QD
NL
Once
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
NL
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
B
G
B
B
G
D
E
G
E
C
E
G
G
E
E
G
D
D
D
E
E
G
D
E
D
D
E
G
891
1334
891
891
564
1438
704
1609
232
564
564
4
1386
590
1473
1688
824
1401
1533
1403
4
243
418
1432
1401
1439
1401
1401
4
481
C.I.** REFERENCE
Dose on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 for

toxoplasmosis
For Eimeria
Give on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10
For Eimeria
Impregnated strip, 30 m minimum

For Knemidocoptes
10 day slaughter withdrawal
Add ketamine
Add ketamine
Add ketamine
Add ketamine
Add ketamine
Tranquilization particularly during anesthesia
recovery
Sedation
Add chloralose
Add ketamine
Smooth anesthesia recovery
Standing sedation
Give just prior to recovery from
tiletamine/zolazepam
Add ketamine
Anxiolytic and hyperphagic for wild fractious
species
Add ketamine, 20 to 30 minutes deep
sedation
Add ketamine

contraindications)
0.366
10
0.369
0.29-0.56
0.5-1
2.5-4
0.5-1
1-1.5
1
1-1.5
1
0.1
0.2-0.3
0.3
2.5
1
0.5
2.2
1
5
1-2
Kestrel
Ostrich
Ostrich
Ostrich
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
Diazepam
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
265
0.025-0.075
0.1-0.3
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02-0.05
0.0033 g/L
0.02
0.02
2.5
25-35
5 ml
N/A
5
2-4
50
PO
1.25lmllpowder/LlllllllllDrink
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Budgerigar
Sparrow
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Chicken
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol
Digoxin
Digoxin
Digoxin
Digoxin
Digoxin
Digoxin
Digoxin
Dimercaprol
Dimercaprol
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Dimethylglycine
Dimethylglycine
Dimetridazole
Dimetridazole
Nebulize
Nebulize
PO
IM
PO
NL
PO
PO
Drink
PO
PO
IM
IM
PO
PO
PO
Topical
IM
Topical
QD
NL
TID
QD-BID
NL
BID-TID
NL
NL
NL
TID-QID
NL
QD-q2d
q4h
BID
NL
QD-BID
QD-BID
QD
QD
QD
NL
NL
NL
NL
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
E
G
B
E
G
G
D
E
E
G
A
A
E
E
704
741
1205
1435
1240
861
1342
1650
1717
1650
704
1240, 1473
1120, 1236
1033
1470
1152
1152
1323
882
882
111
1473
1463
1240
C.I.** REFERENCE
For trichomoniasis, giardiasis and

histomoniasis
Brain disorders
Immune and energy booster
Reduce swelling, vehicle to carry drugs

through skin particularly on legs
For heavy metal poisoning

Add bupivacaine, prepare 50:50 solution
Add appropriate antimicrobial, adjunct to

parenteral therapy for air sacculitis
For prolapsed phallus
Also apply topically
Add tylosin + 10 ml 0.9% saline solution
Continue BID for 10 days (or longer if

needed) for lead toxicoses
Give 5 days per week for lead toxicosis
Change daily
Anthelmintic
For arthritis

contraindications)
20
Mix 50:50
Ointment
Topical
1 ml/kg 50 % solution PO
10 ml/L
50
Raptor
Diethylcarbamazine
Citrate
PO
12.5 mg/TD
Pigeon
Diclofenac Sodium
ROUTE
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
266
0.1 g/L
0.1 g/L
0.4 g/L
50
20
500 mg/kg food
0.5-1.0 g/L
125
100
40-187 mg/kg food
Finch
Lorikeet
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Poultry
Raptor
Raptor
Chicken
Dimetridazole
Dimetridazole
Dimetridazole
Dimetridazole
Dimetridazole
Dimetridazole
Dimetridazole
Dimetridazole
Dimetridazole
Dinitolmide
0.02-0.1
0.02-0.1
5 mg TD
0.02-0.1
0.02-0.1
0.02-0.1
0.2
0.02
2
4
2-4
2-4
2-4
4
2 mg/mg etorphine
Anseriformes
Avian
Ostrich
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Avian
Cockatiel
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Psittacine
Raptor
Dinoprost Tromethamine
Dinoprostone
(Prostaglandin E)
Dinoprostone
Diphenhydramine HCl
Diphenhydramine HCl
Diphenhydramine HCl
Diphenhydramine HCl
Diphenhydramine HCl
Diphenhydramine HCl
Diprenorphine
NL
IM
PO
NL
PO
IM
IO
Vent
Vent
Vent
IM
Vent
IM
IM
Parenteral
IM-Topical
Feed
Drink
Drink
Drink
PO
PO
Feed
Drink
PO
PO
PO
Gavage
ROUTE
PRN
TID
BID
BID
BID
TID
NL
Once
NL
Once
Once
Once
Once
Once
Once
Once
QD
QD
QD
NL
QW
QD
QD
QD
NL
NL
NL
Once
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
D
E
E
G
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
E
A
E
G
C
G
D
E
E
E
1401
1554
1475
1477
1473
50
1470
1699
1474
1240
1240
1240
1240
1473
1224
1150
564
1334
1479
791
1432
232
564
585
1612
1463
924
1650
C.I.** REFERENCE
Etorphine antagonist
Give before asparaginase and doxorubicin to

minimize anaphylaxis
For anticholinesterase toxicity
Control of self-mutilation
For feather, suture and bandage picking
Precede with calcium gluconate for egg

binding, apply into cloaca, may add vitamin E
+ selenium
For egg binding
For egg binding

Also intracloacal
For caseous salpingitis, add appropriate
antimicrobials for 1 week
Apply to cloacal mucosa for egg binding
For egg binding
Apply to cloacal mucosa topically, egg

binding
For trichomoniasis
For trichomoniasis
Prophylactic
For protozoa
histomoniasis
For cochlosomiasis

contraindications)
0.02-0.1
Dinoprost Tromethamine Anseriformes

(Prostaglandin F-2a)
50
30
Avian
Avian
Dimetridazole
Dimetridazole
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
267
0.3 g/L
10
5-10
5
6
20
10
0.5-1.5
20
10
5-20
0.5-1
0.5
Psittacine
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Falcon
Ostrich
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Avian
Docusate Sodium
Doxapram HCl
Doxapram HCl
Doxapram HCl
Doxapram HCl
Doxapram HCl
Doxapram HCl
Doxapram HCl
Doxapram HCl
Doxapram HCl
Doxapram HCl
Doxepin HCl
Doxepin HCl
Doxorubicin
Doxorubicin
40-50
100
50
0.24 g/kg food
50
100
15
75-100
75-100
Doxycycline
Doxycycline**
Doxycycline**
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline**
Doxycycline
Doxycycline**
Doxycycline**
PO
IM
IM
Feed
PO
IM
Drink
IM-SC
IM
Feed
IM
IO
PO
PO
IV
IM-IV
IM-IO-IV
IV
IM-IO-IV
IM-IV
IV
IM-IO-IV
IM-IV
IT-IV
Drink
IV
IM
ROUTE
QD-BID
q5d-QW
q4-5d
QD
BID
q10d
QD
q5d-QW
q5d
QD
QW
q3w
BID
BID
Once
Once
NL
NL
NL
Once
PRN
NL
Once
Once
NL
PRN
PRN
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
A
B
D
D
B
C
E
E
A
A
E
E
D
E
E
G
E
E
G
E
E
E
B
G
111
230
1062
1150
1150
583
705
565
703
693
55
1470
111
704
1150
111, 1473
243
496
1183
1027
522
1688
1240
1359
763
447
481
C.I.** REFERENCE
Antichlamydophilial
For chlamydophilosis, may be spaced 5 to 7
days for first 4 weeks
European formulation. For

chlamydophilosis, may be spaced 5 to 7 days
for first 4 weeks
**Check current literature prior to use

Give 30 mg/m of body surface for
lymphosarcoma
Control feather picking

Or add to drinking water
For anesthetic emergencies
Also drop onto tongue for cardiac arrest
Stimulant
To aid in expelling lead or prevent

constipation following cloacal surgery
Opioid antagonist
Reverse etorphine

contraindications)
Amazon Parrot
Amazon Parrot
Amazon
Anseriformes
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
1 g/kg food
100
Doxycycline
Amazon Parrot
Doxycycline** References Avian
followed by ** are based
on the long acting
formula)
30 mg/m2
0.05-0.06
4.5-24 mg TD
Ostrich
Ostrich
Diprenorphine
Diprenorphine
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
268
Bird, Aquatic
Bird, Aquatic
Bird, Aquatic
Bustard, Houbara
Bustard, Houbara
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Cockatiel
Cockatiel
Cockatiel
Cockatiel
Cockatiel
Cockatoo
Cockatoo, Goffin
Cockatoo, Goffin
Cockatoo, Goffin
Macaw
Macaw, Blue and Gold
Ostrich
Parrot, Grey
Parrot, Grey
Parrot, Grey
Passerine
Passerine
Penguin
Penguin, African
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Poultry
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline**
Doxycycline**
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline**
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline **
Doxycycline**
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
10
20
75
75-100
25
15
0.05 g/L
0.25-0.5 g/L
1 g/kg food
40-50
1 g/kg food
25
0.4 g/L
1 g/kg mash
25
1 g/kg corn mash
10
25
0.4 g/L
1 g/kg food
0.25 g/L
1 g/kg mash
100
20
0.1 g/L
10
0.83 g/L
0.5 g/kg seed
10 g/L
75-100
100
22-44
25-50
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
NL
PO
IM
IM-SC
PO
Drink
Drink
Drink
Feed
PO
Feed
PO
Drink
Feed
PO
Feed
NL
PO
Drink
Feed
Drink
Feed
IM
PO
Drink
Drink
Drink
Feed
Drink
IM
IM
IV
PO
ROUTE
QD
BID
Once
q5d-QW
BID
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
BID
NL
QD
BID
QD
BID
BID
NL
QD
QD
QD
q10d
QD
NL
QD
QD
QD
QD
QW
QW
Once
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
G
A
A
A
C
C
G
E
A
A
A
A
A
A
E
A
A
A
E
A
A
A
A
B
A
A
E
E
A
A
1353
1353
379
565
565
704
564
585
1437
111, 703
693
697
749
1639
697
730
628
697
749
1639
1437
1638
1638
762
803
1009
1638
1638
1503
1503
1240
1240
1503
C.I.** REFERENCE
Add tylosin, antimycoplasmal
With grit in diet
Add drug to food at the same time, use for

Add drug to drink at the same time, use for
For babesiosis
Each bird fed 100 g mash

Oviductal infection therapy
For chlamydophilosis, may not maintain
adequate drug plasma levels
For fowl cholera

For chlamydophilosis, may cause toxicosis
Broad spectrum, food for respiratory

infections, treat for 45 days for
chlamydophila
See above
See above
See above
Continue therapy with IM or PO dosage for
severe chlamydophilosis

contraindications)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
269
0.2-0.4 g/L
0.8 g/L
0.8 g/L
55
10-40
30-50
Avian
Avian
Cockatiel
Cockatoo, Goffin
Parrot, Grey
Pigeon
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Crane, Sand Hill
Lory, Chattering
Macaw
Pigeon
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Doxycycline Hyclate
Doxycycline Hyclate
Doxycycline Hyclate
Doxycycline Hyclate
Doxycycline Hyclate
Doxycycline Hyclate
Edetate Calcium
Disodium
Edetate Calcium Disodium
IM-IV
NL
IV
IM
IM
SC
IM
IM
IM
IM-IV
IM-IV
IM-IV
Drink
Drink
Drink
PO
Drink
Feed
IV
IM
PO
IV
IM
PO
PO
ROUTE
BID
BID
BID
BID
BID
BID
BID
BID
BID-TID
BID
QID
BID
QD
QD
QD
BID
QD
QD
NL
QW
QD
Once
NL
BID
BID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
A
A
A
G
A
E
E
E
E
E
B
G
G
1240
1188
1240
590
40
42
1088
1478
111
1470
1221
1150
703
703
703
47
703
565
111
632
632
632
1568
94
1308
C.I.** REFERENCE
Lead and heavy metal poisoning
For lead toxicity
Lead and heavy metal poisoning
Repeat 4 days later for lead poisoning
Give 3 to 4 days per week for lead poisoning
For lead or zinc toxicosis, may use in

conjunction with penicillamine
To reduce liver lead and zinc
For lead poisoning
Antichlamydophilial
Juvenile dosage
Neonate dosage
Neonate dosage
Neonate dosage

contraindications)
10-40
35-50
10-40
30
35
30
35
35
20-40
20-40
0.4 g/L
200-400 mg/kg food
25-50
100
50
20
50
25
2-3.5
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Ratite
Doxycycline
Doxycycline**
Doxycycline
Doxycycline **
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
270
2 g/L NaCl
2 g/L NaCl
0.1-1% solution
5
0.2% solution
10% solution
7.5-15
15
0.5 mg/kg food
10
10-15
10
5-15
30
10 g/L
Avian
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Ratite
Amazon Parrot
Amazon
Amazon, Red Lored
Anseriformes
Aracari, Black-necked
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Budgerigar
Bustard, Houbara
Chicken
Duck, Muscovy
Duck, Pekin
Gull
Hawk, Red-tailed
Hornbill, Great
Lory, Red
Ostrich
Owl, Great-horned
Parrot, Grey
Parrot, Grey
Penguin, Rockhopper
Pheasant
Pheasant, Chinese Ringneck
Pigeon
Enilconazole
Enilconazole
Enilconazole
Enilconazole
Enilconazole
Enilconazole
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
IM
Feed
IM-IV-PO
Drink
Drink
Drink
IM
IV
PO
PO
PO
IM-PO
Drink
Feed
PO
IM-PO
IM
IM-SC
Feed
Drink
PO
IM-PO
IM
Feed
IM
IM-PO
PO
IM-PO-SC
PO
Nebulize
Topical
Nebulize
IT
IT
Topical
Flush
ROUTE
BID
Once
BID
NL
QD
QD
BID
QD
BID
BID
TID
BID
QD
Once
QD
NL
QD
QD
QD
NL
QD
QD-BID
QD
Once
BID
BID
BID
QD-BID
NL
TID-QID
NL
BID
NL
QD
BID
NL
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
A
A
A
B
A
E
A
G
G
G
G
A
A
G
G
G
A
F
F
G
A
A
A
G
D
G
A
E
E
E
G
E
E
E
G
1478
920
790
811
842
854
1357
978
1587
1621
418
173
921
921
1646
678
1296
179
916
916
580
1473
749
858
700
1150, 1358
1367
916
1492
1650
924
1034
1240
1240
1240
1224
C.I.** REFERENCE
Continue therapy orally
Add clindamycin or cephalothin

For salmonellosis
Higher blood levels in neonates
Pulse dose for 4 hours each day

For Pasteurella and coliforms
Add ethambutol + rifampin,

antimycobacterial
Post-trauma infections
For Mycoplasma, Chlamydophila

Add dimethyl sulfoxide, adjunct to parenteral
therapy for air sacculitis
Pre-surgical
For chlamydophila
2.5% concentration
For mycotic dermatosis
Dilute 1:10
For skin mycosis

Dilute 100 mg/ml 1:50 in normal saline

contraindications)
5
0.5 g/L
0.5 g/kg food
9
20
7.5
15
30
30
15-30
10
15
10
10
5
10-20
15
0.25-1 g/kg food

0.05-0.5 g/L
15
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
271
1.5-2.5
0.1
0.1
0.06
0.125 g/L
25
100
200 mg/kg
10-20 g/L
0.102 g/L
0.2 g/kg food
0.125 g/L
100
2.2 g/L
0.25 g/L
10-20
50-100
44-88
10-20
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Ratite
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Chicken
Finch
Finch
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Poultry
Poultry
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Epinephrine
Epoetin Alfa
Ergonovine Maleate
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
BID
QD-BID
QD
BID
BID
QD
NL
NL
BID
QD
QD-BID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
ParenteralPO
Drink
IM
PO
Feed
Nebulize
Drink
Feed
Drink
PO
Drink
Feed
Drink
NL
PO
PO
IM
SC
BID
NL
QD
NL
QD
TD
QD
QD
QD
NL
QD
QD
QD
BID
BID
BID
Once
q2-3d
IO-IP-IT-IV NL
PO-SC
PO
IM-IV-POSC
IM-PO-SC
Drink
PO
NL
PO
Drink
IM
IM-PO
ROUTE
E
E
E
E
E
A
E
E
A
E
C
C
G
E
E
A
A
A
G
A
B
E
E
A
A
1473
111
565
704
704
704
544
1572
1572
1055
704
564
705
585
741
1240
111, 1473, 1650
1151
1473
1308
919
919
1473
585
179
750
632
1240
179
866
C.I.** REFERENCE
For sinusitis
For mycoplasmal sinusitis and air sacculitis
Erythrocin Soluble, 5 g per teaspoon
Soft food
Diluted in 15 ml 0.9% saline solution
Chick dosage
With or without calcium gluconate for egg

binding
For anemia
Neonate dosage, may cause joint defects

Broad spectrum including Pseudomonas,
Klebsiella, Mycoplasma
For Gram negative infections

contraindications)
10-20
10-20
5
5
15
2.5-20
11-17.5
10-20
15
10
5-10
Pigeon
Pigeon
Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
272
10-15
30
30
15
30
30
15-20
20
0.15
0.04-0.07
0.04
1:250 dilution
1:250 Dilution
0.22 ml/kg
0.11 ml/kg
20
5
30
20
Avian
Amazon, Yellow-cheeked
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Crane, Whooping
Psittacine
Raptor
Ostrich
Ostrich
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Raptor
Psittacine
Psittacine
Ostrich
Ostrich
Pigeon
Anseriformes
Estradiol
Ethambutol HCl
Ethambutol HCl
Ethambutol HCl
Ethambutol HCl
Ethambutol HCl
Ethambutol HCl
Ethambutol HCl
Ethambutol HCl
Etorphine
Etorphine
Etorphine
F10
F10
F10
F10
F10
Fatty Acids, Omega
Fatty Acids, Omega
Febantel
Febantel
Febantel
Fenbendazole
PO
NL
PO
PO
PO
PO
Nebulize
Nebulize
Nebulize
Topical
Nebulize
IM
IM
IM
PO
PO
PO
PO
NL
PO
PO
PO
IM
PO
ROUTE
Once
NL
NL
q3w
QD
NL
BID-TID
TID
BID
QD
QD-BID
PRN
PRN
PRN
QD
BID
BID
BID
QD
QD
BID
QD
QW
TID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
C
G
A
B
G
G
B
B
G
E
E
G
D
E
E
1150
283
481
888
1263
1756
742
1465
1268
1302
1197
447
447
447
207
1240
1240
55
713
1470
1473
1650
677
1308
C.I.** REFERENCE
Control nematodes
For ascarids and capillaria
Add aspirin, use < 6:1 ratio omega 6:omega

3, use until renal histology normalizes for
renal disease
Mix 5:1 N-6:N-3 omega fatty acids for
glomerulonephritis or acute pancreatitis
Add omega interferon, prevents secondary

infection
Add itraconazole, 15 to 30 minutes per day
for mild aspergillosis
Nebulize as antifungal, antichlamydophilial

and antibacterial
Daily spray onto feathers for yeast and
supplement to feather picking therapy
Add acepromazine
Add acepromazine
Add acepromazine + xylazine
Add enrofloxacin + rifabutin for

mycobacteriosis
Add rifampin + streptomycin for
mycobacteriosis
Add rifampin
For mycobacteriosis
Add rifampin + isoniazid
Induce molting X 4 weeks

contraindications)
1:125 dilution
1:125 Dilution
1:200 dilution
10
5-10
Ratite
Erythromycin
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
273
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Bird, Aquatic
Bird, Aquatic
Bustard
Bustard, Houbara
Cockatiels
Crane
Crane
Falcon
Finch
Grouse
Gull
Gull
Ostrich
Ostrich
Ostrich
Parakeet, Australian
Partridge
Partridge
Penguin
Pheasant
Pheasant
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fendendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
20
10-25
0.5-0.7
50
25
15
30
15
50
8
12
50
12
8
16
20
20-50
8
7.5
7.5-20
10-12
22
50
100
30
25
N/A
100
50-100
20-100
5-10
25
100
2
20-50
20-50
50
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
QD
QD
QD
QD
q2w
NL
NL
NL
Once
QD
Once
NL
Once
QD
Once
QD
QD
Once
Once
Once
QD
QD
QD
PO
PO
PO
PO
Feed
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
Gavage
Feed
Feed
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
NL
QD
q2w
Once
Once
Once
QD
QD
q2w
QD
q10d
QD
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
NL
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
NL
NL
PO
PO
PO
PO
ROUTE
E
E
C
E
E
B
B
G
E
C
C
E
C
C
C
C
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
E
D
D
D
E
E
E
1240
1572
704
1357
1357
524
526
481
1186
704
704
1478
706
706
704
706
1240
1240
1432
232
260
629
1361
1478
1503
1503
1240
932
57
111, 1473
1221
1221
1470
111
111
1617
C.I.** REFERENCE
For gastrointestinal roundworms

For capillariasis
At 8 weeks of age
For roundworms
For Capillaria
For Syngamus, Heterakis , ascarids
For Trichostrongylus
For capillariasis
For ascaridiasis
With or without resorantel
Add resorantel
Prophylaxis for round worms

May have lethal reaction
Repeat q2w as needed
Repeat in 2 weeks for gapeworms and
capillarids
For Serratospiculum
Repeat in 2 weeks for ascarids
Repeat in 2 weeks for capillariasis

For capillariasis
For liver parasitic disease
For ascarids
For flukes and capillaria
For ascarids, may need 5-day treatment for
capillaria, repeat in 2 weeks,
Avoid during breeding season and molting

contraindications)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
274
20-50
15
100
50
10-50
30-50
25
15
0.2
N/A
7.5-15
N/A
N/A
0.022 ml/kg body wt. Feed
0.1-0.2 ml/kg
125
250
0.24 mg/kg feed
30-60 g/ton feed
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Ratite
Avian
Avian
Avian
Canary
Dove, Duck
Raptor
Raptor
Avian
Hawk
Raptor
Anseriformes
Galliformes
Fentanyl Citrate
Ferric Subsulfate
Fipronil
Fipronil
Fipronil
Fipronil
Fipronil
Flax Seed Oil
Flax Seed Oil
Floxacillin
Floxacillin
Flubendazole
Flubendazole
Feed
Feed
PO
PO
PO
Topical
NL
Topical
QD
QD
BID
NL
NL
QD
Once
Once
Once
Once
Once
PRN
NL
r2w
QD
q2w
QD
q10d
Once
QD
NL
QD
q10d
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
D
C
G
E
G
B
G
G
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
G
1150
704, 706
1110
1463
1682
1033
1359
1729
1568
1729
1729
1473
1341
763
1240
1613
1613
1132
1132
1159
418
590
1208
C.I.** REFERENCE
Control nematodes
For gastrointestinal roundworms, gapeworms
and tapeworms
Mix 1:4 with corn oil prior to dosing for renal

disease
Dilute 1:4 with corn oil
For ectoparasites
For wild injured raptors with ectoparasites
For larger birds

Spray on gloved finger and rub under wings
and on dorsal and ventral surfaces of body
for red mites
For hemorrhage
Some hyperactivity for first 15 to 30 minutes
May medicate feed for 7 days

For ascaridiasis
For capillariasis
For ascaridiasis
For flukes
For nematodes
With or without resorantel
For ascarids or Capillaria, not for use during

molting

contraindications)
7.5-15
Light Spray
NL
Topical
Topical
SC
PO
PO
PO
PO
NL
NL
PO
PO
PO
PO
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
50
15
Pigeon
Pigeon
ROUTE
Fenbendazole
Fenbendazole
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
275
20
30
5-10
5-15
2-5
2-5
5
2-5
250
50-100
Amazon Parrot
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Bird, Aquatic
Bird, Aquatic
Chicken
Penguin, African
Pigeon
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Bird, Aquatic
Hornbill, Great
Penguin, African
Psittacine
Psittacine
Fluconazole
Fluconazole
Fluconazole
Fluconazole
Fluconazole
Fluconazole
Fluconazole
Fluconazole
Fluconazole
Fluconazole
Fluconazole
Fluconazole
Fluconazole
Fluconazole
Fluconazole
Fluconazole
Fluconazole
Flucytosine
Flucytosine
Flucytosine
Flucytosine
Flucytosine
Flucytosine
Flucytosine
Flucytosine
Flucytosine
Flucytosine
Flucytosine
PO
PO
PO
NL
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
Gavage
NL
PO
IV-PO
IV-PO
IV-PO
PO
IV-PO
ROUTE
BID
BID
BID
BID
TID
BID
BID
BID
TID
BID
BID
BID
BID
BID
QD
QD
QD
QD
BID
BID
BID
QD
q2d
QD
q2d
BID
QD
q2d
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
E
G
G
D
D
D
G
G
D
G
E
E
E
E
E
G
D
D
D
D
D
E
1330
626
1492
1503
1503
1587
1353
1330
626
1221
674, 1330
128
56
1446
697
1240
1359
1400
1503
1559
1348
1221
1221
1330
1330
1330
1478
1330
C.I.** REFERENCE
May give long-term

For Aspergillus or Candida prophylaxis, add
amphotericin B or azoles for therapy
Aspergillosis prophylaxis
For aspergillosis adjunct therapy
Add IV and IT amphotericin B for

aspergillosis therapy
Aspergillus prophylaxis
For candidiasis
For Aspergillus or Candida prophylaxis, add
amphotericin B or azoles for therapy
For generalized aspergillosis

For candidiasis
Aspergillosis
Prophylaxis

or avian gastric yeast), toxic to budgerigars
Adult doase
Juvenile dose
For prevention of aspergillosis, may also
nebulize
For ketoconazole-resistant Candida , tissuebased yeasts, eye, cerebral spinal, long-term

Aspergillus
For cryptococcosis
For candidiasis

contraindications)
100-250
50-60
20-50
50-60
100
250
250
75-120
40-50
8
15
100
8
20
5
20
4-6
15
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
276
80-100
50-75
0.05
0.1
0.05
0.04
1
1-10
1-10
2
5
5
1-10
1-10
2-10
1
1
0.4
0.47 mg./kcal
15-20
0.125 g/L
0.4 g/L
15-20
Raptor
Ratite
Swan
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Pigeon
Anseriformes
Anseriformes
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Bustard, Houbara
Duck, Mallard
Duck, Mallard
Pigeon
Psittacine
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Psittacine
Avian
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Flucytosine
Flucytosine
Flucytosine
Flumazenil
Flumazenil
Flumazenil
Flumazenil
Flunixin Meglumine
Flunixin Meglumine
Flunixin Meglumine
Flunixin Meglumine
Flunixin Meglumine
Flunixin Meglumine
Flunixin Meglumine
Flunixin Meglumine
Flunixin Meglumine
Flunixin Meglumine
Fluoxetine HCl
Fluoxetine HCl
Fluoxetine HCl
Furaltadone
Furaltadone
Furaltadone
Furaltadone
Furazolidone +
Furaltadone
PO
PO
PO
Drink
Drink
NL
PO
NL
NL
NL
IM
IM-IV
IM
IM
IM
SC
IM
IM
NL
IV
IM
IV
PO
PO
PO
PO
ROUTE
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
NL
NL
NL
BID
QD
NL
QD
QD
QD
NL
QD
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
BID
BID
BID
BID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
E
E
D
G
A
A
E
E
D
E
E
D
E
E
G
G
G
1061
1180
565
1492, 1650
1240
1477
1446
1186
1594
1339
1490
1432
1240
1400
1503
1190
1150
1533
1481
1533
1644
1503, 1533
1308
86, 697
1330
1178
C.I.** REFERENCE
For salmonellosis
Add tetracycline for trichomoniasis and
hexamitiasis, not for adults feeding young <
10 days old
For behavioral problems such as feather

picking
For feather picking
For behavioral feather picking
Swelling in foot deformity of neonate

Residual physiological effect 12 hours
For frostbite
May cause renal ischemia at higher dosages
For joint lameness

May cause renal ischemia at higher dosages
Reverse midazolam
Add atipamezole to reverse ketamine +

medetomidine + midazolam
Reverse benzodiazepines
Add IT and IV amphotericin B + rifampin

for aspergillosis
For aspergillus or Candida prophylaxis birds
> 500 g, add H1176amphotericin B or azoles
for therapy

contraindications)
1-10
60
120
Raptor
Flucytosine
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
277
0.15
0.165
0.1-0.2
0.5-3
2.2
0.15-2
1.5
1
1.5
1.5
2.2
2% ointment
0.25 mmol/kg
10
5-10
5 g/L
4
5-10
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Pigeon
Pigeon
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Secretary Bird
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bustard
Chicken
Chicken
Furosemide
Furosemide
Furosemide
Furosemide
Furosemide
Furosemide
Furosemide
Furosemide
Furosemide
Furosemide
Furosemide
Furosemide
Furosemide
Furosemide
Furosemide
Fusidate Sodium
Gadopentetate
Dimeglumine
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
IM
IM
Flush
IM
IM
IM
IM
IT
IM
Nebulize
IM
NL
IV
Topical
PO
IM-IV-PO
IM-SC
IM
IM-IV
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM-SC
IM
NL
PO
IM
IM-PO
ROUTE
TID
BID
BID
BID
QD-BID
QD-BID
QD-BID
QD
BID-TID
TID
NL
QD
Once
BID
BID-TID
BID
QD-BID
QID
PRN
TID-QID
PRN
BID
QD-BID
QD-BID
BID
QD-BID
BID
BID
QD-BID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
A
A
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
E
E
G
G
E
715
1056
1183
1434
1492
1650
1240
704
704
741, 924
924
1170
1754
1240
590
590
1240
1240
1359
1400
234
41
1650
111, 1470
1431
1470
1033
1309
1152
C.I.** REFERENCE
For roosters
For resistant organisms

For first 3 days of life to prevent yolk sac
infections after assisted hatch
For sinusitis or airsacculitis

For Pseudomonas , nephrotoxic
Relatively renal toxic particularly if
dehydrated
Nasal or sinus
For head magnetic resonance imaging studies
For mild/early bumblefoot and other skin

lesions, may penetrate intact skin, effective
against Staph aureus
For congestive heart failure with liver disease
Diuretic, lories sensitive

For diuresis, risk of toxicosis especially in
small birds
For ascites and edema, not for lorikeets

contraindications)
1.5
2
5 g/L
2.5
3-5
3-5
5
0.15-2
0.15-2
0.1-0.2
1-2
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
278
Drink
PO
Parenteral
IM
IM
PO
Drink
PO
Drink
Topical
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IT
IM
IM
IM
IM
ROUTE
QD
QD
q3-4d
QD
PRN
NL
QD
TID
QD
NL
BID-QID
TID
QID
BID-QID
TID
BID
TID
TID
TID
QID
BID-QID
BID-TID
QD
QID
TID
QD
BID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
E
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
E
E
A
A
G
A
531, 1308
1240
894
1474
1644
1463
1720
1205
1726
1240
1143
458
847
1143
418
847
714
714
458
847
1143
565
741
458
565, 714
1308
880
C.I.** REFERENCE
For dermatophytosis
Treat chronic egg laying, inject day one, on

day 3 if egg, on day 7 if second egg, use up to
3-6 w
Increase spermiation and early puberty in
ganders
Add midazolam for anesthesia premed
For impaction, may give cloacally
For polyuria/polydipsia
For joint disease
Crush tablet into water for diabetes mellitus
Excellent for crop or skin fold candidiasis in

chicks
May cause visceral gout
Add carbenicillin for pneumonia

contraindications)
30-50
10
Ostrich
Pigeon
0.01
Pigeon
Glycopyrrolate
Griseofulvin
Griseofulvin
< 5 ml/kg
Raptor
Glycerin
0.5 mg TD
0.00125-0.0025 g/L
Cockatiel
Glyburide
Goose
10 drops/kg
Avian
Glucosamine Sulfate
Gonadotropin, Chorionic
0.05 g/L
Cockatoo, Rose-breasted
Glipizide
500-1000 ug/kg
N/A
Macaw, Hyacinth
Gentian Violet
Gonadotropin, Chorionic Avian
10
5
5
10
5
2.5
2.5
2.5
5
10
20
10
5-10
10
2.5
5
3
Chicken
Crane
Duck
Duck, Eagle, Macaw, Owl
Emu
Emu
Hawk, Red-tailed
Owl, Great-horned
Pheasant
Pigeon
Pigeon
Psittacine
Psittacine
Quail
Raptor
Ratite
Turkey
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
Gentamicin Sulfate
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
279
0.1
0.17
1-2
0.2
0.4
N/A
N/A
40-50 U/kg
0.1 ml of 1000U/ml
1.0 ml of 1000U/ml
55
1 ml/kg
1 ml/kg
10-15 ml/kg
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Parrot, Quaker
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Avian
Pigeon
Avian
Avian
Avian
Swan
Avian
Psittacine
Avian
Avian
Haloperidol
Haloperidol
Haloperidol
Haloperidol
Haloperidol
Haloperidol
Haloperidol
Haloperidol
Haloperidol
Haloperidol
Haloperidol
Haloperidol
Haloperidol
Haloperidol
Halothane
Halothane
Heparin Sodium
Heparin Sodium
Heparin Sodium
Heparin Sodium
Hepasan
Hepasan
Hetastarch
Hetastarch
IV
IV
PO
PO
Nebulize
Topical
IV
IV
IH
IH
IM
PO
PO
PO
PO
IM
PO
NL
PO
Drink
Drink
NL
PO
Drink
Feed
Feed
ROUTE
TID
TID
QD
QD
QD
QD
Once
Once
PRN
PRN
q2-3w
BID
QD
BID
BID
q2-3w
QD
NL
BID
QD
QD
NL
BID
QD
QD
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
G
G
G
G
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
D
E
C
E
1151
1650
1035
1722
1705
1705
1707
1151
1617
1432
111
111
1240
1492
111
1431
1431
1477
1492
704
704
1186
1475
704
705
564
C.I.** REFERENCE
For hypoproteinemia
For emergency care, reduce crystalloid fluids
For liver disease

Liver support
Add aminophylline, dexamethasone Na

phosphate, fluids, oxygen for
polytetraflouroethylene gas poison
Add to 6.5 ml saline
Add aloe vera
Emaciated near death
Induction, maintain with 1-1.5%

1.5-3% maintenance
For feather picking
For feather picking and self-mutilation

Control feather picking and mutilation, birds
over 1 kg
Control feather picking and mutilation
For self-mutilation
For birds < 1 kg for feather picking and selfmutilation, most effective in cockatoos
Maintenance dose
For behavioral problems such as feather
picking
Body weight less than 1 kg, gradually increase

dosage to 0.9 mg/kg
For coccidial prophylaxis

Seven day slaughter withdrawal

contraindications)
10-15 ml/kg
0.08
0.15
1-2
0.2-0.4
0.1-0.15
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.4
3 g/ton food
Poultry
Chicken
Halofuginon HBr
Halofuginon HBr
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
280
Hawk, Red-tailed
Hetastarch
10
4 tablets/L
2
2
10 drops/kg
7
7
cream
0.4
2
0.4
0.01-0.1 U TD
Avian
Pigeon
Avian
Psittacine
Avian
Raptor
Raptor
Avian
Chicken
Avian
Avian
Avian
Budgerigar
Budgerigar
Psittacine
Hydrocortisone Sodium
Succinate
Hydroxychloroquine
Sulfate
Hydroxyzine HCl
Hydroxyzine HCl
Hypericum
Imidacloprid
Imidocarb HCl
Imiquimod
Indomethacin
Indomethacin
Indomethacin, Copper
Insulin, NPH
Insulin, NPH
Insulin, NPH
Insulin, NPH
Insulin, NPH
IM
IM
IM
IM
Parenteral
IM
PO
IM
Vent
NL
IT-IV
PO
PO
PO
Drink
IV
SC
Flush
Nebulize
IV
IV
IV
ROUTE
QD
BID
PRN
PRN
NL
NL
NL
QD
q2-3d
q3w
NL
TID
TID
TID
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
q2m
NL
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
E
G
G
E
A
E
G
D
G
G
G
G
1325
1326
58
58, 88
1650
1232
772
1492
1281
1359
1359
1205
1324
1446
590
1470
1103
1719
1719
1719
1587
1626
C.I.** REFERENCE
For diabetes mellitus in birds larger than

budgerigar
For diabetes, monitor blood glucose
For diabetes
Effective for 8-10 hours

For acute/chronic inflammation from
trauma, infection or organ dysfunction
For cloacal papillomatosis, apply to cloacal

surface
For babesiosis
For babesiosis
For feather picking, anxiety
For pruritis
For hypersensitivity-triggered feather picking
Change daily
For lead toxicity and severe infection with

liver disease
Mix with fluids to aid in absorption

Mix into nasal and sinus flushes
Mix into nebulization fluid
For egg yolk stroke
For squamous cell carcinoma
Supportive therapy post-trauma

contraindications)
0.07 U/kg
0.067-3.3 U/kg
0.002 U TD
0.01-0.1 U TD
150 U/L fluids

1.5 KIU/L
1.5 KIU/L
1.5 KIU/L
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
0.3
10 ml/kg
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
Hyaluronidase
Hyaluronidase
Hyaluronidase
Hyaluronidase
Hexyl Pyropheoborbide-a Hornbill, Great
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
281
15 KIU/m
1000 KIU TD
4 drops solution/L
4 drops/L 7% soln
N/A
N/A
700-800
240
0.8-1.2
0.125 g/L
0.250 g/L
0.232 g/L
10
10
10
10
N/A
30
30
15
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Raptor
Avian
Cockatiel
Avian
Avian
Pigeon
Psittacine
Anseriformes
Avian
Psittacine
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Avian
Interferon, Alpha
Interferon, Omega
Interferon, Omega
Iodine, Lugol's
Iodine, Lugol's
Iodophor
Iodophor
Iodophor
Iohexol
Iohexol
Iopamidol
Ipronidazole
Ipronidazole
Ipronidazole
Iron Dextran
Iron Dextran
Iron Dextran
Iron Dextran
Isoflurane
Isoniazid
Isoniazid
Isoniazid
NL
PO
PO
IH
IM
IM
IM
IM
Drink
Drink
PO
IN
PO
IV
Topical
Topical
Topical
Drink
Drink
Parenteral
IM
SC
IM
IM
ROUTE
QD
QD
BID
PRN
QW
QW
QW-q10d
Once
QD
QD
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
PRN
QD
NL
QD-BID
q2d
q2d
QD
PRN
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
D
E
D
G
E
E
E
G
E
E
G
713
1470
1473
1483
1150
62
1240
1400
111, 741
590
111
1270
1623
1182
1400
1240
1151
1612
1186
1268
1465
1470
1180
58
C.I.** REFERENCE
Add ethambutol + rifampin, antibacterial

Add ethambutol + rifampin, antibacterial
Antiparasitic
Maintain 1.5-3%
Hemopoiesis
For iron-deficiency anemia
For hemopoiesis
Change daily
Use 20% concentration, sinus contrast study,

flush with saline when completed
Use 70-80% iodine concentration for

urography
Use 0.5-1% solution for wound debridement

and flushing
For wounds, apply and wash off after 3
minutes, very safe
For wounds, wash off within 5 minutes
Used to keep drinking water uncontaminated
Give 15, 000 Units/m of body surface for

lymphosarcoma
Add F10 for circovirus prevention and
limited effectiveness therapy of 90 days
Add F10 for circovirus therapy

contraindications)
N/A
1000 KIU TD
0.0013 mg/kcal
0.1-0.5 U TD
Avian
Toucan, Toco
Insulin, Regular
Insulin, Zinc Suspension
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
282
5-10
10
6-10
0.2
Raptor
Amazon Parrot
Anseriformes
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Bird, Aquatic
Chicken
Cockatiel
Crane
Crane
Emu
Falcon
Gull
Penguin
Pigeon
Pigeon
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Ratite
Anseriformes
Avian
Isoxuprine HCl
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Itraconazole
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
IM
PO-SC
PO
PO
NL
NL
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
NL
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
NL
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
ROUTE
r10d
Once
QD
BID
BID
QD
BID
BID
QD
QD
QD
BID
BID
BID
BID
QD
BID
QD
QD
BID
QD
QD
BID
BID
QD
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
A
D
E
G
G
E
G
A
A
E
G
A
E
E
E
A
Continue QD for 4 months for

asymptomatic cases of aspergillosis
Add amphotericin B or enilconazole + F10
for mild aspergillosis
Reduce dosage if neurologic signs occur
For respiratory disease, this dosage may be

toxic
For aspergillosis
For cutaneous cryptococcosis or aspergillosis
Aspergillosis therapy long-term
For aspergillosis
Dissolve 100 mg capsule 2 ml HCl + 18 ml

orange juice for candidiasis
Add enrofloxacin + clotrimazole for
aspergillosis
For aspergillosis prophylaxis

For aspergillosis prophylaxis
Add miconazole for epidermal Aspergillus and
Alternaria cysts after surgical removal
Dissolve in 0.1N HCl, dilute with orange

juice to tube feed
Continue once daily for duration of therapy
For wing tip edema

contraindications)
741, 924
1150, 1190, 1240 Control nematodes and nasal or duck leeches
1308
742
1188
1424
1446
1361
16
746
1357
1353
709
709
1189
1330
1473
708
577
1239
1503
1559
1376
1739
16
1359, 1400
C.I.** REFERENCE
0.2
10
5-10
10
5-10
5-10
5-10
10-20
5
10
6
26
10
5-10
10
10
5-10
20
15
10
5-10
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
283
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
20-40
10-20
20-40
2 ml/kg
67 drops/kg
10-20
25
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Ratite
Anseriformes
Avian
Ratite
Psittacine
Raptor
Amazon Parrot
Anseriformes
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Kanamycin Sulfate
Kanamycin Sulfate
Kanamycin Sulfate
Kaolin + Pectin
Kaolin + Pectin
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
IM
IM
IM
NL
IM
IV
IM
NL
PO
PO
IM
IM
IM
NL
Topical
IM-PO
PO
PO
IM-PO
SC
IM
SC
PO-Topical
PO
SC
PO
ParenteralPO
IM-PO-SC
SC
SC
IM
SC
PO
ROUTE
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
BID-QID
TID
BID
BID
BID
q2-4w
NL
Once
NL
NL
QD
NL
NL
q10d
Once
QW
q2w
NL
Once
Once
QW
NL
NL
NL
NL
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
G
C
E
E
D
G
E
G
E
G
D
G
G
G
G
G
E
E
G
G
G
E
G
B
B
E
E
G
G
G
704
704
53
1392
243
1503
243
1403
632
1612
739
565
739
1446
57
234
1409
1308
1645
1559
1240
1309
932
861
629
1308
1427
1585
1438
1478
57
232
260
C.I.** REFERENCE
Add midazolam
Add medetomidine
Add midazolam
Add diazepam, higher dosage for smaller bird
Add xylazine
Add diazepam, supplement at 15 mg/kg
PRN
Add medetomidine + midazolam,
atipamezole + flumazenil reverses, good
anesthesia 30 minutes
Neonate dosage
For diarrhea
For large waterfowl
For microfilaria
For capillariasis
For air sac mites and scaly leg mites

Nematodes and mites
Effective against chandlerellosis
For serratospiculiasis
For capillariasis
For mites
For nematodes
For parasites
Injectable form may be toxic

contraindications)
20
5-10
10-25
5-25
10-30
10
0.4-0.8
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
2-3
1
0.2-0.4
0.4-1
0.3
0.2
0.5-1
Bird, Aquatic
Budgerigar
Budgerigar
Bustard, Houbara
Canary
Crane
Emu
Falcon
Falcon
Passerine
Penguin
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
284
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Bird, Aquatic
Canary
Cassowary
Chicken
Chicken
Cockatiel
Cockatoo, Palm
Duck, Mallard
Duck, Pekin
Emu
Emu
Falcon, Peregrine
Finch
Galliformes
Goose
Goose
Guinea Fowl
Hawk
Hawk
Hawk, Broad-winged
Heron
Ostrich
Ostrich
Owl
Pelican
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Poultry
Psittacine
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
50
30
3-7
2
10
7
20
5
30-40
20
5
5-10
20-50
25
25-30
4-5
100-200
3
20
3
2.2
30
25
5
8.8
10-50
3-8
2.5-5
100-200
2.2
20-100
4-5
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
IM
IM-SC
IM
IM
IM-SC
IM
IM
IM
IV
NL
IV
IM-IV
IM
IM
IM
Parenteral
IM
Parenteral
IV
NL
IV
IV
IM
IM-SC
IM
IM
IM
IV
IM
IV
IM
Parenteral
ROUTE
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
Once
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
B
B
E
G
B
B
B
G
B
B
G
B
E
G
G
G
B
C
E
D
E
E
B
G
E
E
G
E
G
G
4
924
1577
1628
924
595
779
1588
1092
1356
555
1577
1328
553
243
1718
1328
1718
718
1392
1533
1401
243
924
764
53
1503
1503
1328
1533
1328
1718
C.I.** REFERENCE
Sedative
Add medetomidine
Follow with propofol

Add medetomidine, usually moderate to
heavy sedation
Add medetomidine
Sedative
Add xylazine + alphaxalone/alphadolone
Add xylazine
Add xylazine
Add butorphanol + medetomidine,
preanesthetic for isoflurane, improves quality
of anesthesia
Combine with diazepam

preanesthetic for isoflurane
Add medetomidine
Tranquilization
Add xylazine
Add diazepam, supplement at 5 mg/kg IV
PRN

preanesthetic for isoflurane
Add xylazine
Sedative
Add medetomidine + midazolam, 33%
mortality
Add xylazine
Add diazepam
Add medetomidine
Add xylazine

contraindications)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
285
12.5
10
30
12.5
10-30
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Ratite
Ratite
Ratite
Rhea
Spoonbill
Stork
Swan
Swan, Mute
Vulture
Amazon Parrot
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Canary
Canary
Ostrich
Passerine, Small
Passerine, Small
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Feed
Drink
PO
Drink
Feed
PO
PO
Gavage
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
IV
IM
IM
IV
IM-SC
IM
IV
IM
IM
IV
NL
IM
NL
NL
IV
IV
NL
ROUTE
QD
QD
QD
NL
Once
BID
QD
QD
BID
BID
BID
BID
BID
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
D
E
G
E
E
A
E
E
D
E
B
G
D
E
B
E
E
E
B
B
B
E
E
E
G
G
G
G
B
D
1330
695
401
1187
1187
68
704
1240
1743
1503
68
740
1330
1190
568
649
649
924
1176
1577
1577
4
243
1386
1628
1356
1356
1291
1577
1401
C.I.** REFERENCE
Tables crushed and water suspension

For resistant candidiasis, Mucor and
Penicillium
Dissolve 50 mg tablet 0.2 ml HCl + 0.8 ml

water, mix with acid juice, lactulose,
methylcellulose
For systemic yeast
For candidiasis and aspergillosis therapy not
responding to nystatin
Add xylazine
Add xylazine
Add medetomidine, gas anesthesia premed
Add medetomidine
Add medetomidine
Sedative
For laparoscopy
Add medetomidine
Add medetomidine
Add medetomidine
Proceed with xylazine
May add diazepam or xylazine if desired
Add butorphanol + medetomidine
Add medetomidine
Add diazepam, supplement at 5 mg/kg PRN

contraindications)
0.2 g/kg soft food

0.2 g/L
10
1 g/L
0.2 g/kg food
30
3
3
10-30
25
3-7
2.5-7
20
25-35
2-4
3-5
3-7
2-4
3-20
6.6
20
20
4
2-5
10
Psittacine
Psittacine
Ketamine HCl
Ketamine HCl
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
286
60
25
5-10
12.5
1
2
1-4
5
1 mg TD
2
2
0..07 g TD
0.3 ml/kg
200
75
90-120 g/ton
0.75-1
0.1
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Ratite
Swan
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Duck
Pigeon
Psittacine
Quail
Amazon Parrot
Avian
Psittacine
Chicken
Galliformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole
Ketoprofen
Ketoprofen
Ketoprofen
Ketoprofen
Ketoprofen
Ketoprofen
Ketoprofen
Lactulose
Lactulose
Lactulose
Lasalocid
Lasalocid
Leuprolide Acetate
Leuprolide Acetate
Leuprolide Acetate
Leuprolide Acetate
Leuprolide Acetate
Leuprolide Acetate
Leuprolide Acetate
IM
IM
IM
Parenteral
IM
Parenteral
IM
Feed
Feed
PO
PO
PO
IM-SC
IM
PO
IM
IM
IM
IM
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
IM
PO
PO
ROUTE
q2w
q2w
q2w
NL
NL
q2-3w
NL
QD
QD
BID-TID
NL
BID-TID
QD-BID
NL
NL
QD
NL
NL
NL
BID
BID
QD
BID
BID
BID
BID
BID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
G
E
E
E
G
D
B
C
G
E
G
E
E
B
D
D
E
B
E
E
G
D
E
E
994
994
1151
1474
1570
1033
1475
958
705
1309
1492
632
1240
1240
1674
1150
1240, 1533
1167
1339
1240
1359
1309
1330
1132
1240
1240
763
C.I.** REFERENCE
Depot formulation
For feather picking triggering by excessive
behavior
After egg binding
Treat chronic egg laying
Use 30-day depot formulation for egg
chronic egg laying
For birds 300 g or less
For birds more than 300 g

For hepatic encephalopathy

For liver disease
Neonate dosage
Effective 30 to 70 minutes, given during

isoflurane anesthesia
Pain relief, arthritis, antiinflammatory
"
For pain relief or arthritis
Dissolve 50 mg tablet 0.2 ml HCl + 0.8 ml

water, mix with acid juice, lactulose,
methylcellulose

Penicillium
"

Penicillium
For candidiasis or adjunct for aspergillosis

therapy, disguise taste in food

contraindications)
0.75
0.5
0.5-1
0.1-0.14
0.052-0.156
15
25
10
25
Psittacine
Ketoconazole
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
287
25-50
2
2
10-20
8
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Crane
Crane
Finch
Galliformes
Galliformes
Magpie
Ostrich
Parakeet, Australian
Pheasant
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Poultry
Psittacine
Psittacine
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
PO
PO
SC
PO
Gavage
SC
IM
Drink
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO-SC
IM
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO-SC
IM-SC
Drink
SC
PO
IM-SC
PO
IM-SC
IM
IM
IM
ROUTE
Once
Once
NL
NL
q10d
NL
QD
QD
Once
Once
Once
Once
Once
NL
r2w
QD
NL
q2w
NL
q2w
q2w
q2w
QD
Once
QD
q2w
q2w
r10d
q2w
QD
q2-3w
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
G
B
G
G
E
E
E
E
G
G
G
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
D
D
E
E
E
G
D
E
1503
1526
1609
526
1309
678
704
704
1503
1526
232
260
1332
111
763
1240
1650
1361
1492
1361
1434
1473
1479
1150, 1190
1470
111
704
741
1278
1446
1359
C.I.** REFERENCE
Emesis common
Loft treatment for capillariasis and ascariasis,
follow up with parenteral therapy
Repeat in 2 weeks if needed
Add resorantel
For intestinal nematodes, use injectable
Histomoniasis therapy
For roundworms, cecal worms and hair

worms
For most worms
Chick dosage for intestinal strongyles, acarids
and capillarids
For intestinal strongyles, ascarids and
capillarids
For most worms except tapeworm,
particularly effective on acuaria in Australian
finch
Not for debilitated birds or lories, use

13.65% injectable
Control nematodes
Induce molt
For sexually-triggered feather picking
For cystic ovaries

contraindications)
40
40
30
30
15
25
15
0.18 g/L
40
40
10-20
40
18-36
1.25-2.5
20
20-50
40-50
40
40-50
25
10-20
5
0.8 g/L
0.75
0.1
0.25
Avian
Psittacine
Raptor
Leuprolide Acetate
Leuprolide Acetate
Leuprolide Acetate
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
288
30
20 ug/kg
1
20-100 ug/kg
20 ug/kg
0.0008-0.0025 g/L
0.02-0.04
0.02
0.004-0.008 g/L
0.003 g/L
0.020-0.1
1
2-3
2
10
75
50
0.2 g/L
100
50
25-50
35-50
2.2 mg/kg food
0.017 g/L
Ratite
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Budgerigar
Budgerigar
Psittacine
Raptor
Avian
Raptor
Raptor
Amazon Parrot
Avian
Avian
Avian
Hawk
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Poultry
Levamisole HCl
Levothyroxine Sodium
Lidocaine
Lidocaine
Lidocaine
Lincomycin HCl
Lincomycin HCl
Lincomycin HCl
Lincomycin HCl
Lincomycin HCl
Lincomycin HCl
Lincomycin HCl
Lincomycin HCl
Lincomycin HCl
PO
PO
Drink
IM
PO
IM
PO
Feed
Drink
SC
SC
SC
PO
PO
PO
IM-PO
PO
PO
Drink
PO
PO
Drink
Drink
IM-PO
IM-SC
SC
SC
PO-SC
PO-SC
SC
IM-PO
ROUTE
BID
BID
QD
BID
BID
NL
QD
QD
QD
NL
NL
NL
BID
QD
QD-BID
NL
BID
QD-BID
QD
QD
QD-BID
QD
QD
q3m
q10d
NL
NL
QD
NL
q4-6d
QM
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
E
G
G
G
C
C
B
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
D
G
E
G
G
E
E
D
G
111, 1431
1234
1431
1431
1110
260
590
564
564
1463
1346
1400
1240
1160
111
924
1431
1473
1492
58
88
1446
1309
1308
1240
678
678
1400
1463
1612
1308
C.I.** REFERENCE
For bumblefoot
For infected foot lesions
For infected foot lesions
Therapy prior to tendon surgical repair
Local infiltration
Dilute to 0.4%, infuse locally, use with
caution in small birds
Dilute to 0.2% for large bird local analgesia
For lipomatous growth and xanthomas

For hypothyroidism, stir water and offer for
15 minutes, repeat daily
For hypothyroidism
To induce molting
For goiter and hypothyroidism
For severe feather disorders and lipomas

Monitor levels to avoid thyrotoxicosis
Immunostimulant, low therapeutic index

Histomoniasis therapy
Anthelmintic
Narrow therapeutic margin
Anthelmintic
Immune stimulant
Begin at 1 month of age, juvenile dose for
Libyastrongylus douglassi
Adult dose for Libyastrongylus douglassi

contraindications)
2-5
25
20
10-20
15
2
30
Psittacine
Quail
Quail
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Ratite
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
Levamisole HCl
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
289
110
50
50
30
50
6-25
0.01-50
7.5
5
500-1000
Raptor
Avian
Chicken
Falcon
Pigeon
Avian
Poultry
Avian
Chicken
Anseriformes
Bird, Aquatic
Budgerigar
Canary
Chicken
Crow, Eastern
Eagle, Golden
Gull (Herring, laughing)
Hawk, Marsh
Ostrich
Pigeon
Raptor
Lincomycin HCl
Lincomycin HCl +
Spectinomycin HCl
Lincomycin HCl +
Spectinomycin HCl
Lincomycin HCl +
Spectinomycin HCl
Lincomycin HCl +
Spectinomycin HCl
Lithium Carbonate
LL-E19020
Maduramicin
Maduramicin
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate
PO
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
PO
IM
PO
IM
PO
PO
Feed
Feed
NL
PO
IM
PO
PO
PO
IM
ROUTE
QD
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
NL
PRN
NL
PRN
QD
QD
QD
QD
BID
QD
TID
QD
QD
QD
BID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
B
B
B
B
B
B
G
B
E
B
E
B
1400
1084
1084
1084
1086
1084
1086
401
1084
1503
1084
1240
1650
958
564
1477
1061
1027
1065
565
741
1240
C.I.** REFERENCE
For oral heavy metal poisoning
Add chloral hydrate + pentobarbital sodium,

reduce dose 15 to 20% in debilitated birds
See above
See above
See above
See above
See above
See above
Precipitates lead and cathartic

Add chloral hydrate + pentobarbital sodium,
Increase gut motility and aid passage of lead
For Plasmodium
Improves feed efficiency
For avian behavior problems, mood stabilizer

and antipsychotic, no longer used in birds
Broad spectrum for mycoplasma and

salmonella
For skin disease
For Gram positive bumblefoot, dermatitis

and mycoplasmal respiratory infection.

contraindications)
250-1000
53
53
53
40.3
53
32.4
1.25-30 ml TD
53
500-1000
53
100
Psittacine
Lincomycin HCl
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
290
1 g/L
5% mixture
0.5
2
10
2
10
15-20
5-15
25
10
0.06 g/kg food
5-6
25
25
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2
Avian
Avian
Raptor
Avian
Buzzard, Common
Buzzard, Common
Chicken
Raptor
Raptor
Anseriformes
Avian
Canary
Fowl, Domestic
Pigeon
Psittacine
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Amazon, Yellow-crowned
Anseriformes
Anseriformes
Anseriformes
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Bird, Aquatic
Malathion
Malathion
Malathion
Mannitol
Marbofloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Mebendazole
Mebendazole
Mebendazole
Mebendazole
Mebendazole
Mebendazole
Mebendazole
Meclofenamic Acid
Meclofenamic Acid
Meclofenamic Acid
Meclofenamic Acid
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
IM
IV
IM
IV
IM
Parenteral
IM
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
Feed
PO
PO
PO
IV
PO
PO
IM-PO
IM-PO
IV
Topical
Dip
Topical
PO
ROUTE
NL
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
BID
QD
QD
BID
BID
BID
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
q10d
NL
NL
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
E
E
D
E
G
D
G
E
E
D
E
G
E
G
E
E
A
A
A
E
G
704, 1320
1503
1503
1503
1231
1718
1629
1533
201, 1320
1573
1503
1,150,111
1492, 1650
57
1051
260
111, 1473
111
778, 1428
979
765
1433
1068
111
1411
1479
1479
1240
C.I.** REFERENCE
Add ketamine, reverse with atipamezole

Sedation produced not reliable, reverse with

atipamezole
Add ketamine + midazolam
Add ketamine
Add butorphanol + ketamine, preanesthetic
for isoflurane
Control Syngamus
For all intestinal worms
Avoid during breeding season
For sinusitis
Give slowly
Remove birds and treat environment for flea,

lice, mange and mite treatment and aid in tick
control
For flea, lice, mange and mite treatment and
aid in tick control
For chewing lice
Increase gut motility and aid passage of lead

contraindications)
0.1
0.025-0.075
0.05-0.1
0.05
0.6-0.85
0.06
1 g/L
500-1000
Raptor
Magnesium Sulfate
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
291
Pigeon
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Ratite
Rhea
Swan
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
0.025-0.075
0.05-0.1
0.15-0.35
0.2
0.05-0.15
0.73
0.15
0.2
0.075-0.15
0.05-0.1
0.06-0.085
0.1-0.3
0.1-0.2
0.06-0.08
0.08
0.1
0..08
IV
IM
IM
NL
IM
IM
IV
IM
IM
IV
IM
IM
IM-IV
Parenteral
IM
IM
IM
IM
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
NL
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
B
B
E
E
E
G
G
B
B
B
E
E
B
G
B
E
B
B
E
G
1577
1577
1240
1433
4
1628
1291
1588
1577
1577
1240
1400
1577
1718
1628
1573
1588
764
1229
1573
1718
C.I.** REFERENCE
Add ketamine
Add butorphanol + ketamine
Add ketamine
Sedation
Add ketamine, usually moderate to heavy
sedation
Variable light sedation
Add ketamine
Add ketamine
Add ketamine
Can be reversed, combined with ketamine for
anesthesia
Add ketamine
Add ketamine
Add ketamine
Add ketamine
Add butorphanol + ketamine
Add ketamine, gas anesthesia premed
For restraint of captive birds

Sedation
Add butorphanol + ketamine, preanesthetic
for isoflurane
Add ketamine + midazolam, 33% mortality

contraindications)
40
50
30
5-25
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
IM-SC
IM-SC
IM-SC
IM-SC
IM-SC
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
111
111
111
111
111
For 300 to 700 g bird
For <150 g bird
For 150 to 300 g bird
25
Avian
For 700 g bird
Goose
Hawk
Ostrich
Ostrich
Pigeon
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
0.44
IM
IM
Parenteral
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
Medroxyprogesterone
Acetate
Medroxyprogesterone
Acetate
Medroxyprogesterone
Acetate
Medroxyprogesterone
Acetate
Medroxyprogesterone
Acetate
Duck, Mallard
Medetomidine HCl
0.26-0.31
0.1
0.06-0.08
ROUTE
Lower dose for larger birds. Side effects:

lethargy, inappetance, polydipsia, fatty liver
Chicken
Chicken
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
Medetomidine HCl
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
Medroxyprogesterone
Acetate
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
292
2-10
25-50
30
2.5
0.2 g/L
0.2 g/kg food
0.1
0.1-0.2
0.1 - 1.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.1-0.2
0.1
3-5
3-5
100 mg/L water
50
5-10
5 g/L bait
5-10
5-10
4-8
Avian
Psittacine
Passerine
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Crane
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Chicken
Dove
Duck
Goose
Poultry
Mefloquine HCl
Megestrol Acetate
Megestrol Acetate
Megestrol Acetate
Meloxicam
Meloxicam
Meloxicam
Meloxicam
Meloxicam
Meloxicam
Meloxicam
Meloxicam
Meloxicam
Meperidine HCl
Meperidine HCl
Metformin (glucophage)
Methocarbamol
Methohexital Sodium
Methohexital Sodium
Methohexital Sodium
Methohexital Sodium
Methohexital Sodium
IV
Feed
IV
IV
IV
IV
Drink
NL
NL
IM-PO
IM-PO
IM
PO
NL
PO
PO
PO
IM-PO
Drink
Feed
NL
PO
IM-SC
PO-SC
IM-SC
ROUTE
PRN
Once
PRN
PRN
PRN
NL
QD
QID
NL
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
BID
QD
NL
Once
QD
PRN
q4-6w
QW
NL
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
E
E
G
G
G
E
G
E
G
G
For arthritis and other painful conditions
Long course well tolerated
Long course well tolerated
Then continue q3-4d for feather picking with

hormonal etiology
For self-mutilation
For self-mutilation
Give BID on day 1, give daily on days 2 and

3 and once per week
Repeat after 4 months for ovulation

suppression
Lower dose for larger birds. Side effects:
lethargy, inappetance, polydipsia, fatty liver
For persistent egg laying

contraindications)
497
1763
498
498
496
201
Corn is usual bait
T. Lightfoot, 2005 Hyperglycemia
1481
1483, 1484
1359, 1433
1167, 1431
1431
1341
1484
1671, 1675
1431
1341
1400
1609
1609
1431
1438
1240
924
704
C.I.** REFERENCE
5-10
Avian
Medroxyprogesterone
Acetate
Medroxyprogesterone
Acetate
Medroxyprogesterone
Acetate
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
293
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5-2
10
17
15.2
9.6
14.4-16
15-20
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Hawk, Red-tailed
Lorikeet, Rainbow
Macaw
Ostrich
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Avian
Duck, Mallard
Eagle, African Hawk
Eagle, Tawny
Hawk, African Harrier
Ostrich
Owl, Barn
Raptor
Raptor
Turkey
Metoclopramide HCl
Metoclopramide HCl
Metoclopramide HCl
Metoclopramide HCl
Metoclopramide HCl
Metoclopramide HCl
Metoclopramide HCl
Metoclopramide HCl
Metoclopramide HCl
Metoclopramide HCl
Metoclopramide HCl
Metomidate HCl
Metomidate HCl
Metomidate HCl
Metomidate HCl
Metomidate HCl
Metomidate HCl
Metomidate HCl
Metomidate HCl
Metomidate HCl
Metomidate HCl
IM
IM
IM
Feed
IM
PO
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM-IV-PO
NL
IM-SC
IM-IV-PO
Parenteral
IM
SC
IM-PO
IV
IM-IV-PO
IM
IM-IV
PRN
PRN
PRN
Once
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
TID
BID
q4-6h
NL
NL
NL
BID
NL
NL
NL
BID-TID
NL
QW
NL
NL
NL
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
E
E
E
E
B
G
G
G
G
E
G
E
E
E
G
G
E
G
E
E
1611
1463
1463
1386
1130
1095
1611
1611
1611
481
1240
1263
1359
1473
1650
1626
1620
1151
1255
111
1151
1554
1463
1503
1533
1068
C.I.** REFERENCE
Smaller dosages for vultures

For sedation
Safer than chloralose
With or without azaperone for captive animal
Antiemetic and for gut stasis

For ileus
For gastrointestinal stasis
Increase gastric motility

For vomiting
To improve motility- Use low dose
Add psyllium for proventricular obstruction
To improve motility, this dosage not for

macaws
For shock
Add permethrin + piperonyl butoxide for

ectoparasites

contraindications)
10.2
10
5
17 g/L whole corn
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.5-1
Avian
Methylprednisolone Acetate Raptor
Methylprednisolone
Sodium Succinate
IA-IM
0.5-1
IM
IA-IM
Topical
0.5-1
0.02 g/L
Raptor
Methoprene
ROUTE
Methylprednisolone
Avian
Acetate
Methylprednisolone Acetate Bird, Aquatic
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
294
25
25-50
0.2 g/L
50
5
10-30
10
50
20
10-30
10
0.1 g/kg food
30
50
1.25 g/L
0.1 g/L
0.1 g/kg soft food
200
200-250
20
110
10-30
25
30-50
50
100
50
10-40
100
30-65
20-25
42
2 mg
20
10-20
20
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Canary
Chicken
Falcon
Ostrich
Passerine
Passerine
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Poultry
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Ratite
Amazon, Red Lored

Avian
Avian
Avian
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Miconazole Nitrate
Miconazole Nitrate
Miconazole Nitrate
Miconazole Nitrate
Nebulize
IV
IM
IM
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
Drink
PO
IM
PO
IM
PO
PO-SC
PO
IM
Feed
PO
PO
Drink
Drink
Feed
PO
PO
Drink
PO
PO
PO
PO
ROUTE
QD
TID
QD
NL
QD
NL
QD
QD
QD
QD
BID
BID
BID
QD
NL
NL
BID
BID
QD
QD
QD
BID
QD
Once
BID
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
BID
BID
BID
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
D
E
E
E
E
G
G
G
G
G
G
D
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
C
D
D
E
A
E
E
E
E
E
G
C
G
E
E
E
700
1330
565
924
1400, 1433
1463
61, 234
94
1068
1409
1308
1645
1221
704, 924
1180
1434
1434
1650
1650
55
705
1470
1470
1187
795
1027
627
1437
1437
704
260
705
585
111, 1473
763
1359
C.I.** REFERENCE
For candidiasis, Aspergillus, Mucor and

Penicillium
Add acetylcysteine
For trichomoniasis
For anaerobic infections
Add amikacin + enrofloxacin
Juvenile dosage
For trichomoniasis, may increase dosage to

100 mg/kg
For trichomoniasis
For trichomoniasis
For trichomoniasis
Antihistomoniasis
Add drug to food at the same time
Add drug to drink at the same time
For trichomoniasis

For clostridiosis

contraindications)
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
295
cream
20
10
2
1-2
1-2
1
1-2
4
0.2
0.1-1
2
2
2 drops mixture TD
5 ml/kg
5.5 g/kg seed
Falcon
Psittacine
Raptor
Anseriformes
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Duck, Mallard
Emu
Ostrich
Pigeon
Pigeon
Psittacine
Raptor
Swan
Turkey
Galliformes
Galliformes
Amazon Parrot
Avian
Budgerigar
Miconazole Nitrate
Miconazole Nitrate
Miconazole Nitrate
Midazolam HCl
Midazolam HCl
Midazolam HCl
Midazolam HCl
Midazolam HCl
Midazolam HCl
Midazolam HCl
Midazolam HCl
Midazolam HCl
Midazolam HCl
Midazolam HCl
Midazolam HCl
Midazolam HCl
Midazolam HCl
Midazolam HCl
Midazolam HCl
Midazolam HCl
Milbemycin Oxime
Milbemycin Oxime
Milk Thistle
Mineral Oil
Minocycline HCl
Feed
Gavage
PO
PO
PO
NL
IM-SC
IM-IV
NL
IM
IM
IV
IV
IM
IM
IV
IV
IM-IV
IM
IM-IV
IM
IM
Topical
IM-IV
IM-IV
IV
ROUTE
QD
Once
BID
QM
NL
PRN
PRN
TID
PRN
PRN
Once
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
NL
NL
NL
PRN
PRN
BID
QD
QD
NL
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
B
E
E
E
G
G
G
G
G
B
D
E
E
G
G
E
E
G
E
E
731
1309, 1554
1488
588
1492, 1650
1291
1240
1240, 1400
1291
1644
1468
418
418
1644
1588
1503, 1533
1503
1573
201
1320
704
1181, 1231
1589
704
704
924
C.I.** REFERENCE
Hulled medicated millet,
To flush GI - laxative
Mixture is 5 drops extract per 7.5 ml

lactulose, useful for treating birds on all seed
diet
For Heterakis, Capillaria and ascarids
"
Anesthesia premed
Add medetomidine, usually moderate to
heavy sedation
Add glycopyrrolate for anesthesia premed,
reverse with flumazenil
Use in combination with ketamine
Control seizures
May add butorphanol, premed for gas
anesthesia, lower dosage if add butorphanol
Use with an analgesic for pain control

Add ketamine
Add ketamine, smooth induction and
recovery
Pre-gas anesthesia
Add ketamine + medetomidine

"
"
For candidiasis, Aspergillus, Mucor and

Penicillium

contraindications)
0.2
0.5-1
0.1-1
4
0.4
0.15
1
0.5
40
Avian
Miconazole Nitrate
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
296
0.1 g/kg
0.1 g/kg
100
100-120 g/ton
0.099 g/kg food
0.099 g/kg food
1-1.2 g/kg feed
1-1.2 g/kg food
90-100 g/ton
2.5-3
0.2-0.8
0.2
1
2
0.2
0.25 mg TD
0.2
0.2
0.2
10 drops/kg
0.05 ml TD
1-2
0.05-0.25
0.05-0.25
0.05-0.067
1.5
300 mg TD
Poultry
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Crane
Galliformes
Pigeon
Pigeon
Turkey
Galliformes
Avian
Cardinal, Red-crested
Falcon
Finch
Penguin
Pigeon
Psittacine
Raptor
Sparrowhawk
Avian
Crane, Whooping
Guinea Fowl
Avian
Psittacine
Ratite
Avian
Ostrich
Miporamicin
Monensin Sodium
Monensin Sodium
Monensin Sodium
Monensin Sodium
Monensin Sodium
Monensin Sodium
Monensin Sodium
Monensin Sodium
Morphine Sulfate
Moxidectin
Moxidectin
Moxidectin
Moxidectin
Moxidectin
Moxidectin
Moxidectin
Moxidectin
Moxidectin
Mullein
Mycobacterium Vaccae
Vaccine
Nalbuphine HCl
Naloxone HCl
Naloxone HCl
Naloxone HCl
Naltrexone HCl
Naltrexone HCl
Drink
IV
IM-IV
IM-IV
NL
IM
ID
PO
PO
PO
PO
Gavage
PO
SC
NL
PO
PO
IM-SC
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
PO
ROUTE
NL
PRN
PRN
NL
PRN
q3h
q2m
TID
NL
NL
NL
Once
QD
NL
Once
NL
QW
NL
QD
QD
QD
Once
QD
Once
QD
QD
QD
BID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
B
E
G
G
E
E
D
D
E
G
D
G
G
B
B
C
E
E
E
E
C
704
521
1573
1320
418
252
207
1205
1479
1478
1479
1479
1359
1585
1221
1585
1068
111, 1473
869
958
705
111
1473
1492
1650
705
564
1179
C.I.** REFERENCE
Behavior modification, feather picking

Reverse carfentanil
Use slow IV
Respiratory, wound support
For capillariasis
For capillariasis
For Serratospiculum , Capillaria , Physlaoptera and
Acanthocephalae
For lice, mites and nematodes
For nematodes
For capillariasis
For nematodiasis
For coccidiosis
For coccidia
For coccidiosis
Preventive for coccidiosis

For coccidiosis
Add levamisole + Staphylococcus toxoid for

bumblefoot

contraindications)
Hawk, Red-shouldered
Minocycline HCl
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
297
0.4
0.4
70
60-80 mg/kg food
1.25 g/L
10
20
11
.077-.154 g/kg food
.077-.154 g/kg food
11
0.2 g/kg soft food
0.2 g/L
0.035-0.08 g/L
38.5-154 mg/kg food
11
15
0.035-0.08 g/L
0.35 g/L
20
20-50 mg/kg food
50
150-250
5 g/kg food
250
200
500
100
50
103-160
Psittacine
Raptor
Chicken
Chicken
Avian
Avian
Avian
Chicken
Chicken
Duck
Duck
Passerine
Passerine
Poultry
Poultry
Poultry
Raptor
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Raptor
Chicken
Avian
Avian
Avian
Crane
Falcon
Finch
Ostrich
Ostrich
Pelican, Brown
Nandrolone
Nandrolone
Narasin
Narasin
Neomycin Sulfate
Neomycin Sulfate
Neomycin Sulfate
Neomycin Sulfate
Neomycin Sulfate
Neomycin Sulfate
Neomycin Sulfate
Neomycin Sulfate
Neomycin Sulfate
Neomycin Sulfate
Neomycin Sulfate
Neomycin Sulfate
Neomycin Sulfate
Netobimin
Netobimin
Netobimin
Nicarbazin
Niclosamide
Niclosamide
Niclosamide
Niclosamide
Niclosamide
Niclosamide
Niclosamide
Niclosamide
Niclosamide
PO
PO
Feed
NL
PO
Feed
PO
PO
PO
Feed
Drink
Drink
PO
Drink
PO
PO
Drink
Feed
Feed
Drink
Feed
Drink
Drink
Feed
PO
PO
Feed
Feed
IM-SC
IM-SC
PO
ROUTE
q2w
NL
QD
q2w
Once
QW
q6w
NL
Once
QD
QD
QD
QD
NL
QD
NL
BID
QD
QD
BID
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
NL
QD
QD
q3w
q3w
BID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
G
G
G
E
E
G
G
B
E
E
B
E
E
E
C
C
C
G
E
E
C
C
C
E
B
E
111
57
57
596
1027
111
401
481
1089
564
1492
1503
1568
111
565
924
1307
1307
1307
1307
1437
1437
564
564
564
1463
958
564
1240
1240
1240
C.I.** REFERENCE
For tapeworms
Add narasin, 5-day slaughter withdrawal,

prophylactic
For tapeworms, ascarids and Heterakis
Gram negative, poor absorption

For bacterial enteritis
Prophylactic

Add nicarbazin, 5-day slaughter withdrawal,
prophylactic
For chronic and debilitating disease, may

cause liver disease
"
Prevent self-mutilation

contraindications)
1.5
Psittacine
Naltrexone HCl
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
298
77 mg/kg food
75 mg/kg food
50 g/ton
40
1.25 ml/L
55 mg/kg food
0.625 cc/L
55 mg/kg food
1.25 cc/L
250 mg/kg food
24
2 drops/kg
10
8
20-40
10
30
8
10
10
0.016 g/L
5-10 mg/kg
385 mg/kg food
Poultry
Turkey
Turkey
Raptor
Avian
Chicken
Lorikeet
Poultry
Psittacine
Chicken
Galliformes
Avian
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Goose
Ostrich
Poultry
Turkey
Turkey
Psittacine
Chicken
Anseriformes
Nifursol
Nifursol
Nifursol
Nithiamide
Nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone
Nitromide
Nitroxinil
Nordihydroquaiaretic
Norfloxacin
Norfloxacin
Norfloxacin
Norfloxacin
Norfloxacin
Norfloxacin
Norfloxacin
Norfloxacin
Nortriptyline HCl
Nosiheptide
Novobiocin Sodium
Feed
Feed
Drink
PO
PO
Drink
PO
Drink
PO
PO
SC
PO
Drink
Feed
Drink
Feed
Drink
Feed
Drink
PO
Feed
Feed
Feed
PO
PO
PO
ROUTE
Once
QD
NL
BID
QD
NL
BID
QD
QD
QID
QD
BID
QD
QD
QD
QD
NL
QD
NL
NL
QD
QD
QD
NL
Once
NL
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
A
A
A
A
G
G
A
A
E
E
E
C
E
C
E
G
D
E
597
564
111
789
830
840
789
562
564
789
1020
1205
706
564
741
564
111
564
111
1463
705
564
564
57
1612
1068
C.I.** REFERENCE
Improves feed efficiency
Control feather picking
For Hemophilus paragallinarum infection.
Use with caution in egg layers or w/ hepatic

disease
For gapeworms
Add sulfanitran + roxarsone, 5-day slaughter

withdrawal
Dosage based on 9.2% powder
For coccidial infections

Dosage based on 9.2% powder
For trichomoniasis
For histomoniasis
Prophylactic
Nutritional use, 5-day slaughter withdrawal
For cestodiasis
For cestodes

contraindications)
75
156
125
Pigeon
Raptor
Raptor
Niclosamide
Niclosamide
Niclosamide
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
299
300 KIU/kg
200 KIU/kg
0.05 g/kg food
300 KIU/kg
200-300 KIU/kg
100 KIU/L
333 KIU/kg
100 KIU/ml
25 KIU/L Nectar
2500 KIU/kg food
12.5 KIU/kg
0.24 g/kg feed
20-50 KIU/kg
100 KIU/L
20-100 KIU
100-150 KIU/kg
110 mg/kg food
300 KIU/kg
333 KIU/kg
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Finch
Hummingbird
Hummingbird
Ostrich
Ostrich
Ostrich
Ostrich
Passerine
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Ratite
Ratite
Turkey
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
Nystatin
0.58 mg/kcal
25
50
0.2 g/kg food
Avian
Pigeon
Pigeon
Chicken
Oleandomycin Phosphate
Ormetoprim +
Sulfadimethoxine
Feed
IM
IM
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
Feed
PO
Feed
PO
PO
PO
Drink
PO
Topical
Drink
Feed
PO
Feed
PO
Drink
PO
PO
Feed
PO-Topical
PO
Feed
ROUTE
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
TID
BID
BID
NL
TID
QD
BID
QD
NL
BID
BID
QD
QD
q4-6h
QD
Once
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
BID
QD
BID-TID
TID
Once
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
D
E
E
G
G
C
D
E
E
E
G
G
E
G
G
G
G
G
G
D
E
G
C
D
E
564
1180
565
565
1180
1612
1132
1188
418
594
1307
1150
704
924
1221
1373
1744
1572
599
599
283
401
1254
1254
1330
704
590
564
1330
763
984
C.I.** REFERENCE
Half dosage is prophylactic

Upper GI candidiasis
For candidiasis, use lesser dosage to diet for
neonates on antibiotic therapy
Add to food also, upper GI Candidiasis
For candidiasis
For candidiasis
Soft food
For candidiasis
For candidiasis
For candidiasis
For candidiasis
For candidiasis
For mouth lesions
Prophylaxis for Pasteurella multocida in

ducklings.

contraindications)
1.17 mg/kcal
Oleandomycin Phosphate Avian
100 KIU/kg
1 KIU/kg
20 KIU/kg
300 KIU/kg
100 KIU TD
0.055-0.11 g/kg food
0.3 g/kg food
Duck, Pekin
Novobiocin Sodium
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
300
0.22 g/kg
0.2-0.8 g/kg food
0.3-0.5 g/L
0.44 g/kg
0.1 g/kg food
100
10
40
4
10-40
10
22-58
2.5 g/L
50 mg TD
5000 mg/kg
50-100
50
100
100
2 g/L
2.5 g/L
10
16
Duck
Duck
Poultry
Turkey
Turkey
Psittacine
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Ostrich
Pigeon
Raptor
Amazon Parrot
Anseriformes
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Budgerigar
Chicken
Ostrich
Owl
Oxacillin Sodium
Oxfendazole
Oxfendazole
Oxfendazole
Oxfendazole
Oxfendazole
Oxfendazole
Oxfendazole
Oxfendazole
Oxfendazole
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
IM
Drink
PO
Feed
IM
IM
PO
SC
Nebulize
Drink
IM
IM
PO
PO
PO
Drink
PO
Drink
NL
PO
PO
PO
Feed
Feed
Drink
Feed
Feed
Feed
ROUTE
QD-BID
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD-BID
QD-BID
QD
q4-6h
NL
QD
QD
Once
QW
QD
QD
q3w
QD
q2w
QD
QD
TID
QD
Once
QD
Once
Once
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
A
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
A
A
G
A
G
G
E
E
G
D
D
D
266
1240
1240
704
1431
1492
1492
1503
876
802
401
55
590
1068
1650
1650
401
1479
1221
1470
1479
1446
564
846
585
860
825
1361
C.I.** REFERENCE
For respiratory infections

For respiratory disease
Add oxytetracycline feed also
Add citric acid, therapeutic dosage
For capillariasis
For most intestinal worms including
tapeworms
For most intestinal worms including
tapeworms
For most intestinal worms
For most intestinal worms
Begin at age 4 months, alternate therapeutic
agent
For staphylococcal dermatitis
Prophylaxis for Pasteurella multocida
For riemerellosis and colibacillosis
For Pasteurella multocida in ducklings
For coccidiosis

contraindications)
10
0.1-0.2 g/L
5
0.1-0.2 g/L
0.41 g/kg food
Crane
Ormetoprim +
Sulfadimethoxine
Ormetoprim +
Sulfadimethoxine
Ormetoprim +
Sulfadimethoxine
Ormetoprim +
Sulfadimethoxine
Ormetoprim +
Sulfadimethoxine
Ormetoprim +
Sulfadimethoxine
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
301
200
50
50
50-100
50-75
20
50-100
50-200
150
Oxytetracycline Amphoteric Anseriformes
Oxytetracycline Amphoteric Avian
Oxytetracycline Amphoteric Bird, Aquatic
Oxytetracycline Amphoteric Cockatoo, Goffin
Oxytetracycline Amphoteric Macaw, Blue and Gold
Oxytetracycline Amphoteric Ostrich
Oxytetracycline Amphoteric Psittacine
Oxytetracycline Amphoteric Raptor
Oxytetracycline Amphoteric Turkey
q3d
q3-5d
q2-3d
q3d
q2-3d
q3d
q3-5d
q3-5d
QD
q3d
QD
QD
QD
QD
q2d
q2d
q2d
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
q2-3d
TD
NL
Once
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
A
A
E
E
E
E
C
C
C
C
A
E
E
E
A
A
E
727
1240
565
401
1170
380
1503
1648
1150
703
847
55
1067
704
704
1240
1240
564
564
564
705
55
1240
1365
1240
802
802
564
C.I.** REFERENCE
For pasteurellosis
Causes irritation at injection site
For respiratory infections, may cause muscle

necrosis
For respiratory infections
For pasteurellosis and other bacteria
IM injection may cause muscle necrosis
Add oxytetracycline feed also
Add oxytetracycline drinking water also
Add neomycin
Add tetracycline for birds over 700 g

Add tetracycline for birds under 400 g

contraindications)
SC
IM
IM-SC
IM
SC
IM-SC
SC
SC
IM
SC
75
IM
IM-SC
Drink
IM
IM
IM
Drink
PO
Feed
Drink
IM
IM
SC
IM-PO
Drink
Feed
Feed
IM
43
50
0.133-0.444 g/L
100
20
80
0.0265-0.106 g/L
6.25-200 mg TD
110-220 mg/kg food
0.06-0.25 g/L
58
50
50-100
25-50
2.5 g/L
2500 ppm
220 mg/kg food
ROUTE
60
Pheasant
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Poultry
Poultry
Poultry
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Turkey
Turkey
Turkey
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
Oxytetracycline
Amazon Parrot
Amphoteric
Oxytetracycline Amphoteric Amazon, Blue-fronted
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
302
3-5 IU/kg
0.5-1 IU TD
5 IU TD
100
2.5 ml/L spray

55
55
55
50 KIU/kg
44 KIU/kg
55-110 mg/kg food
375 KIU/L
110 mg/kg food
2.65 mg/kg food
<100 KIU/kg
100 KIU TD
100
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Ostrich
Avian
Avian
Avian
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Psittacine
Raptor
Anseriformes
Poultry
Poultry
Poultry
Poultry
Poultry
Raptor
Rhea
Turkey
Oxytocin
Oxytocin
Oxytocin
Oxytocin
Oxytocin
Paromomycin Sulfate
Penetran
Penetran
Penicillamine
Penicillamine
Penicillamine
Penicillamine
Penicillamine
Penicillamine
Penicillin
Penicillin
Penicillin
Penicillin
Penicillin
Penicillin
Penicillin
Penicillin G Benzathine
Penicillin G Benzathine
SC
IM
IM-IV
Parenteral
PO
Feed
Drink
Feed
Feed
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
Topical
Topical
PO
IV
NL
IV-SC
IM
IM
ROUTE
QD
QD
NL
NL
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
BID
QD
BID
BID
BID
BID
NL
NL
BID
Once
NL
Once
NL
NL
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
A
G
C
C
C
C
E
F
G
E
D
D
D
E
582
385
1463
597
564
564
564
564
564
1240
1236
87
1240
1150
1221
1103
1486
1474
1257
1431
1151
1150
924
C.I.** REFERENCE
Add tylosin
Add penicillin G procaine for Pasteurella
multocida
Add streptomycin, nutritional use, no

slaughter withdrawal
Use crystalline formulation for bacterial
infections
Add streptomycin
Prophylactic
For copper toxicosis

Repeat after 3 to 5 days
Chelation agent for copper, zinc, mercury
and lead

For lead or zinc toxicosis, may use in
conjunction with edetate calcium disodium
For rashes, ulceration, local irritation, trauma,

bites, burns, etc.
For picking or itching
For neonate with cryptosporidiosis
Egg binding
Use with calcium and vitamin A for egg
expulsion
To help with egg expulsion, add calcium,
fluids and heat
For egg binding, give calcium borogluconate
also
Give 2 to 4 minutes before semen collection

contraindications)
52
55
50-55
2 IU/kg
5 U/kg
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
303
66-133 KIU/kg
20 KIU/kg
100
100
160-180
5
50
24
Avian
Falcon, Lanner
Galliformes
Turkey
Avian
Avian
Avian
Budgerigar
Canary
Chicken
Cockatoo, Major Mitchell's
Cowbird
Crane, European
Duck, Mallard
Duck, Northern Pintail
Eagle, Golden
Emu
Galliformes
Goose
Gull, California
Hawk
Penguin
Pigeon
Penicillin G Potassium
Penicillin G Potassium
Penicillin G Procaine
Penicillin G Procaine
Pentobarbital + Chloral
Hydrate + Magnesium
Sulfat e
Pentobarbital Sodium
IM
NL
IM
IV
PO
PO
IM
PO
IV
IM
IM
IM
IV
Feed
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
ROUTE
PRN
Once
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
Once
PRN
PRN
PRN
NL
Once
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
NL
QID
q2d
Once
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
B
G
B
G
E
E
B
B
B
B
B
B
G
B
B
E
F
B
F
B
E
A
1086
595
1084
283
1130
1130
1084
1095
1593
1086
1084
1080
1590
1094
1084
1130
1209
1084
1209
1209
1175
111, 1473
385
C.I.** REFERENCE
Add chloral hydrate + magnesium sulfate,

"
Precede with ketamine by 15 minutes

reduce dose 15 to 20% in debilitated birds,
fledgling
Premedicate with diazepam
Use tablets
Use tablets

See above
Add thiopental sodium

Dosage base on combined mg of

pentobarbital/chloral hydrate/magnesium
sulfate
Loading dose, add penicillin G with procaine

benzathine for Pasteurella multocida
Post-surgical treatment of bumblefoot

contraindications)
14.7
33
24
13.3
50-100
50-100
24
22
390
18.2
24
16.2
100 mg TD
100-150 g/kg food
24
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
304
15
dusting
dusting
1-5
3.5-7
0.048-0.080 g/L
3
< 30
20
2.2
3.5-7
3.5-7
2.5-5
0.2-2.5
75-100
4.31 mg/kcal
2.55 mg/kcal
10 g/L saline
10 g/L saline
100-200
150
100-200
200
90
100
100
Avian
Pigeon
Psittacine
Avian
Avian
Avian
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Ostrich
Psittacine
Raptor
Avian
Raptor
Amazon Parrot
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Budgerigar
Cockatoo, Citron-crested
Crane
Duck, Ruddy
Pentoxifylline
Permethrin
Permethrin
Phenobarbital
Phenobarbital
Phenobarbital
Phenobarbital
Phenobarbital
Phenobarbital
Phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone
Phytonadione
Phytonadione
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
IM
IM-IV
IM-IV
Flush
Nebulize
IM
IM
IM
IM
Parenteral
IM-IV-SC
IM
Parenteral
IM-PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
NL
Drink
PO
Topical
Topical
PO
Feed
PO
IM-IV
IM-IV
IV
IM
ROUTE
q4-6h
TID-QID
q4-6h
BID-QID
BID-QID
TID-QID
BID
BID
TID
BID
BID
BID
BID-QID
QD
QD
BID-TID
BID-TID
PRN
NL
BID
BID
PRN
BID
NL
NL
BID-TID
Once
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
A
E
E
E
E
E
G
E
A
G
E
G
E
E
G
E
E
E
D
E
D
G
E
E
E
B
E
E
B
G
B
1473
1180
1180
1183
1185
1650
55
1478
411
740
629
1468
1492
1433
710
1473
111
1463
1612
111, 1473
1475
58
1240
1240
1240
1489
1094
1463
1463
1075
1074
1080
C.I.** REFERENCE
Begin pre-operatively for tendon surgery
Add amikacin
Post-trauma infections
Synergistic with aminoglycosides

Nasal or sinus
10 to 30 minutes
For anticoagulant rodenticide

For anticoagulant poisoning
For feather picking, may cause deep sedation

and inability to perch
For sedation
For neurologic signs with organochlorine
toxicity
Control of seizures
For fleas and lice

Ectoparasite control
Add aloe vera for frostbite, vasodilator
Adult
Add thiopental sodium
For sedation
Not usually recommended

contraindications)
25-50 g/kg food

< 20
30
47
25 mg TD
16.2
Quail, Japanese
Raptor
Raptor
Skua, McCormick's
Swan, Mute
Turkey
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
305
100
100-200
100
50-100
100-200
100
150-200
200
45-200
100-500
4-5.26 g/L
0.3 g/L
100-500
1.9 g/L
500 mg
250 mg
12.5
35
1 g/L
100-500
250
30-50 mg TD
100
6.25 g/L
0.5
1 mg TD
Pigeon
Pigeon
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Avian
Falcon, Peregrine
Anseriformes
Avian
Crane
Finch
Galliformes
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Poultry
Psittacine
Quail
Raptor
Raptor
Crane
Amazon Parrot
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium +
Tazobactam Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium +
Tazobactam Sodium
Piperazine
Piperazine
Piperazine
Piperazine
Piperazine
Piperazine
Piperazine
Piperazine
Piperazine
Piperazine
Piperazine
Piperazine
Piperazine
Piperazine
Piperazine
Piperonyl Butoxide
Piroxicam
Policosanol
PO
PO
Topical
PO
PO
Drink
Drink
PO
Drink
Drink
Drink
Drink
PO
Drink
PO
PO
PO
PO
IM
IM-IV
IM
IM
IM
SC
IM-IV
IM-IV
IM
IM
IM
Parenteral
ROUTE
BID
BID
NL
NL
q2w
QD
NL
q2w
QD
TD
TD
QD
QD
QD
q10d
NL
NL
NL
BID
QD-BID
BID-TID
BID
BID
TID
BID-TID
BID
TID-QID
BID
BID
q4d
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
G
E
E
C
C
C
E
G
G
G
G
G
E
G
G
A
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
1273
1671
1068
111
1650
596
1572
111
704
706
706
1240
260
57
1309
57
678
57, 1463
1426
1279
260
590
411
632
1240, 1756
1433
1027
1357
1620
820
C.I.** REFERENCE
For hyperlipidemia or hypercholesterolemia
Add permethrin + methoprene for

ectoparasites
Anthelmintic
Anthelmintic
For ascarids
For 30 birds
For capillaria
For ascaridiasis
Repeat every 10 to 14 days
For roundworms
Repeat in 2 weeks
Substitute for piperacillin sodium, DO NOT

use aminoglycosides concurrently
Neonate dosage
For embryonic death, begin first dose at day

14, use 26 ga needle
Broad spectrum

contraindications)
200
100
100
4 mg TD per egg
Falcon
Gull
Lorikeet, Rainbow
Macaw
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
Piperacillin Sodium
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
306
50 mg TD
12.5 mg TD
20 mg TD
80
80
80
0.3
0.1-0.3
Crane, Demoiselle
Pheasant, Peacock
Vulture, King
Cockatoo, Umbrella
Parrot, Grey
Pigeon
Avian
Avian
Polysulfated
Glycosaminoglycan
Polysulfated
Glycosaminoglycan
Polysulfated
Glycosaminoglycan
Potassium Bromide
Potassium Bromide
Potassium Bromide
Potassium Chloride
Potassium Chloride
10-100
Avian
Pralidoxime Iodide
Parenteral
IM
NL
IM
NL
IV
IV
PO
PO
PO
IM
IM
IA
IM-PO
PO
Drink
PO
Drink
Feed
Drink
Feed
Feed
Drink
Drink
Feed
PO
ROUTE
NL
QD
BID-QID
PRN
Once
NL
NL
QD
QD
QD
QW
Once
Once
NL
BID
NL
BID
QD
QD
NL
Once
QD
QD
NL
Once
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
G
E
E
G
G
G
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
1492
111
1400
50
1029
1473
111
1691
1274
1274
579
579
579
924
1180
1180
565
695
695
1187
1187
1437
1437
1187
1187
1466
C.I.** REFERENCE
Reduce dosage if used with atropine for

organophosphates
For organophosphate poisoning

Continue only if first dose produces response
Add formaldehyde for fumigation TOXIC
For control of seizures

Seizure control
Seizure control
Musculosketal joint therapy

Mix with lactulose for hyperlipidemia of

triglyceride and cholesterol

contraindications)
10-30
100
20
Avian
Raptor
Raptor
Pralidoxime Chloride
14 g/m
10-15
1000 mg/kcal
3000 KIU/L
50 KIU/kg
50 KIU/L
50 KIU/kg food
500 KIU/L
500 KIU/kg food
100 KIU/kg food
100 KIU/L
500 KIU/L
500 KIU/kg food
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Canary
Canary
Canary
Canary
Passerine
Passerine
Passerine, Small
Passerine, Small
Polymyxin B Sulfate
Polymyxin B Sulfate
Polymyxin B Sulfate
Polymyxin B Sulfate
Polymyxin B Sulfate
Polymyxin B Sulfate
Polymyxin B Sulfate
Polymyxin B Sulfate
Polymyxin B Sulfate
Polymyxin B Sulfate
Polymyxin B Sulfate
Polymyxin B Sulfate
Potassium Permanganate Falcon
Policosanol
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
307
100
100
100
10-20
10-20
9
7.5
5
10
10-20
11.4
10-20
10
9
10-20
50
30
5-10
10-50
2
6.7
Raptors
Anseriformes
Psittacine
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Bustard
Finch
Finch
Ostrich
Ostrich
Passerine, Small
Penguin
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Pralidoxime Iodide
Pralidoxime Mesylate
Pralidoxime Mesylate
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Praziquantel
Prednisolone
Prednisolone
Prednisolone
Prednisolone
Prednisolone
PO
IM
IM-IV
PO
PO
PO
PO
NL
PO
SC
PO
PO
IM
PO
PO-SC
NL
PO-SC
PO
PO
PO
PO-SC
PO
Feed
PO-SC
PO
IM
IM
IM
IM
Parenteral
ROUTE
BID
Once
Once
BID
NL
NL
NL
NL
NL
QM
q2w
NL
NL
Once
NL
q10d
QD
q2w
NL
NL
Once
q10-14d
Once
q10d
QD
QD
QID
QID
Once
BID-TID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
E
E
C
G
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
D
D
D
D
E
1240
1400
1400
1431
1526
283
481
1187
1478
704
704
1192
763
1240
1068
1132
1240
1359
1648
1503
1240
1572
1617
1150
1470
1470
1150
1240
1093
1650
C.I.** REFERENCE
For shock
Also analgesic
May predispose to mycotic infection

Use decreasing dosage for long-term therapy
For tapeworms
Tablet crushed in water suspension

For cestodes
For tapeworms
For tapeworms repeat after 10 days
For trematodes and cestodes
For tapeworms and flukes
For trematodes
For cestodes
Crush tablet and mix with enough food for 1

day, scatter throughout aviary
Control cestodes
Continue PO for 11 days for liver parasitic
disease
For tapeworms
For tapeworms
For cestodes and trematodes
Use lower dosage if used with atropine for

organophosphate toxicity
For monocrotophos toxicity

contraindications)
2
0.5-1
2-4
10
10
10
10-20
12 mg/kg
10-100
Avian
Pralidoxime Iodide
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
308
2-4
10-30
0.5-1
10-20
0.03
1
1
0.3-1
0.75
0.03
0.03
1
1
1
1
125 mg TD
125
200
125
21 ml/kg food
Avian
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Falcon
Penguin
Penguin
Penguin
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Amazon Parrot
Raptor
Avian
Macaw
Anseriformes
Anseriformes
Avian
Primaquine Phosphate
Primidone
Primidone
Probenecid
Probenecid
Probiotic
Probiotic
Probiotic
Feed
Drink
Feed
PO
NL
Drink
PO
NL
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
IM-IV
IM-IV
IM-IV
IM-IV
IM-IV
ROUTE
Once
NL
Once
QID
q2d
QD
PRN
Once
QW
QD
QD
QD
QD
QW
QD
QW
QW
TID
NL
Once
PRN
NL
NL
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
E
E
D
E
B
E
G
G
D
E
E
G
111
1240
1240
45
704
1753
1463
1177
1470
111, 1473
262
1365
61
94
1470
1479
1492
57
1554
1151
234
111
111
C.I.** REFERENCE
Add to hand feeding formula
For hand-rearing (6 hours old) and

convalescing birds, Avipro Pediatric
Double dosage for stressed bird, Avipro
For body weight > 200g, to decrease

excretion rate of penicillin/cephalosporin
during therapy
Uricosiuric
Long-term seizure control

For sedation
Add chloroquine phosphate

For sarcocystosis
Add chloroquine
Add chloroquine phosphate, juvenile dosage
Add chloroquine
For liver parasitic disease prophylaxis
Add chloroquine for Plasmodium

Usually in combination with chloroquine
For shock
For neurologic emergencies
Immunosuppressive

contraindications)
5 cc/L
5 scoops/L
0.5-1
Avian
Prednisolone Sodium
Phosphate
Prednisolone Sodium
Phosphate
Prednisolone Sodium
Phosphate
Prednisolone Sodium
Succinate
Prednisolone Sodium
Succinate
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
309
5 ml/L food
pinch TD
30 mg TD
5
5
5
4.1-8.6
14
1.33
6
10
30 mg TD
0.2
0.04
N/A
2.5 ml/kg
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Ratite
Avian
Avian
Raptor
Amazon, Hispaniolan
Anseriformes
Avian
Duck, Mallard
Ostrich
Pigeon
Pigeon
Psittacine
Swan
Swan (Black, Mute)
Chicken
Avian
Avian
Raptor
Avian
Probiotic
Probiotic
Probiotic
Probiotic
Proflavine
Propentofylline
Propentofylline
Propofol
Propofol
Propofol
Propofol
Propofol
Propofol
Propofol
Propofol
Propofol
Propofol
Propolis
Propranolol HCl
Propranolol HCl
Prostaglandin E (See
Dinoprostone)
Psyllium Hydrophilic
Mucilloid
PO
Topical
IM
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
PO
PO
Topical
Feed
PO
PO
Drink
Feed
Feed
ROUTE
NL
PRN
NL
NL
Once
PRN
PRN
PRN
Once
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
BID
QD
QD-BID
Once
QD
NL
NL
QD
Once
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
B
B
E
G
B
E
E
E
E
G
E
E
87
1400
111
111
1632
779
779
1240
1695
1291
1628
1358
1190
1181
1436
1400
1240
1240
1473
1473
418
1240
111
1240
C.I.** REFERENCE
Mix with syringeable food, bulking agent to

remove GI materials
For egg binding, use gel formulation
Immune and growth stimulant
Maintain anesthesia by continuous infusion at

1 mg/kg per minute
Induction agent
Short duration, smooth induction, high safety
margin
Administer over 1 minute, follow with 4
mg/kg, respiratory depression
Maintain with 0.2 mg/kg/min constant rate
infusion
Follows ketamine
Preliminary to inhalation anesthesia
For anesthesia induction
Induction for isoflurane
Gas anesthesia premed
Vasodilator for wing tip edema or dry

gangrene
Improve circulation (wing tip edema)
For wounds, stimulate granulation
Hand feeding formula
For hand-rearing (6 hours old) and

convalescing birds, Avipro Pediatric
Double dosage for stressed bird, Avipro

contraindications)
10
8
1.33-14
5 scoops/L
1 pinch TD
21 ml/kg food
Avian
Psittacine
Probiotic
Probiotic
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
310
7
4.5-25
4.5
4.5
100
20-25
4.5
100
20
4.5
5-7
0.1% powder
0.5-2% mixture
0.25-0.5
0.5
0.3
0.25-0.5
0.5
0.06 g/L
0.06 g/L
5-10
240
7.5
240
10 mg TD
5-10
10 drops/kg
Anseriformes
Avian
Crane
Finch
Passerine
Pigeon
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Ratite
Crane
Finch
Raptor
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Raptor
Raptor
Anseriformes
Psittacine
Avian
Avian
Avian
Canary
Pigeon
Psittacine
Avian
Pyrantel Pamoate
Pyrantel Pamoate
Pyrantel Pamoate
Pyrantel Pamoate
Pyrantel Pamoate
Pyrantel Pamoate
Pyrantel Pamoate
Pyrantel Pamoate
Pyrantel Pamoate
Pyrantel Pamoate
Pyrantel Pamoate
Pyrethrin
Pyrethrin
Pyrethrin
Pyrimethamine
Pyrimethamine
Pyrimethamine
Pyrimethamine
Pyrimethamine
Pyrimethamine +
Sulfaquinoxaline
Pyrimethamine +
Sulfaquinoxaline
Quinacrine HCl
Quinacrine HCl
Quinacrine HCl
Quinacrine HCl
Quinacrine HCl
Quinacrine HCl
Red Clover
PO
PO
NL
PO
PO
PO
PO
Drink
Drink
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
Topical
Topical
Topical
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
Feed
ROUTE
QD
QD
QD
QD
BID
QD
QD
QD
QD
BID
BID
BID
NL
BID
QW-q2w
QD
q10d
q2w
q2w
q10d
q10-14d
Once
QW-q2w
q10d
NL
Once
q2w
NL
Once
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
G
G
E
D
D
E
E
E
E
G
E
D
E
E
G
E
E
G
E
G
G
1435
111
1479
1650
57
47
1473
1240
1150
1433
1150
1470
1650
1400
1361
1572
1411
1358
111,1221, 1473
1361
1572
1335
1364
1240
57, 1335
1240, 1400
94
418
1478
C.I.** REFERENCE
Use low alcohol formulation for soft shelled

egg
For Plasmodium
For Plasmodium
Wait 2 days then repeat for coccidiosis
2 days off, then repeat for coccidiosis
For Leucocytozoo, Plasmodium

For sarcocystosis, toxoplasmosis and other
protozoal infections
For leucocytozoonosis
For sarcocystosis and toxoplasmosis
For ectoparasites, apply lightly

Dust feathers
For chewing lice
For nematodes
Juvenile dosage
For nematodes
For intestinal nematodes
For nematodes
For nematodiasis
For intestinal nematodes
Add sodium + magnesium sulfate + mineral

oil for lead poisoning, add bran

contraindications)
40 ml/L soft food
Bird, Aquatic
Psyllium Hydrophilic
Mucilloid
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
311
10-60 drops/kg
2 drops TD
2-4
130
15
1.15 mg/kcal
45
10-20
15
20
45
15
30
0.1 g/L
33 mg/kg food
0.033 g/kg
0.323 mg/kcal
0.65 g/L
1 g/L
6-10
1 g/L
0.4 g/L
0.4 g/kg food
0.1 g/L
6-10
0.05 g/kg food
Avian
Finch
Raptor
Ostrich
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bustard, Houbara
Crane, Whooping
Psittacine
Raptor
Poultry
Chicken
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Budgerigar
Canary
Canary
Finch
Finch
Finch
Red Palm Oil
Rescue Remedy
Reserpine
Resorantel
Rifabutin
Rifabutin
Rifampin
Rifampin
Rifampin
Rifampin
Rifampin
Rifampin
Rifampin
Rimantadine HCl
Robenidine HCl
Robenidine HCl
Ronidazole
Ronidazole
Ronidazole
Ronidazole
Ronidazole
Ronidazole
Ronidazole
Ronidazole
Ronidazole
Ronidazole
PO
Drink
Drink
PO
Drink
Drink
Feed
Drink
PO
Feed
Feed
Feed
Drink
PO
PO
PO
PO
NL
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
ROUTE
QD
NL
QD
QD
QD
QD
Once
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
NL
BID
QD
BID
TID
QD
BID
QD
QD
QD
NL
PRN
Once
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
G
E
E
E
E
E
G
E
B
G
G
E
B
G
E
G
1180
1180
1479
57
1479
695
1187
1572
1572
1334
564
895
435
932
207
1240
1178
713
111, 1473
1154
1180
1470
283,401, 524
1463
1723
1727
C.I.** REFERENCE
For cochlosomiasis
Treat 4 times yearly for Trichomoniasis
Treat 4 times yearly for Trichomoniasis
For flagellates

For coccidiosis
Add ciprofloxacin + ethambutol for

mycobacteriosis
For bacterial diarrhea
Add ethambutol
For avian tuberculosis
Add IT and IV amphotericin B + flucytosine
for aspergillosis
Add ethambutol + isoniazid
Add ethambutol + enrofloxacin for

mycobacteriosis
Add ethambutol + azithromycin or
clarithromycin for mycobacteriosis
Add fenbendazole or levamisole
For prolonged sedation
For stress of handling or minor procedures
May give over food

contraindications)
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
312
Topical
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
Feed
12.5
10
0.1 g/L
25-50 mg/kg food
0.06 g/kg
0.075 g/kg
60
44-66 mg/kg food
60 ppm
60 g/ton
10
8
0.02 g/L
0.05 g/L
0.025-0.03
5 g/L bait
25
0.06
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Psittacine
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Poultry
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Turkey
Blackbird, Red-winged
Dove
Duck, Mallard
Psittacine
Chicken
Ronidazole
Ronidazole
Ronidazole
Ronidazole
Roxarsone
Salicylic Acid
Salinomycin
Salinomycin
Salinomycin
Salinomycin
Salinomycin
Salinomycin
Sarafloxacin HCl
Sarafloxacin HCl
Sarafloxacin HCl
Sarafloxacin HCl
Secobarbital Sodium
Secobarbital Sodium
Secobarbital Sodium
Selenium
Semduramycin
PO
NL
PO
Feed
PO
PO
Drink
Drink
Drink
Feed
Drink
PO
Drink
Drink
NL
Drink
QD
q3d-q2w
PRN
Once
PRN
BID-TID
QD
QD
NL
QD
QD
QD
QD
Once
QD
q2w
QD
QD
NL
NL
NL
QD
QD
QD
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
G
B
A
B
B
A
B
B
B
E
B
C
E
E
E
D
E
G
D
564
1613
1769
1763
1095
787
855
864
805
869
869
958
564
783
705
1446
564
1240
1432
1432
1192
1221
1192
1334
1438
C.I.** REFERENCE
Add chloralose
Bait is usually corn
Continuous or 4-hour pulse dose

For Escherichia coli infections

For coccidiosis
For coccidiosis
Add 3 g tannic acid + 3 g salicylic acid +

ethyl alcohol for 100 ml of solution for
dermatomycosis
Nutritional use, no slaughter withdrawal
For trichomoniasis treatment

"
"
For cochlosomiasis
cochlosomiasis
For trichomoniasis
For hexamitiasis, add trimethoprim or
enrofloxacin in severe infections
For treatment of trichomoniasis, give
periodically for 2 to 3 days for prophylaxis

contraindications)
0.1-0.2 g/L
6-10
0.1 g/L
Drink
Drink
Ronidazole
Ronidazole
0.05 g/L
0.04 g/L
Finch
Passerine
ROUTE
Ronidazole
Ronidazole
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
313
PO
Drink
IO-IV
PO
Gavage
2 drops/kg
40 drops/L
1 mEq/kg
5 mEq/kg
30 ml/kg
10 g/L
1-2% solution
30 ml/L
60
67-200
2 mg TD
134-200
67
50 ml/kg
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Bird, Aquatic
Bird, Aquatic
Penguin
Psittacine
Raptor
Finch
Avian
Avian
Budgerigar
Budgerigar
Budgerigar
Avian
Avian
Silver, Colloidal
Silver, Colloidal
Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Hypochlorite
Sodium Iodide
Sodium Iodide
Sodium Iodide
Sodium Iodide
Sodium Iodide
Sodium Lactate Solution
IV
IV
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
Topical
Topical
PO
IM-IV-SC
Feed
PO
IV
IV-SC
NL
NL
PRN
NL
PRN
QD
QD
NL
NL
QD
QD
QD
NL
TID-QID
QD
Once
NL
PRN
QD
QD
q10d
BID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
F
G
G
G
G
E
E
E
E
D
E
E
1650
111
54
1209
85
1212
1212
1572
1400
1353
1240
1501
1503
1151
1559
1311
1473
1309
1435
1435
1650
1154
C.I.** REFERENCE
Emergency care, give slowly, warm fluid
Maintenance fluids
For acute thyroid hyperplasia

For chronic thyroid hyperplasia
For salmonellosis environmental cleanup, use

household bleach
1-2% solution for wounds, wash off within 5

minutes
Supplement fish diet

Use 0.9% solution
Use 0.9% solution

To maintain activity of salt gland of marine
birds kept on freshwater
For pelagic sea birds kept in fresh water
For procelliform birds kept in fresh water
Give slowly over 15 to 30 minutes, do not

exceed 4 mEq/kg
For cardiopulmonary resuscitation
First dose IV, remainder SC, maximum total

dose 4 mEq/kg for metabolic acidosis
Broad spectrum
Broad spectrum
For cautery of papillomas
Add lamprene + ethambutol HCl, add

ciprofloxacin or enrofloxacin or streptomycin
for advanced cases

contraindications)
10-30 ml/kg
150-1667
50 ml/kg
100
100
1-4 mEq/kg
Topical
Avian
Silver Nitrate
PO
10
Avian
Seromycin
ROUTE
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
314
20 ml/kg
50 ml/kg
50-100 ml/kg
2000
500-1000
125-250
0.003
30
1 g/L
10-45
0.58 mg/kcal
1 g/L
0.2-0.4 g/L
5 mg TD
2 g/L
0.5 g/L
5
0.2-0.4 g/L
0.4 g/kg food
0.2-0.4 g/L
0.4 g/kg soft food
0.4 g/kg food
0.2-0.4 g/L
25
30
0.15-0.25 g/L
0.264-0.53 g/L
0.132 g/L
2.5-20 mg TD
10-30
35
Hawk, Red-tailed
Lory, Red
Psittacine
Avian
Avian
Avian
Toucan, Sulfur-breasted
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Canary
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Duck
Finch
Finch
Passerine
Passerine
Passerine, Small
Passerine, Small
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Poultry
Poultry
Psittacine
Psittacine

Sodium Sulfate
Sodium Sulfate
Sodium Sulfate
Somatostatin
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
NL
BID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
PO
Drink
IM
IM-SC
Drink
Drink
SC
Drink
Drink
SC
Drink
Feed
Drink
Feed
Feed
Drink
IM-SC
PO
Drink
Drink
Drink
SC
IM
IN
SC
PO
PO
PO
QD
QD
NL
TID
NL
NL
Once
NL
NL
Once
QD
QD
QD
QD
Once
NL
TID
QD
NL
QD
QD
QD
BID-TID
NL
BID
NL
QD
NL
IV
NL
SC
NL
IO-IP-IV-SC NL
IO-IV-SC
IO-IV-SC
ROUTE
E
E
E
E
E
E
B
C
C
B
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
F
G
C
C
C
E
E
E
E
G
G
E
G
G
565
704
704
1180
1180
1187
848
1307
1307
841
1572
1572
1437
1437
1187
1187
565, 1061
1061
260
564
564
564
1240
1240
589
1746
111
1554
1626
1621
1688
1311
1756
C.I.** REFERENCE
Prophylactic
Chick dosage
Gram negative enteritis
Give 1/3 each nare, remainder IM

Day-old neonates
For Mycoplasma gallisepticum in broilers
For improved weight gain in broilers
For E. coli and Salmonella
For removal of metals from GI tract
Large birds, give slurry

For botulism to flush gastrointestinal tract
For hyperuricemia, give until level drops to

normal
Intra-operative fluids

contraindications)
25 ml/kg
50-100 ml/kg
Avian
Avian

DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
315
10 mg TD
250
100
2 g/L
0.58 mg/kcal
1.08 mg/kcal
0.2-0.4 g/L
400 mg/kg food
0.2-0.4 g/L
0.4 g/kg food
25
50
0.4 g/L
20
25-50
25-50
25-50
0.016 g/L
0.5-1
10-30
33
15
0.65 mg/kcal
1.28-4.67 mg/kcal
10-30
30
Turkey
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Canary
Canary
Passerine, Small
Passerine, Small
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Avian
Psittacine
Psittacine
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Chicken
Chicken
Pheasant
Pheasant
Spectinomycin HCl
Spiramycin
Spiramycin
Spiramycin
Spiramycin
Spiramycin
Spiramycin
Spiramycin
Spiramycin
Spiramycin
Spiramycin
Spiramycin
Spiramycin
Spiramycin
Stanozolol
Stanozolol
Stanozolol
Stanozolol
Stanozolol
Streptomycin Sulfate
IM
PO
Feed
Feed
IM
IM
IM
IM-PO
IM
PO
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
Drink
Parenteral
PO
IM-PO
Drink
IM
PO
Drink
Feed
Drink
Feed
IM
PO
Drink
IM
SC
IM
SC
ROUTE
QD
QD
QD
QD
BID
BID-TID
BID-TID
NL
BID-TID
QD
BID-TID
BID
q3d-QW
q3-4d
q3d-QW
NL
NL
QD
NL
NL
QD
QD
QD
QD
NL
Once
QD
QD
QD
NL
NL
BID
NL
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
A
E
G
G
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
E
E
G
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
F
C
E
G
C
320
565
678
678
819
111
741
924
1180
1180
1470
55, 1154
111, 1209, 1240

1473
1309
763
763
565
924
1180
1180
1180
695
695
1187
1187
565, 1061
1061
564
1463
1307
234
1307
C.I.** REFERENCE
Add ethambutol + rifampin for

mycobacteriosis
Add rifampin + ethambutol for avian
tuberculosis
Used in large birds and poultry

Poor spectrum
Anabolic agent
For debilitation, anorexia and anemia
For debilitation, anorexia and anemia
Dilute 1:4 normal saline for newly hatched

chicks
Inject in base of the neck of 1 to 3-day-old
poults for airsacculitis

contraindications)
25-50
50-100
220 mg/kg food
55-110 mg/kg food
10
50
12.5-25 mg TD
Raptor
Turkey
Spectinomycin HCl
Spectinomycin HCl
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
316
55-110 mg/kg food

15
25-35
30
30
25-35
15-35
25-35
30
25
25
24
25
< 5 ml/kg 5% soln
0.175 g/L
0.125 ml powder
Quail
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Psittacine
Raptor
Avian
Lorikeet, Rainbow
Psittacine
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Canary
Canary
Canary
Passerine
Succimer
Succimer
Succimer
Succimer
Succimer
Succimer
Succimer
Succimer
Sucralfate
Sucralfate
Sucralfate
Sucrose
Sulfachlorpyridazine
Drink
Drink
Drink
Drink
Drink
Drink
Drink
Drink
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
NL
PO
Feed
PO
PO
IM
PO
Drink
Feed
ROUTE
QD-q2d
NL
QD
QD
QD-q2d
QD
QD
QDlllllll
PRN
TID
BID
TID
BID
QD
BID
BID
BID
BID
NL
BID
QD
NL
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
G
G
E
E
G
E
G
E
D
E
E
E
G
D
G
E
G
E
E
F
C
C
E
1187
1187
1334
57
1187
1479
1240
1309
1400
1492
1620
111
1221, 1470
1120
1151
1236
1337
1478
1710
1359
678
1463
565, 1061
1061
564
564
564
C.I.** REFERENCE
Give 5 days of each week, continue until after

molting
Give 5 days per week for coccidiosis
Antibacterial,* use 5-10 days

Antibacterial*
*Vetisulid Oral Powder is 560 mg/ml
volume for flock treatment for E. coli
Use 5 days per week, reduces shedding of
Atoxoplasma
Repeat after 2 days, antiparasitic
Give 5 days per week until molting complete
in juveniles with atoxopasmosis
Mild purgative, may stimulate appetite
Mix with water for GI bleeding

For intestinal ulcers
For zinc toxicity

After 2 days off, repeat over 3-5 weeks for
lead toxicity
Preferred oral drug for lead toxicosis

For zinc toxicoses
Metal chelating agent
Give 5 days per week for lead toxicosis
For lead poisoning
May give with kaolin or sulfonamide for

bacterial infections
Add penicillin, nutritional use, no slaughter

withdrawal

contraindications)
0.3 g/L
0.15-.0.3 g/L
0.15 g/L
0.4 g/L
0.15 g/L
59 g/L
100-200
25-50
55
0.068-0.1 g/L
13.2 mg/kg food
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Poultry
Poultry
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
317
1% cream formula
300-400
24
25
0.5 g/L
50
25 (50 loading dose)
25
25
250
0.5 g/L
0.19-0.25 g/L
0.25-0.5 g/L
25
25-50
1
0.3
0.5
2 g/L
30
0.2 g/L
50
1 g/L
Psittacine
Penguin, African
Avian
Avian
Chicken
Crane
Falcon
Gull
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Raptor
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Psittacine
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Sulfadiazine, Silver
Sulfadiazine,
Sulfamerazine,
Sulfamethazine
Sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadoxine +
Pyrimethamine
Sulfadoxine +
Pyrimethamine
Sulfadoxine +
Pyrimethamine
Sulfamerazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Drink
IM-SC
Drink
PO
Drink
Drink
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
IM
Drink
Drink
Drink
NL
PO
IM
IM-PO
Drink
Feed
Topical
Drink
Drink
Drink
ROUTE
NL
NL
QD
NL
NL
QD
BID
NL
QW
QD
QD
BID
BID
BID
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
NL
NL
NL
BID
NL
NL
QD
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
A
E
G
C
E
G
F
E
B
E
G
G
741
704
704
704
741
924
1365
1650
1479
1361
1027
1357
590
992
1432
260
564
1132
94
1209
924
826
1614
1448
1187
260
260
C.I.** REFERENCE
For coccidiosis plus mild respiratory and

enteric diseases
For coccidiosis plus mild respiratory and
enteric diseases
Repeat after 2 days
Repeat after 2 days for coccidiosis
Dosage based on pyrimethamine for

Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium
For sarcocystosis
Double dose for first day for coccidiosis

Juvenile dosage, repeat after 2 days
For coccidiosis
For coccidiosis and atoxoplasmosis
Loading dose 375 mg/L
For Pasteurella multocida and Hemophilus

gallinarum
For coccidiosis
For coccidiosis, do not deprive of water
coccidiosis
Precede with sulfamethazine injectable, give

dose in fish for malaria
Post-surgical wound care

contraindications)
1 g/L
0.15-.0.3 g/L
0.3 g/L
0.3 g/L
Passerine, Small
Pigeon
Pigeon
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
318
0.19-0.25 g/L
1 g/L
1 g/L
300 mg/kg food
300 mg/kg food
500 mg/kg food

0.17 g/L
0.25 g/kg
100
100
0.397 g/L
0.034 g/L
0.17 g/L
Budgerigar
Canary
Canary
Chicken
Passerine
Passerine, Small
Penguin, African
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Poultry
Raptor
Chicken
Poultry
Anseriformes
Chicken
Duck
Lory
Pigeon
Poultry
Raptor
Turkey
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
Sulfanitran
Sulfanitran
Sulfaquinoxaline
Sulfaquinoxaline
Sulfaquinoxaline
Sulfaquinoxaline
Sulfaquinoxaline
Sulfaquinoxaline
Sulfaquinoxaline
Sulfaquinoxaline
Once
QD
Once
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
NL
QD
QD
QD
NL
BID
NL
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
E
B
G
G
C
E
E
C
C
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
E
G
E
E
E
E
E
D
E
G
597
564
825
57
57
564
1612
564
564
564
564
564
1612
1240
1432
232
260
704
704
1240
57
1187
695
564
1437
1187
1614
1180
57
C.I.** REFERENCE
Repeat after 2 days

10-day slaughter withdrawal

For Riemerella anatipestifer in ducklings
Add nitromide + roxarsone, 5-day slaughter

withdrawal, prophylactic
Add nitromide + roxarsone, nutritional use,
no slaughter withdrawal
Repeat after 2 days
Loading dose 375 mg/L, treat with B

vitamins for 5 days then repeat
For coccidiosis, perhaps Toxoplasmosis
Switch to sulfadiazine + sulfamerazine +

sulfamethazine when able to give orally for
malaria
Repeat 1 to 2 times at 2-day intervals
Repeat after 5 days
Wait 2 days then repeat for 3 treatment cycles
for coccidiosis, perhaps toxoplasmosis
Use liquid formulation, wait 2 days then

repeat
Wait 2 days then repeat

contraindications)
Feed
Drink
Feed
PO
PO
Drink
Drink
Drink
Feed
Feed
PO
Drink
Drink
Drink
Drink
Drink
Drink
Drink
Drink
Drink
2 g/L
2 g/L
2 g/L
3.33-6.66 g/L
3.33-6.66 g/L
1.1 g/L
1.1 g/L
PO
Drink
Drink
Drink
Drink
Drink
IM
Drink
Drink
ROUTE
7
0.15 g/L
0.15 g/L
1 g/L
0.15 g/L
0.15 g/L
83-125
0.15 g/L
0.125 g/L
Avian
Avian
Sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
319
Topical
Drink
0.56 g/L
1 g/L
50
0.045 g/L
40
3g
Dilute solution
10-15
Poultry
Pigeon
Avian
Galliformes
Avian
Psittacine
Ramphastid
Avian
Sulfathiazole Sodium
Sulfatroxazole
Sulfonamide
Tamoxifen Citrate
Tannic Acid
Tannic Acid
Tea
Terbinafine
QD-BID
QD
q2w
PRN
NL
QD
BID
QD
q4d
QD
QD
QD
q4d
QD
QD
QD
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
1668
1470
1446
1240
677
924
565
564
1479
1479
1479
1479
1479
1650
1650
1492
1492
C.I.** REFERENCE
May combine with itraconazole for systemic

mycosis
Prevent hemochromatosis by limiting iron

uptake, no citrus in diet
Add aspirin + ethyl alcohol to prepare 100

ml for fungal dermatitis
Add 3 g tannic acid + 3 g salicylic acid +
ethyl alcohol for 100 ml of solution for
dermatomycosis
Induce molting
Repeat after 2 days for coccidiosis
Add trimethoprim
Coccidial preventive
Repeat after 3 days, coccidiosis therapy
Coccidial preventive for replacement/breeder

8 to 12-week old broilers
Coccidial preventive for replacement/breeder

0 to 8-week old broilers
Coccidial preventive for market broilers
For coccidiosis
For coccidiosis
For coccidiosis
For coccidiosis

contraindications)
PO
Topical
NL
Drink
PO
Drink
Drink
Drink
Feed
Feed
Poultry
0.55 g/kg feed
Chicken
Feed
0.56 g/L
0.5 g/kg feed
Chicken
Drink
Poultry
0.1 g/L
Avian
Feed
Drink
Sulfaquinoxaline +
Diaveridine
Sulfaquinoxaline +
Diaveridine
0.1 g/kg food
Avian
0.33 g/kg feed
0.1 g/L
Avian
Feed
Chicken
0.1 g/kg feed
Avian
Sulfaquinoxaline +
Diaveridine
Sulfaquinoxaline +
Diaveridine
Sulfaquinoxaline +
Diaveridine
Sulfaquinoxaline +
Diaveridine
Sulfaquinoxaline +
Diaveridine
Sulfaquinoxaline +
Diaveridine
ROUTE
Sulfaquinoxaline +
Diaveridine
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
320
10
8
2.5
8
250 IU
0.031-0.124 g/L
200-250
1.25 ml/L
30-60
0.04-0.12 g/L
55-110 mg/kg food
220 mg/kg food
0.549 g/L
50 mg TD
60
50
1 g/L soft food
220 mg/kg food
55-110 mg/kg food
550
100
250-500
200
100
250-500
5 g/kg food
44
100
100
44
100-200
Avian
Avian
Canary
Psittacine
Falcon, Saker
Avian
Avian
Avian
Galliformes
Pheasant
Pheasant
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Poultry
Psittacine
Psittacine
Quail
Quail
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Chicken
Chicken
Crane
Falcon
Pigeon
Raptor
Testosterone
Testosterone
Testosterone
Testosterone Cypionate
Tetanus Antitoxin
Tetracycline
Tetracycline
Tetracycline
Tetracycline
Tetracycline
Tetracycline
Tetracycline
Tetracycline
Tetracycline
Tetracycline
Tetracycline
Tetracycline
Tetracycline
Tetracycline
Thiabendazole
Thiabendazole
Thiabendazole
Thiabendazole
Thiabendazole
Thiabendazole
Thiabendazole
Thiabendazole
Thiabendazole
Thiabendazole
Thiabendazole
Thiabendazole
NL
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
Feed
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
Drink
PO
Drink
Drink
Feed
Feed
Drink
Drink
PO
Drink
PO
Feed
Feed
Feed
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
PO
Nebulize
PO
ROUTE
NL
QD
q2w
q10d
QD
q10d
QD
Once
QW-q2w
Once
Once
BID
NL
BID
NL
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
QD
TID
Once
QD
QD
QD
QW
QW
QW
QW
QD-BID
TID
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
E
E
E
G
G
G
G
E
G
G
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
G
C
E
E
G
G
E
E
D
E
G
G
E
1325
111
111
924
1309
1309
1325
1325
1361
1325
1325
1400
111
111
741
704
678
678
704
1240
47
705
565
763
678
678
822
924
1473
1441
1240
1338
1743
1359
C.I.** REFERENCE
For thorny headed worms

For Syngamus
For ascarids
For Syngamus, Amidostomum
For Syngamus trachei
For ascarids
For ascarids, Capillaria and gapeworms
For Ascarids, Capillaria and gapeworms
For intestinal strongyles, ascarids
For Ascarids, Capillaria and gapeworms
Control of nematodes, may interfere with egg
laying
May add long-lasting oxytetracycline
50%, 2.5 g per teaspoon

Remove grit from diet during treatment
Loading dose of 125 IU each IV and IM in

lesion for localized tetanus
For baldness
Use with great care
For feather disorders
For mycosis
For respiratory aspergillosis
Prophylactic

contraindications)
10-15
1g/L aqueous
30
Avian
Parrot, Grey Congo
Raptor
Terbinafine
Terbinafine
Terbinafine
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
321
25 mg/kg fish
25
1-2
0.2 g/kg fish
1-2
1-2
100 g/L
1-3
1-3
1-2
2
0.2-0.25 g/kg fish
25
1
16.2
10-12.5
54
16.2
1 IU TD
0.1 U TD
1 U TD
1 U TD
1-2 IU/kg
25-50
1.08 mg/kcal
25
0.25 g/L
25-30
Anseriformes
Anseriformes
Avian
Bird, Piscivorous
Bird, Piscivorous
Crane
Duck
Eagle, Bald
Osprey
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Chicken
Chicken
Duck, Mallard
Turkey
Amazon Parrot
Cockatiel
Parrot, Grey
Pigeon
Psittacine
Avian
Avian
Avian
Chicken
Galliformes
Thiamine
Thiamine
Thiamine
Thiamine
Thiamine
Thiamine
Thiamine
Thiamine
Thiamine
Thiamine
Thiamine
Thiamine
Thiamine
Thiamine
Thiopental Sodium
Thiopental Sodium
Thiopental Sodium
Thiopental Sodium
Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone
Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone
Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone
Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone
Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone
PO
PO
PO
Drink
Drink
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
NL
PO
IM
NL
NL
PO
PO
Feed
IM
IM
Feed
Feed
IM-PO
Feed
PO
PO
Drink
NL
PO
ROUTE
QD
QD
QD
NL
QD
NL
Once
NL
Once
Once
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
QW
QW
QD
QW
QD
NL
NL
Once
QD
Once
QD
QD
QD
QD
NL
Once
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
B
E
B
B
B
B
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
565
1180
1492
857
704
1473
88
533
88
88
1080
1126
1095
1080
1188
1188
111
1068
1132
1433
1463
1190
46
1650
1554
1554
111
1358
418
1325
C.I.** REFERENCE
For mycoplasmosis
For Mycoplasma
Use 1/2 strength for prophylaxis
Add pentobarbital sodium
Add pentobarbital sodium
While feeding frozen fish

For fish diets
If eating frozen fish

If eating frozen fish
For stargazing and weight loss in ducklings
Supplement for fish eaters

For hypovitaminosis B1
For fish diet
For fish diet

contraindications)
Tiamulin
Tiamulin
Tiamulin
Tiamulin
Tiamulin
50
44
Ratite
Turkey
Thiabendazole
Thiabendazole
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
322
5-10
2
15-20
20-22
2-3
30
2.64-25.2
50-75
5-10
15
2
2-3
5-10
22
6.6
2
6.6-8.8
2.7
15
Avian
Avian
Budgerigar
Budgerigar
Cassowary
Chicken
Cockatoo, G Sulfur-crested
Dove, Ring-necked
Duck
Eagle, Bald
Egret, Cattle
Emu
Emu
Flamingo
Flamingo, Chilean
Gannet
Goose, Lesser Magellan
Goose, White-fronted
Hawk
Hornbill, Rhinoceros
Ibis, Wood
Jabirus
Macaw, Scarlet
Osprey
Ostrich
Ostrich
Ostrich
Tiletamine + Zolazepam
IM
IM
IV
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IV
IM
IM
IV
IM
IM
IM
IM
NL
IV
IV
IM
IM
IM
IV
IM
IM
NL
IV
IM-IV
IM-IV
IM
IM-IV
IM
Drink
ROUTE
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
Once
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
TID-QID
q2-4h
TID
BID-TID
BID-QID
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
G
G
E
B
G
B
B
G
E
E
E
G
E
B
G
B
E
D
E
E
E
G
B
E
B
B
D
E
E
E
G
E
518
518
1617
1393
518
522
1393
481
1181, 1231
1617
243
518
1533
1737
518
1393
243
1401
1617
1533
1617
518
1393
1617
1393
1393
1401
1617
111
1180
1027
590
565
704
C.I.** REFERENCE
Add diazepam just prior to recovery for

captive animal
Chick dosage
Induction for gas anesthesia
May cause salivation and poor

immobilization
Supplement with 15 mg/kg ketamine

Good immobilization

contraindications)
28.7
11
2
4.4-11
9.26-17.6
5-20
4-5
5-10
150-200
5.1 mg/kcal
200
200
200
Avian
Avian
Raptors
Pigeon
Psittacine
Ticarcillin
Ticarcillin
Ticarcillin
Ticarcillin
Ticarcillin
Tiletamine + Zolazepam Albatross
0.225 g/L
Pigeon
Tiamulin
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
323
22-35
44
0.075 g/L
0.25-0.5 g/L
0.1-0.3 g/L
50
10
5
5 g/L
2.5-5
10
2.5-5
2.5-5
5-10
2.5-5
5-10
Parakeet, Ring-necked
Parrot, Patagonian
Partridge, Crested Wood
Pea Fowl
Pelican
Pheasant, Golden
Pigeon
Pigeon
Plover
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Ratite
Stork
Swan, Black
Teal, Blue-winged
Woodcock
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Crane
Parrot, Grey
Pheasant
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Tilmicosin
Tilmicosin
Tilmicosin
Tinidazole
Tobramycin
Tobramycin
Tobramycin
Tobramycin
Tobramycin
Tobramycin
Tobramycin
Tobramycin
Tobramycin
Tobramycin
Tobramycin
IM
IM
IM
Nebulize
IM
IM
IM
IM
IT
IM
IM-IV
Drink
Drink
Drink
PO
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IV
IM
IM
IM
IM
NL
IM
IM
IM
IM
NL
NL
ROUTE
BID
BID-TID
BID-TID
TID
BID
TID
BID
BID
QD
BID
BID
NL
NL
NL
NL
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
Once
PRN
PRN
PRN
NL
PRN
NL
PRN
PRN
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
A
B
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
E
B
B
B
G
D
E
D
G
E
D
234
565
704
741
1473
741
1473
111
741
1240
1400
804
768
798
57
1393
518
1393
518
1393
518
1617
1393
1393
1737
518
1401
1240
1400
418
243
1401
1401
C.I.** REFERENCE
Add carbenicillin for pneumonia

For resistant Pseudomonas
Less nephrotoxic than other aminoglycosides
Possible polyuria
For sinusitis or airsacculitis
For Mycoplasma
For Mycoplasma
Supplement with ketamine PRN

Sedation
Supplement with 6.6 mg/kg ketamine PRN
Provides good immobilization
Supplement with 10 mg/kg ketamine PRN

contraindications)
10
26
11
10
11.3
2
16.6
40-60
30-60
17.6
10
5-10
10-20
2-5
2-5
6.6
10
Owl
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
324
15
1
15
0.0125 g/L
7
0.15 g/L
0.090 mg/kcal
7-10
6
25
25
25
25
12.5
0.025 g/L
2 g/kg grain
0.025 g/L
125
125
100-158
125
40-44 g/L bait
1.5 g/L (0.15%)
5 g/L
5 g/L
0.048 g/L
Avian
Ostrich
Raptor
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Chicken
Chicken
Falcon
Kestrel, European
Kiwi
Mynah, Bali
Turkey
Bird, Seed-eater
Bird, Seed-eater
Booby
Cormorant
Duck, Mallard
Frigatebird, Magnificent
Turkey
Raptors
Avian
Avian
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Tolazoline HCl
Tolazoline HCl
Tolazoline HCl
Toltrazuril
Toltrazuril
Toltrazuril
Toltrazuril
Toltrazuril
Toltrazuril
Toltrazuril
Toltrazuril
Toltrazuril
Toltrazuril
Toltrazuril
Toltrazuril
Tribromoethanol
Tribromoethanol
Tribromoethanol
Tribromoethanol
Tribromoethanol
Tribromoethanol
Tribromoethanol
Trichlorfon
Tricide
Tricide
Trimethoprim + Sulfa
IM
IM
PO-SC
Drink
Topical
Flush
Topical
Feed
Feed
PO
PO
PO
PO
Feed
PO
PO
PO
PO
PO
Drink
Drink
PO
Drink
PO
PO
PO
IV
IV
IV
ROUTE
BID
QD
BID
QD
NL
NL
NL
Once
Once
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
Once
QD
QW
QD
Once
QD
QD
QD
QD
NL
QD
QD
QD
PRN
PRN
PRN
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
B
B
B
B
G
G
B
B
G
D
B
D
D
E
E
E
E
G
G
1434
1434
1483
1240
1278
1278
1408
4
4
1081
1081
1095
1081
1767
564
1134
1131
1223
1438
1025
1150
1221
1180
1180
1554
1479
481
201
1320
C.I.** REFERENCE
Emergency therapy
For nephritis, septicemia, hepatitis. For E.

coli, Pasteurella, Proteus, Salmonella, Listeria
Spray on wounds and dermatitis

Sinus flush, add antibiotic to solution,
potentiates antibiotics amikacin, neomycin,
enrofloxacin
Spray for mites
Add amylene hydrate

Corn is usual bait
Add amylene hydrate

Add amylene hydrate
Add chloralose
For Caryospora infestation

For Caryospora infection
For coccidiosis
For coccidiosis
Coccidiostatic
For coccidiosis
May repeat after 5 days for treatment and
control of Eimeria coccidiosis
For coccidiosis
Antiprotozoal
Reverse xylazine +detomidine +

medetomidine
Reverse xylazine

contraindications)
25
50
30-60
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
325
0.05-0.1 g/L
0.1 g/kg food
0.2 g/kg food
0.15-0.4 g/L
46-62
0.3-0.7 g/kg
15
0.2 g/L
Canary
Canary
Canary
Canary
Chicken
Goose
Ostrich
Passerine
Passerine
Penguin, African
Pigeon
Poultry
Poultry
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Trimethoprim +
Sulfadiazine
Trimethoprim +
PO
PO
PO
IM
SC
PO
IM
PO
PO
PO
Drink
PO
Feed
IM
Drink
Feed
Drink
Feed
Feed
Drink
Drink
PO
Drink
PO
Drink
IM
IM
ROUTE
BID
BID
QD
QD-BID
BID
BID-TID
BID
BID
QD
BID
QD
BID-TID
QD
QD
QD
Once
QD
QD
Once
NL
QD
BID
NL
BID
QD
BID
BID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
G
G
E
G
E
G
G
E
G
E
E
E
E
E
A
G
E
E
E
E
E
1433
1400
94
1309
1240
1756
1240
128
704
585
585
1240
1437
401
1437
776
695
695
1187
1187
1023
1319
1180
1431
1431
1431
1240
C.I.** REFERENCE
Do not use on dehydrated birds

For coccidiosis, repeat after 2 days
Juvenile dosage
Use lower dosage for birds under 300 g for

bacterial nephritis
For respiratory and enteric infections


Dosage based on trimethoprim, add drug to

food at the same time
Dosage based on trimethoprim, add drug to
drink at the same time
For Pasteurella multocida, trimethoprim to sulfa

ratio 1:5
Dosage based on trimethoprim

Dosage based on trimethoprim only
Dosage based on trimethoprim only

For coccidiosis
For coccidiosis
For coccidiosis

contraindications)
20-50
60
17.5
52.8
30
16-100
110
120
55
0.3-0.5 g/L
20
0.2 g/kg
50-100
0.15-0.4 g/L
20-50
1 g/L
10
8-30
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bustard
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
326
16-24
8
60
3 g/L
20-30
20
10 g/L
0.75 g/L
0.86 mg/kcal
1.08 mg/kcal
10 g/L saline
10 g/L saline
15
Psittacine
Psittacine
Pigeon
Raptor
Anseriformes
Anseriformes
Anseriformes
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Bustard, Houbara
Canary
Canary
Chicken
Chicken
Cockatiel
Tubocurarine Cl
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
BID
BID
BID-TID
BID
BID
QD
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
QD
BID
TID
QD
Once
NL
BID
BID
TID-QID
TID
TID
QD
NL
TID-QID
QD
BID
BID
TID
Ophthalmic BID-TID
Drink
IM
IM
Drink
Feed
Drink
IM
IM
Nebulize
IM
PO
Flush
Drink
IM
PO
Flush
Nebulize
IM
Ophthalmic NL
PO
IM
PO
IM
IM
PO
ROUTE
E
G
E
E
A
E
E
D
D
D
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
A
111
1016
1503
932
695
1187
838
1650
1617
1650
1150
1150
1150
1180
1180
1180
1183
1185
1240
111
968
1473
1473
234
1308
968
C.I.** REFERENCE
For Mycoplasma gallisepticum , less effective

than danofloxacin
Add colistin for chronic respiratory disease
with E. coli
Mix powder with sterile water 1 to 10
Nasal or sinus
10 to 60 minutes
For birds > 1 kg for upper respiratory
infection for Mycoplasma, Pasteurella,
Chlamydophila
For Mycoplasma
Add dimethyl sulfoxide, adjunct to parenteral
therapy for air sacculitis
May use with lincomycin + spectinomycin
for mycoplasmosis
For Mycoplasma
For Mycoplasma
For mycoplasmosis
For mycoplasmosis
For mycoplasmosis, use 10 ml per bird
Every 5 minutes
For toxoplasmosis

contraindications)
Mix powder 1:10
0.25 g/L
10
20
0.25-0.4 g/L
0.4 g/kg food
0.5 g/L
10-40
10
10 g/L
50
30-50
60
Raptor
Ratite
Pigeon
Trimethoprim +
Sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim +
Sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim +
Sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim +
Sulfatroxazole
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
327
20-40
15-25
15
20
12.5 mg TD
50 mg TD
100-200 KIU/kg
20-600 KIU/kg
0.5 g/L
0.0004-0.0016
1 drop 4mg/ml soln
Crane
Emu
Falcon
Finch
Finch
Finch, House
Finch, House
Ostrich
Passerine
Passerine, Small
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Pigeon
Psittacine
Psittacine
Psittacine
Quail
Raptor
Raptor
Rhea
Rhea
Hawk, Red-tailed
Pigeon
Chicken
Sparrow, House
Avian
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Tylosin
Urate Oxidase
Urate Oxidase
Valnemulin
Vasotocin, Arginine
Vecuronium Bromide
PRN
QD
NL
NL
TID
TID-QID
QD
BID
Once
QD
NL
TID
TID-QID
TID
QD
QD
QD
QD
TID
QD
NL
QID
TID-QID
QD
QD
TID-QID
BID-TID
QD-TID
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
Ophthalmic q15min
IV
Drink
NL
NL
IM
IM
IM
IM
Parenteral
SC
IM
SC
IM
IM
Feed
Drink
Drink
Drink
PO
Drink
Drink
IM
IM
PO
Drink
IM
Ophthalmic
Topical
ROUTE
A
A
E
E
D
G
G
G
A
E
E
E
E
D
D
G
E
E
A
E
E
E
E
E
1233
1759
873
1761
1761
1240
1473
1612
234
582
582
763
596
1473
1027
1572
1572
1439
1439
467
1437
1187
847
111
704
704
1473
111
741
C.I.** REFERENCE
Dosage is dosage per minute, used for

antidiuresis
For Mycoplasma
Uricolytic
Uricolytic
Into distended sinus

Add penicillin G benzathine
For chronic air sacculitis
Initial Mycoplasma therapy, used in

combination with aminoglycosides
Mix powder with sterile water 1 to 10
Add ciprofloxacin for mycoplasmosis

Preventive for mycoplasmosis
For Mycoplasma
Eye spray, powder 250 g/8.8 oz,

conjunctivitis, may use with tylosin in water

contraindications)
40
15
15-25
30
0.4 g/kg food
0.25-0.4 g/L
1 g/L
0.3 g/L
11.4
0.25-0.4 g/L
0.25-0.4 g/L
25
15-25
50
0.5 g/L
15-25
Mix powder 1:10
1:10 dilution water
Cockatiel
Tylosin
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
328
60-120 ml/L
22 mg/kg food
20 KIU/kg
< 50 KIU/kg
< 20 KIU/kg
1
1-3
10
10-30
6.6 KIU/kg
40
0.05-0.1
0.1 KIU/kg oil fish
0.2-0.3 KIU/kg
Avian
Poultry
Amazon, Red Lored

Avian
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Hawk, Red-tailed
Psittacine
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Avian
Bird, Aquatic
Ostrich
Vinegar, Apple Cider
Virginiamycin
Vitamin A
Vitamin A
Vitamin A
Vitamin B Complex
Vitamin B Complex
Vitamin B Complex
Vitamin B Complex
Vitamin B Complex
Vitamin B Complex
Vitamin B Complex
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin E
Vitamin E
Vitamin E
PO
IM-SC
Parenteral
IM
IM
IM
NL
IM
Feed
Drink
NL
QW
Once
NL
Once
QW
q2d
Once
QW
NL
QW
NL
Once
Once
QW
QD
QD
QD
QD
E
E
E
G
G
E
E
G
E
E
D
E
924
1650
1478
93
58
1240
1240
1644
1503
1697
1470
1650
700
1481
1400
564
1487
1330
1205
1470
218
C.I.** REFERENCE
Juvenile dose
Antioxidant, metal toxicity

For hypovitaminosis E
Add calcium gluconate + oxytocin
Dosage based on thiamine, neuromuscular

disease, hepatic disorders, thiamineresponsive seizures
Dosage based on thiamine, stimulate appetite
Dosage based on thiamine

After hemorrhage with liver disease
Dosage based on thiamine for emergency
care
For debilitation, anemia, appetite stimulant,
neurological disorders
Dosage based on thiamine for debilitation
For clinical deficiency

For hypovitaminosis A and epithelial
regeneration (bumblefoot)
For dysbiosis, candidiasis, chronic bacterial

diarrhea, Gram negative infections, foul smell
feces
For low-grade candidiasis

For dysbiosis, Clostridium , GI tract bacteriosis
For lymphosarcoma - Check curent literature

contraindications)
IM-PO
Parenteral
Feed
IM
IM
IM
10-30 (thiamine dose) IM
10
10-30
15 ml/L
60-120 ml/L
Avian
Avian

Drink
Drink
IO
0.75 mg/m2 surface
Avian
Vincristine Sulfate
QW
Ophthalmic NL
0.8 g/L
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
Cockatoo
ROUTE
Vecuronium Bromide
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
329
1 mg Se, 25 mg E
0.05-0.1
4-100 KIU TD
0.2
0.2-2.2
0.2-2.5
0.025-2.5
0.2-2.5
0.2
0.25-0.5
36.3 KIU/kg
33 KIU Vit A/kg
33-66 KIU/kg
1-2
1-2 mg TD
Amazon, Red Lored

Avian
Ostrich
Raptor
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Lory, Chattering
Psittacine
Avian
Pigeon
Psittacine
Amazon Parrot
Amazon Parrot
Avian
Avian
Avian
Budgerigar
Cassowary
Cassowary
Cockatiel
Crane
Emu
Falcon
Vitamin E + Selenium
Vitamin K
Vitamin K
Vitamin K
Vitamin K
Vitamin K
Vitamin K
Vitamin K
Vitamins A, D, E
Vitamins A, D, E
Vitamins A, D, E
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
IM
IM
NL
IV
IM
IM
IV
IV
IM
IM
IM
IV
IM
IM
IM
Parenteral
IM
IM
NL
Parenteral
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
SC
ROUTE
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
QW
QW
QW
NL
q4-8h
PRN
BID
NL
BID
q2d-QW
Once
q2w
QM
q3d
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
E
G
G
E
F
G
G
E
G
E
G
E
243
243
1189
1617
1617
243
1617
1431
704
1181
243
1609
590
1240
111
1697
87
1151
58
246
42
632
700
111
401
1240
C.I.** REFERENCE
Add ketamine, good for short surgical

procedures, must reverse
Add ketamine
Add ketamine, use yohimbine to shorten
recovery
recovery
Add ketamine
Add ketamine for anesthesia
recovery
Add ketamine
Add ketamine
Add ketamine, mix together in syringe, may
start with half dose
Add ketamine
Add ketamine, reverse with atipamezole,
prolonged recovery if not reversed
Give 33 KIU vitamin A + 3.3 KIU vitamin

D per kg
Dosage based on Vitamin A
For deficiencies, reproductive disorders and
bone healing
Neonate dosage
Follow with daily dose for 1 to 4 weeks

For hematochezia
Give every 2 to 3 weeks
0.05 mg selenium + 3.4 IU vitamin E total

dose for muscular weakness, capture
myopathy, deficiency

contraindications)
2.5
1
0.25
6.5
0.25
2.2
4
2.2
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
330
0.28
N/A
1
0.1-0.2
0.1
0.125-1
0.11-0.27
0.2
0.2
1
0.15
Psittacine
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Raptor
Ratite
Ratite
Ratite
Ratite
Stork
Swan (Black, Mute)
Swan, Mute
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Avian
Budgerigar
Cassowary
Emu
Guinea Fowl
Guinea Fowl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Yeast Cell Derivatives
Yohimbine HCl
Yohimbine HCl
Yohimbine HCl
Yohimbine HCl
Yohimbine HCl
Yohimbine HCl
Yohimbine HCl
Yohimbine HCl
Yohimbine HCl
IO-IV
IV
NL
NL
IM
IV
IV
IV
NL
Topical
IV
IM
IM
IM
Parenteral
IM
IV
IV
IV
IM
IM
IV
IM
IM-IV
NL
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM-IV
ROUTE
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
Once
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
E
E
E
E
G
E
E
B
D
E
E
E
G
E
G
E
G
D
E
E
G
B
G
E
G
E
243
1181
1231
1481
83
1533
1617
553
1401
111
1190
4
4
243
418
243
1291
1174
1174
1573
201
1401
4
1240
1388
447
283
243
1481
1240
C.I.** REFERENCE
Antagonize ketamine/xylazine anesthesia
Shorten ketamine + xylazine anesthesia

To shorten xylazine recovery
Reverse xylazine
Reversal of xylazine
Reverse xylazine
Promote skin healing, Preparation H
Add ketamine
Add ketamine
Add acepromazine + etorphine
Add carfentanil
Add ketamine
Add butorphanol + ketamine for surgery
Use in combination with ketamine 1:3 or 1:5,
reverse with yohimbine
Sedation for small birds at high dosages
Sedation, small psittacine
Add ketamine
Add ketamine
Use in combination with ketamine 1:3 or 1:5,
reverse with yohimbine
Add ketamine for diurnal raptors, lasts 1
hour
Add ketamine, lower dosage regimen
produces less respiratory disturbance
Add ketamine
Immobilization
Add ketamine after 15 minutes
Heavy sedation
Sedation
Add ketamine, give 3/4 dose initially,
remainder if needed, gas anesthesia premed

contraindications)
2.2
1-2.2
0.5-1
1-2.2
0.2-0.4
2 mg TD
0.25-0.5
1-10
1-10
0.5
3
1-2.2
2.2
0.66
150 mg TD
1.5
10
1-2.2
Hawk
Ostrich
Ostrich
Parrot, Grey
Pigeon
Psittacine
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
Xylazine HCl
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
331
0.125
12.5 mg TD
0.125
0.1-0.2
0.1-0.2
0.1
0.125
1 ml/kg
1.25-2.5 ml TD
12 mg TD
25
Ostrich
Ostrich
Ostrich
Psittacine
Raptor
Raptor
Ratite
Avian
Avian
Ostrich
Raptor
Yohimbine HCl
Yohimbine HCl
Yohimbine HCl
Yohimbine HCl
Yohimbine HCl
Yohimbine HCl
Yohimbine HCl
Yunnan Paiyao
Yunnan Paiyao
Zeranol
Zinc Methionine
PO
SC
PO
PO
NL
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
NL
ROUTE
QD
NL
BID
QD
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
PRN
DOSAGE
INTERVAL
D
G
G
E
E
G
G
1359
283
1112
1435
1401
283
481
1240
1240
201
418
1401
C.I.** REFERENCE
Antioxidant therapy, administer during lead

chelation therapy
Implant growth promotion
Mix with 3 (cockatiel) to 10 (macaw) ml

water, use 1 day pre-operative, also use as
topical flush
Stock solution 2 capsules per 15 ml lactulose
Reverse xylazine
Reverse xylazine
Reverse xylazine
Antagonist for xylazine
Antagonize ketamine/xylazine anesthesia

contraindications)
0.1
Hawk, Red-tailed
Yohimbine HCl
DOSAGE (mg/kg
unless otherwise
stated)
SPECIES
DRUG NAME
332
333
Abbreviations
Abbreviation Translation
<
less than
IN
intranasal
>
greater than
indef
indefinite
>=
greater than or equal
IO
intraosseous
Bath
1 day or more in therapeutic liquid
IO-IP-IT-IV
BID
two times daily
intraosseous or intraperitoneal or intratracheal or

intravenous
BID-q2d
two times daily to every two days
IO-IP-IV-SC
intraosseous or intraperitoneal or intravenous or

subcutaneous
BID-QID
two to four times daily
BID-TID
two to three times daily
IO-IT-IV
intraosseous or intratracheal or intravenous
cm
square centimeter
IO-IV
intraosseous or intravenous
cm
cubic centimeter
IO-IV-SC
intraosseous or intravenous or subcutaneous
day
IP
intraperitoneal or intracoelomic or intrapleuroperitoneal
d>w
days to weeks
IP-IM
intraperitoneal or intramuscular
Dip
less than 1 day in therapeutic liquid
IP-IV
intraperitoneal or intravenous
doses
number of doses to give
IP-IV-PO
intraperitoneal or intravenous or by mouth
Drink
drinking water
IP-IV-SC
intraperitoneal or intravenous or subcutaneous
Epidural
epidural injection
IP-PO
intraperitoneal or by mouth
Feed
include in feed
IP-SC
intraperitoneal or subcutaneous
Flow
constant flow
IT
intratracheal
Flush
flush
IT-IV
intratracheal or intravenous
Fog
fog the environment
IT-IV-PO
intratracheal, intravenous and orally
gram
IU
International Units
ga
gauge
IUt
intrauterine
GI
gastrointestinal
IV
intravenous
gr
grain
IV-PO
intravenous or by mouth
hour
IV-PO-SC
intravenous or by mouth or subcutaneous
IA
intraarticular
IV-SC
intravenous or subcutaneous
IA-IM
intraarticular or intramuscular
kcal
kilocalories
ICa
intracardiac
kg
kilogram
ICa-IP-IV
intracardiac or intraperitoneal or intravenous
KHz
kilohertz
ICr
intracranial
KIU
thousand International Units
ID
intradermal
liter
IH
inhalation
life
lifelong therapy
IM
intramuscular
long
long therapy regimen
IM-IN-IO-IV
intramuscular or intranasal or intraosseous or

intravenous
month
square meter
intramuscular or intranasal or intravenous
cubic meter
intramuscular or intraosseous or intratracheal or

intravenous
MD
maximum dose
mEq
milliequivalent
IM-IO-IV
intramuscular or intraosseous or intravenous
mg
milligram
IM-IP
intramuscular or intraperitoneal
min
minute
IM-IP-IV
intramuscular or intraperitoneal or intravenous
MIU
million International Units
IM-IP-IV-SC
intramuscular or intravenous or intraperitoneal or

subcutaneous
ml
milliliter
mm
square millimeter
IM-IP-PO
intramuscular or intraperitoneal or by mouth
mmol
millimoles
IM-IP-PO-SC
intramuscular or intraperitoneal or by mouth or

subcutaneous
mol
molar solution
months
for several months
normal solution
nebulize
nebulization
NL
not listed
once
give single dose
intramuscular or intravenous or subcutaneous
ophthalmic
in the eye
intramuscular or by mouth
oz
ounce
IM-PO-SC
intramuscular or by mouth or subcutaneous
Parenteral-PO parenteral or by mouth
IM-SC
intramuscular or subcutaneous
PO
by mouth
intramuscular or topical
PO-SC
by mouth or subcutaneous
IM-IN-IV
IM-IO-IT-IV
IM-IP-SC
intramuscular or intraperitoneal or subcutaneous
IM-IV
intramuscular or intravenous
IM-IV-PO
intramuscular or intravenous or by mouth
IM-IV-PO-SC
intramuscular or intravenous or by mouth or

subcutaneous
IM-IV-SC
IM-PO
IM-Topical
PO-SC-Topical by mouth or subcutaneous or topical
334
PO-Topical
by mouth or apply topically
q5h
every five hours
ppm
parts per million
q5min
every five minutes
ppt
parts per thousand
q60h
every sixty hours
PRN
as needed
q6d
every six days
q10-14d
every ten to fourteen days
q6m
every six months
q10d
every ten days
q6m-QA
every six months to every year
q1-2h
every one to two hours
q6w
every six weeks
q1-4h
every one to four hours
q7w
every seven weeks
q15min
every fifteen minutes
QA
every year
q2-3d
every two days to three days
QD
every day
q2-3h
every two to three hours
QD-BID
every day to two times daily
q2-3w
every two to three weeks
QD-q2d
every day or every two days
q2-4d
every two days to four days
QD-q3d
every day to every three days
q2-4h
every two to four hours
QD-QID
every day to four times daily
q2-4w
every two weeks to four weeks
QD-QW
every day to every week
q2-5d
every two days to five days
QD-TID
every day to three times daily
q2-6h
every two to six hours
QH
every hour
q2d
every two days
QID
four times daily
q2d-QW
every two days to every week
QM
every month
q2h
every two hours
QM-q2m
every month to every two months
q2m
every two months
qow
every other week
q2w
every two weeks
QS
add sufficient quantity
q30min
every thirty minutes
QW
every week
q33h
every thirty three hours
QW-q10d
every week to ten days
q3-4d
every three to four days
QW-q2w
ever week to every two weeks
q3-4h
every three to four hours
QW-q3w
every week to every three weeks
q3-4w
every three to four weeks
r10d
repeat in ten days
q3-5d
every three to five days
r2m
repeat in two months
q36h
every thirty six hours
r2w
repeat in two weeks
q3-6h
every three to six hours
r6m
repeat in six months
q3-6w
every three to six weeks
r7-10d
repeat in seven to ten days
q3-7d
every three to seven days
ra
repeat annually
q3-8h
every three to eight hours
rm
repeat in one month
q3d
every three days
rw
repeat in one week
q3d-q2w
every 3 days to two weeks
SC
subcutaneous
q3d-QW
every three days to every week
SCJ
subconjunctival
q3h
every three hours
SC-Topical
subcutaneous or topical
q3m
every three months
sec
second
q3w
every three weeks
short
short therapy regimen
q4-5d
every four to five days
slowly
administer slowly
q4-5h
every four to five hours
soln
solution
q4-6d
every four to six days
TD
total dose
q4-6h
every four to six hours
TID
three times daily
q4-6m
every four to six months
TID-q2d
three times daily to every two days
q4-6w
every four to six weeks
TID-QID
three to four times daily
q4-8h
every four to eight hours
topical
apply topically
q4d
every four days
vapor
vapor in enclosure
q4d-QW
every four days to weekly
vent
anus, rectum or cloaca
q4h
every four hours
week
q4m
every four months
weeks
for several weeks
q5d
every five days
year
q5d-QW
every five days to every week
microgram
References
4. Fowler M: Restraint And Handling
of Wild And Domestic Animals.
Iowa State University Press Ames
2 1995.
6. Kollias G: Diets feeding practices
and nutritional problems in
psittacine birds. Vet Med 90 29-39
1995.
16. Orosz S: Fungal and mycobacterial diseases. Proc N Am Vet Conf
Eastern States Vet Assoc
Gainesville FL 569-70 1995.
30. Miller P, Langenberg J, et al:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated corneal ulcers in captive
cranes. J Am Assoc Zoo Vet 25
449-54 1995.
31. Law J, Tully T, et al: Verminous
encephalitis apparently caused by
the Filaroid nematode in emus.
Avian Dis 37 597-601 1993.
32. Ramsay E, Vulliet R: Pharmacokinetic properties of gentamicin and amikacin in the cockatiel.
Avian Dis 37 628-634 1993.
40. Coleman C and Oliver R
Lymphosarcoma in a blue and
gold macaw and a mature canary
J Assoc Avian Vet 8 64-8 1994.
41. Wack R, Kramer L, et al:
Cardiomegaly and endocardial
fibrosis in a secretary bird. J Assoc
Avian Vet 8 76-80 1994.
42. Orcutt C, Bartick T: Mucormycotic meningoencephalitis and
pneumonia in a chattering lory. J
Assoc Avian Vet 8 85-9 1994.
43. Ramsay E, Grindlinger H: Treatment of obsessive behavior with
clomipramine J Assoc Avian Vet. 8
9-15 1994.
44. Oglesbee B, Oglesbee M: Feather
dystrophy in a cockatiel. J Assoc
Avian Vet 8 16-20 1994.
45. Clyde V, Kollias G: Diet associated
gout in juvenile macaws. Proc Am
Assoc Zoo Vet 90 1989.
46. Pokras M: Captive management of
aquatic birds. AAV Today 2 24-33
1988.
47. Marx D: Preventive medicine for
pigeons AAV Today 2 41-43 1988.
48. Dustin L: Clinical conditions in
pet canary practice. J Assoc Avian
Vet 4 80-2 1990.
49. Haneveld M, Dorrestein G:
Sudden high mortality in
canaries. J Assoc Avian Vet 4 82
1990.
50. Porter S and Snead S Pesticide
poisoning in birds of prey J Assoc
Avian Vet 4 84-5 1990.
51. Degernes L, Talbot B, et.al.
Raptor foot care J Assoc Avian Vet
4 93-5 1990.
52. Rode J, Bartholow S, et al:
Ventilation through an air sac
canula during tracheal obstruction in ducks. J Assoc Avian Vet 4
98-102 1990.
53. Wheeler C: Avian anesthetics analgesics and tranquilizers. Bauck, L:
Semin Avian Exotic Pet Med, WB
Saunders, Philadelphia 2 7-12
1993.
54. Huff D: Fluid therapy and nutritional therapeutics. Bauck, L:
1993.
55. Bauck L, Hoefer H: Avian antimicrobial therapy. Bauck, L: Semin
Avian Exotic Pet Med, WB
1993.
56. Prus S: Avian antifungal therapy.
Bauck, L: Semin Avian Exotic Pet

Med WB Saunders, Philadelphia 2
30-32 1993.
57. Marshal R: Avian anthelmintics
and antiprotozoals. Bauck, L:
1993.
58. Worrell A: Therapy of noninfectious avian disorders. Bauck, L:
1993.
61. Porter S: Veterinary care of native
wildlife. Proc N Am Vet Conf
Eastern States Vet Assoc,
Gainesville, FL 693-6 1995.
62. Tseng F: Medical management of
oiled wildlife. Proc N Am Vet Conf
Eastern States Vet Assoc
Gainesville, FL 697-8 1995.
68. Kollias G, Palgut J, et al: The use
of ketoconazole in birds: preliminary pharmacokinetic and clinical
applications. Proc Assoc Avian Vet
AAV, Miami 103 1986.
80. Harris D: Care of the critically ill
patient. Jenkins, J: Semin Avian
Exotic Pet Med, WB Saunders,
Philadelphia 3 175-9 1994.
83. Jenkins J: Postoperative care.
Murray, M: Semin Avian Exotic Pet
Med, WB Saunders, Philadelphia
2 97-102 1993.
85. Bauck L: Nutritional problems in
pet birds. Rosenthal, K: Semin
1995.
86. Degernes L: Toxicities in waterfowl. Rosenthal, K: Semin Avian
87. LaBonde J: Toxicity in pet avian
patients. Rosenthal, K: Semin
1995.
88. Rae M Endocrine disease in pet
birds. Rosenthal, K: Semin Avian
94. Joseph V: Raptor pediatrics. Speer
B: Semin Avian Exotic Pet Med,
WB Saunders, Philadelphia 2 14251 1993.
96. Clipsham R: Rhamphortotics and
surgical corrections of maxillofacial defects. Redig, P: Semin Avian
109. van Reeth K, Vercruysse J:
Efficacy of toltrazuril against
experimental eimeria in racing
pigeons. Avian Dis 37 218-21
1993.
110. Greth A, Gerlach H, et.al:
Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline
after parenteral administration
in the housra bustard, Avian Dis
37 31-6 1993.
111. Ritchie B, Harrison G:
Formulary. Ritchie B, Harrison
G, et al: Avian Medicine:
Principles and Application,
Wingers Publishing, Lake Worth
FL 457-78 1994
112. Gronwell R, Brown M, et al:
Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in
African grey parrots, Am J Vet
Res 50 250-2 1989.
123. Page C, Schmidt R, et al:
Antemortem diagnosis and treatment of sarcocystosis in two
species of psittacines, J Zoo
Wildl Med AAZV 23 77-85 1992.
124. Frank T, Carpenter J:
Coronaviral enteritis in an
ostrich, J Zoo Wildl Med AAZV

23 103-7 1992.
125. Sacre B, Oppenheim Y, et.al.
Presumptive histiocytic sarcoma
in a great horned owl, J Zoo
127. Garner M: Suspected lead toxicosis in captive goshawk, J Am
Vet Med Assoc 199 1069-70
1991.
128. Cook R: Clinical challenge case
one, J Zoo Wildl Med AAZV 23
135-6 1992.
134. Balanger L, Romano J, et al:
Nodular typhlitis of pheasants
caused by heterakis J Zoo Wildl
Med AAZV 23 249-53 1992.
145. Mainka S, Dierenfeld E, et al:
Circulating tocopherol following
intramuscular or oral vitamin E
administration, J Zoo Wildl Med
AAZV 25 229-32 1994.
153. Aguilar R, Stiles J, et al: Surgical
synechiotomy in an adult bald
eagle, J Zoo Wildl Med AAZV 24
63-7 1993.
168. Isaza R, Budsberg S, et al:
Disposition of oral ciprofloxacin
in red tailed hawks on single
oral dose, J Zoo Wildl Med AAZV
24 508-14 1993.
173. Hannon D, Swaim S, et al: Full
thickness mesh skin grafts in
two great horned owls, J Zoo
179. Dorrestein G, Verburg E:
Pharmacokinetics of Baytril in
homing pigeons after different
administration routes, Proc Conf
Avian Dis Munich 207-9 1988.
201. Clyde V: Avian analgesia. Junge
R: Proc Am Assoc Zoo Vet 125-7
1994.
203. Gamble K, Falzone C, et al:
Proventricular ascaridiasis in lappet-faced and African vultures.
Junge R: Proc Am Assoc Zoo Vet
149-50 1994.
207. Snyder S, Richard M: Treatment
of avian tuberculosis in a
whooping crane. Junge, R: Proc
Am Assoc Zoo Vet 167-9 1994.
230. Jakoby JR, Gylstorff I: Comparative investigations on chemotherapeutic psittacosis control,
Berl Munch Tieraerztl Wschr 96
261-4 1983.
232. Keymer I: Pigeons. Beynon P,
Cooper J: Manual of Exotic Pets,
Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames
180-202 1991.
233. Scullion F: Wild birds. Beynon P,
Cooper J: Manual of Exotic Pets
Iowa State Univ Press, Ames 20311 1991.
234. Forbes N: Birds of prey Beynon
P, Cooper J: Manual of Exotic
Pets Iowa State Univ. Press Ames
212-20 1991.
252. Heard D: Principles and techniques of anesthesia and analgesia for exotic practice.
Quesenberry K, Hillyer E: Vet
Clinic NA Sm Anim Prac WB
Saunders, Philadelphia 23:6
1301-27 1993.
260. Harlin R: Pigeons. Roston M,
Marx K: Proc Mid-Atlantic States
Assoc Avian Vet MASAAV
Blacksburg, VA 16 69-82 1995.
262. Graczyk T, Shaw M, et al:
Hematological characteristics of
avian malaria cases in African
black foot penguins, J Parasitol
80 302-8 1994.
266. Teare J, Schwark W, et al:
Pharmacokinetics of a long acting oxytetracycline preparation
335
on pheasants, owls and parrots,

Am J Vet Res 46 2639-43 1985.
283. Huchzermeyer F: Ostrich
Diseases Agricultural Research
Council Onderstepoort 1994.
320. Smith H: Serum levels of penicillin dihydrostreptomycin chloramphenicol aureomycin and
terramycin in chickens, J Comp
Pathol Therap 64 225 1954.
340. Loomis M, Wright J: Treatment
of iron storage disease in Bali
mynah. Junge R: Proc Am Assoc
Zoo Vet AAZV, St. Louis 28 1993.
341. Norton T, Greiner E, et al:
Medical aspects of Bali mynah.
Junge, R: Proc Am Assoc Zoo Vet
AAZV, St. Louis 29-44 1993.
354. Flammer K, Aucoin D, et al:
Intramuscular and oral disposition of enrofloxacin in African
grey parrots, J Vet Pharmacol
Therap 14 359-66 1991.
379. Dorrestein GM: Bioavailability of
doxycycline injectables in
pigeons. Ffriis C, et al: Proc Intl
Cong Eur Assoc Vet Pharm
Toxicol Acta Vet, Scand,
Copenhagen 5th 291-2 1991.
380. Flammer K, Aucoin D, et al:
Potential use of long acting
injectable oxytetracyclines for
treatment of chlamydiosis, Avian
Dis 34 228-34 1990.
385. Hirsh D, Knox S, et al: Pharmacokinetics of penicillin G in the
turkey Am J Vet Res 39 1219-21
1978.
394. Clark C, Thomas J, et al: Plasma
concentrations of chloramphenicol in birds, Am J Vet Res 43
1249-53 1982.
399. Locke D, Bush M, et al: Pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations of tylosin in selected avian
species, Am J Vet Res 43 1807-10
1982.
401. Foggin C: Veterinary problems
of ostriches. Hallam M, Topaz:
Introduction to Practical Ostrich
Farming, MG Hallam Harare 6196 1992.
411. Hochleithner M, Georgopo
Aulos: Experiences with
piperacillin in Psittaciformes,
Proc Conf Avian Dis, Munich 157
1988.
418. Jensen J, Johnson J, et al:
Husbandry & Medical
Management of Ostriches, Emus,
& Rheas, Wildl & Exotic Anim
Telconsult, College Station 1992.
435. Cross G Antiviral therapy. Fudge
A: Semin Avian Exotic Pet Med
WB Saunders, Philadelphia 4 96101 1995.
457. Bush M, Locke D, et al: Pharmacokinetics of cephalothin and
cephalexin in selected avian
species, Am J Vet Res 42 1014-7
1981.
458. Custer R, Bush M, et al: Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in
blood plasma of quail, pheasants
and cranes, Am J Vet Res 40 8925 1979.
467. Hoover J, Lochner F, et al: Quill
mites in an ostrich with rhinitis
sinusitis and air sacculitis, Comp
Anim Practice 3:2 23-6 1988.
493. Dorrestein G, VanGogh H, et al:
Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of ampicillin and amoxicillin from tablets, capsules...
pigeons, J Vet Pharmacol Therap
9 394-401 1986.
508. Dein F, Monard D, et al:
Pharmacokinetics of chloram-
336
phenicol in Chinese spot billed

ducks, J Vet Pharmacol Therap 3
161-8 1980.
531. Onderka D, Doornenbal E:
Mycotic dermatitis in ostriches
Can Vet J 33 72-6 1992.
544. Devriese L, Dutta G: Effects of
erythromycin inactivating lactobacillus crop flora on blood levels, J Vet Pharmacol Therap 7
49-53 1984.
562. Perelman B, Kuttin E: Zygomycosis in ostriches, Avian
Pathol 21 675-80 1992.
564. Tanner A: Antimicrobial drug
use in poultry Prescott J, Baggot
J: Antimicrobial Therapy in
Veterinary Medicine Iowa State
Univ Press, Ames 2 507-23 1993.
565. Dorrestein GM: Antimicrobial
drug use in pet birds. Prescott J,
Baggot J: Antimicrobial Therapy
in Veterinary Medicine, Iowa
State Univ. Press, Ames 2 490507 1993.
567. Ensley P, Janssen D: A preliminary study comparing the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin given
orally and intramuscularly, J Zoo
Anim Med 12 42-7 1981.
577. Orosz S: Personal communication extending findings of the
previous reference, Proc Assoc
Avian Vet AAV Reno 13 1994.
578. Tully T and Morris M A treatment protocol for non-responsive arthritis in companion
birds, Proc Assoc Avian Vet AAV
Reno 45-9 1994.
579. Suedmeyer W Use of Adequan in
articular diseases of avian
species, J Assoc Avian Vet 7 105
1993.
580. van der Heyden N Update on
avian mycobacteriosis Proc Assoc
Avian Vet AAV Reno 53-61 1994.
582. Phalen D, Wigle W: Sinusitis in
five rheas: response to treatment
,Proc Assoc Avian Vet AAV, Reno
147-50 1994.
583. Doolen M: Antimicrobial therapy
including a focus on psittacosis.
Roston M, Marx K: Proc MidAtlantic States Assoc Avian Vet
MASAAV, Blacksburg, VA 16 3441 1995.
585. Harlin R: Backyard Poultry.
Roston M, Marx K: Proc MidAtlantic States Assoc Avian Vet
MASAAV Blacksburg VA 16 65-8
1995.
588. Hedberg G, Bennett R: Preliminary studies on the use of milbemycin oxime in Galliformes,
Proc Assoc Avian Vet AAV, Reno
261-4 1994.
589. Kahler J: Somatostatin treatment
for diabetes mellitus in a sulfur
breasted toucan, Proc Assoc
Avian Vet AAV, Reno 269-73
1994.
590. Rupiper D, Ehrenberg M: Introduction to pigeon practice Proc
Assoc Avian Vet AAV, Reno 203-11
1994.
594. Bruning D, Hyde E: Ratites.
Fowler M: Zoo and Wild Animal
Medicine, WB Saunders,
595. Stoskopf M, Stoskopf S: Aquatic
birds. Fowler M: Zoo and Wild
Animal Medicine, WB Saunders,
596. Carpenter J: Cranes. Fowler M:
Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine,
WB Saunders, Philadelphia 2
315-26 1986.
599. Ingram K: Hummingbirds and
miscellaneous orders. Fowler M:

448-56 1986.
625. Page C: Current reptilian anesthesia procedures. Fowler M:
Current Therapy, WB Saunders,
626. Redig P: Avian aspergillosis.
Medicine, Current Therapy, WB
1993.
627. Jensen J: Diseases of bird
groups. Fowler M: Zoo and Wild
Animal Medicine, Current
Therapy, WB Saunders,
628. Hicks K: Ostrich reproduction.
1993.
629. Carpenter J: Infectious and parasitic diseases of cranes. Fowler
M: Zoo and Wild Animal
1993.
632. Joyner K: Psittacine incubation
and pediatrics. Fowler M: Zoo
and Wild Animal Medicine,
Current Therapy, WB Saunders,
674. Flammer K: An overview of antifungal therapy in birds, Proc
Annu Conf Assoc Avian Vet AAV,
Nashville 1-4 1993.
675. Millam J, Finney H: Leuprolide
acetate can reversibly prevent
egg laying in cockatiels, Proc
Nashville 46 1993.
676. Turner R: Trexan use in feather
picking in avian species Proc
Nashville 116-8 1993.
677. Hines R, Kolattukuty P, et al:
Pharmacological induction of
molt and gonadal involution in
birds, Proc Annu Conf Assoc
Avian Vet AAV, Nashville 127-34
1993.
678. Olsen G: Common infectious
and parasitic diseases of quail
and pheasants, Proc Annu Conf
Assoc Avian Vet AAV, Nashville
146-50 1993.
692. Gronwall R, Brown MP, et al:
Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in
African grey parrots, Am J Vet
Res 52:2 250-2 1989.
693. Lumeij JT: Psittacine antimicrobial therapy, Antimicrobial
Therapy in Caged Birds and
Exotic Pets, Veterinary Learning
Systems, Trenton, NJ 38-48
1995.
695. Dorrestein GM: Infectious diseases and their therapy in
Passeriformes, Antimicrobial
Therapy in Caged Birds and
Exotic Pets, Veterinary Learning
Systems, Trenton, NJ 11-27
1995.
697. Flammer K: Antimicrobial therapy. Ritchie B, Harrison G, et al:
Avian Medicine: Principles and
Application, Wingers Publishing,
Lake Worth 434-56 1994.
700. Baumgartner R, Hoop RK, et al:
Atypical nocardiosis in a redlored Amazon parrot (Amazona
autumnalis autumnalis), J
Assoc Avian Vet 8:3 125-7 1994.
701. Millam JR, Finney HL:
Leuprolide acetate can reversibly
prevent egg laying in cockatiels

(Nymphicus hollandicus), Zoo
Biol 13:2 149-55 1994.
702. Goldsmith T: The use of
azithromycin in psittacines, J
Assoc Avian Vet 8:3 135 1994.
703. Smith K, et al: Compendium of
measures to control Chlamydophila psittaci infection among
human and pet birds,
www.avma.org /pubhlth/
psittacosis.asp 12/16 2003.
704. Bishop YM: Guidance on prescribing, Veterinary Formulary
RPSGB and BVA, London 3 3-80
1996.
705. Bishop YM: Drugs used in the
treatment of bacterial, fungal,
viral and protozoal infections,
Veterinary Formulary RPSGB and
BVA, London 3 83-128 1996.
706. Bishop YM: Drugs used in the
treatment and control of parasitic infections, Veterinary
Formulary BPSGB and BVA,
London 3 129-179 1996.
707. Orosz SE, Frazier DL: Antifungal
agents: A review of their pharmacology and therapeutic indications, J Assoc Avian Vet 9:1 818 1995.
708. Forbes NA: Diagnosis of avian
aspergillosis and treatment with
itraconazole, Vet Rec 128 263
1991.
709. Lumeij JT, et al: Plasma and tissue concentrations of itraconazole in racing pigeons, J Assoc
Avian Vet 9 32-5 1995.
710. Tully TN, et al: A subchondral
cyst in the distal tibiotarsal bone
of an ostrich, J Assoc Avian Vet 9
41-4 1995.
711. Westerhoff I: Treatment of tracheal obstruction in psittacine
birds using a suction technique:
study, J Assoc Avian Vet 9 45-9
1995.
713. Tully TN, et al: What is your
diagnosis? J Assoc Avian Vet 9
57-8 1995.
714. Bird JE, Miller KW, et al:
Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin
in birds of prey, Am J Vet Res
44:7 1245-7 83
715. Pedersoli WM, Ravis WR, et al:
Pharmacokinetics of single-dose
intravenous or intramuscular
administration of gentamicin in
rooster, Am J Vet Res 51:2 286-9
1990.
716. Flammer K, Clark CH, et al:
Adverse affects of gentamicin in
scarlet macaws and galahs, Am J
Vet Res 51:3 404-7 1990.
718. Ludders JW, Rode J, et al: Effects
of ketamine, xylazine and a combination of ketamine and
xylazine in Pekin ducks, Am J Vet
Res 50:2 245-9 1989.
727. Skeeles JK, Swafford WS, et al:
Studies on the use of long-acting
oxytetracycline in turkeys:
Serum levels and tissue
residues, Avian Dis 29:1 145-9
1985.
728. Flammer K, Aucoin DP, et al:
Plasma concentrations of
enrofloxacin in African grey parrots treated with medicated
water, Avian Dis 34 1017-22
1990.
730. Prus SE, Clubb SL, et al:
Doxycycline plasma concentrations in macaws fed a medicated
corn diet, Avian Dis 36 480-3
1992.
731. Schacter J, Bankowski RA, et al:
Measurement of tetracycline levels in parakeets Avian Dis 28:1

295-302 1984.
732. Panigrahy B, Harmon BC, et al:
Hemorrhagic disease in canaries
(Serinius canarius), Avian Dis
28 536-41 1984.
733. Dorrestein GM, Van Gogh H, et
al: Comparative study of ampicillin and amoxicillin after intravenous, intramuscular and oral,
Res Vet Sci 42 343-8 1987.
734. Brisbin Jr IL, Wagner CK: Some
health problems associated with
the maintenance of American
kestrels in captivity, Intl Zoo
Yearbook 10 29-30 70.
736. Flammer K: Use of amikacin in
birds, Proc Int Conf Zoo Avian
Med AAZV and AAV, Oahu 195-7
1987.
738. Luthgen W, Bretschneider J, et
al: Prophylaxis and therapy of
psittacosis in lovebirds, cockatiels and other problematic
birds, Dtsch Tierarztl
Wochenschr 86 426-9 1979.
739. Fudge AM: Avian antimicrobial
therapy Proc Annu Conf Assoc
Avian Vet AAV 162-83 1983.
740. Rosskopf WJ, Woerpel RW, et al:
Successful treatment of
aspergillosis in two psittacine
birds: Esophageal and respiratory tract, Proc Assoc Avian Vet
AAV, Miami 119-28 1986.
741. Clubb SL: Therapeutics in avian
medicine. Harrison GJ: Vet
Clinic NA Sm Anim Prac, WB
Saunders, Philadelphia 14:2 34561 1984.
742. Bailey T: Aspergillosis: Therapy
and Prevention in Zoo Animals
with Emphasis on Raptors, Falco
Newsletter Middle East Falcon
Research Group 20 18-22 2002.
743. Biasia I, Giovanardi AA: Fungal
Infections. Fowler ME, Cubas
ZS: Biology, Medicine and
Surgery of South American Wild
Animals, Iowa State University
Press, Ames, IA 163-5 2001.
745. Oglesbee B: Mycotic Diseases,
Internationalen Symposium
Erkrankungen Zoo und
Wildtiere Institut Zoo
Wildtierforschung, Berlin 37
323-31 1995.
746. Verwoerd D: Aerosol use of a
novel disinfectant, preventing
and treating aspergillosis in falcons, Falco Newsletter Middle
East Falcon Research Group 17
15-7 2001.
747. Jensen J, Westerman E: Amikacin
pharmacokinetics in ostrich
(Struthio camelus). Cambre RC
Proc Am Assoc Zoo Vet 238-42
1990.
748. Flammer K: An update on
psittacine antimicrobial pharmacokinetics, Proc Assoc Avian Vet
AAV, Phoenix 218-20 1990.
749. Flammer K: New advances in
avian therapeutics Proc Assoc
Avian Vet, New Orleans 14-8 92
750. Krautwald ME, Pieper K, et al:
Further experiences with the use
of Baytril pet birds, Proc Assoc
Avian Vet, Phoenix 226-36 1990.
751. Dorrestein GM, Van Gogh H,
Rinzema JD: Pharmacokinetic
aspects of penicillins, aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol in
birds mammals, Vet Q 6:4
216-24 1984.
758. Locke D, Bush M: Tylosin
aerosol therapy in quail and
pigeons, J Zoo Anim Med 15 6772 1984.

759. Bush M, Locke D, et al:
Gentamicin tissue concentration
in various avian species following recommended dosage therapy, Am J Vet Res 42:12 2114-6
1981.
762. Anadon A, Martinez-Larranga
MR, et al: Pharmacokinetics of
doxycycline in broiler chickens,
Avian Pathol 23 79-90 1994.
763. McDonald SE: Summary of medications for use in psittacine
birds, J Assoc Avian Vet 3 120-6
1989.
MR, et al: Pharmacokinetic characteristics and tissue residues
for marbofloxacinin broiler
chickens, Am J Vet Res 63 927-33
2002.
778. Garcia-Montijano M, Waxman S,
et al: The disposition of marbofloxacin in Eurasian buzzards
after intravenous administration,
J Vet Pharmacol Therap 24 155-7
2001.
779. Fitzgzgerald G, Cooper JE
Preliminary studies of the use of
propofol in the domestic
pigeon, Res Vet Sci 49 334-8
1990.
787. Ding HZ, Zeng ZL, et al:
Pharmacokinetics of sarafloxacin
in pigs and broilers following IV,
IM and oral single doses, J Vet
Pharmacol Therap 24 303-8
2001.
788. Tell L, Harrenstein L, et al:
Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur
sodium in exotic and domestic
avian species, J Vet Pharmacol
Therap 21 85-91 1998.
789. Laczay P, Semjen G, et al:
Comparative studies on the
pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin
in chickens, turkeys and geese, J
Vet Pharmacol Therap 21 161-4
1998.
790. Bailey TA, Sheen RS, et al:
Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after IV, IM and oral
administration in a houbara bustard, J Vet Pharmacol Therap 21
288-97 1998.
795. Cybulski W, Larrson P, et al:
Disposition of metronidazole in
hens and quails: pharmacokinetics and autoradiography, J Vet
1996.
815. Bailey TA, Sheen RS, et al:
Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after IV, IM and oral
administration to houbara bustards, J Vet Pharmacol Therap 20
Suppl 204-5 1997.
818. Clipsham R: New treatment for
tapeworms, J Assoc Avian Vet 3
132 1989.
819. Rosskopf WJ: Clinical use of
selected therapeutics, J Assoc
Avian Vet 3 127-8 1989.
820. McDonald SE: Injecting eggs
with antibiotics, J Assoc Avian
Vet 3:1 9 1989.
821. Bond M: Intradermal injections
for pox eye lesions, J Assoc
Avian Vet 3 132 1989.
822. Oaks JL Treatment of a falcon
for localized tetanus J Assoc
Avian Vet 3 140-2 1989.
823. McCluggage DM Self Assessment
Test J Assoc Avian Vet 3 168, 173
1989.
MR, et al: Pharmacokinetics of
norfloxacin and metabolites in

broiler chickens, Am J Vet Res
53:11 2084-9 1992.
835. Vaden SL, Cullen JM, Riviere JE:
Pharmacokinetics of
cyclosporine in woodchucks and
Pekin ducks, J Vet Pharmacol
Therap 18 30-3 1995.
841. Freed M, Clarke JP, et al: Effect
of spectinomycin on Escherichia
coli infection in 1-day-old ducklings, Avian Dis 37 763-6 1993.
842. Kempf I, Gesbert F et al: Dose
titration study of enrofloxacin
against respiratory colibacillosis
in Muscovy ducks, Avian Dis 39
480-8 1995.
843. Bradley FA, Bickford AA, Walker
RL: Efficacy of miconazole
nitrate against favus in oriental
breed chickens, Avian Dis 39
900-1 1995.
847. Bush M Pharmacokinetics of
selected antibiotics in avian
species (a review), Proc Symp
Avian Dis Fifth 53-9 1983.
848. Vernimb GD, Bachman H, Panitz
E: Effect of gentamicin on early
mortality and later performance
of chickens, Avian Dis 20:4 70613 1976.
849. Turbahn A, de Jackel SC, et al:
Dose response study of enrofloxacin against Riemerella
anatipestifer in ducklings, Avian
Pathol 26 791-802 1997.
851. Hamdy AH, Kratzer DD, et al:
Effect of a single injection of lincomycin and spectinomycin on
early chick mortality, Avian Dis
23:1 164-73 1979.
853. Intorre L, Mengozzi G, et al: The
plasma kinetics and tissue distribution of enrofloxacin and
ciprofloxacin in the Muscovy
duck, Vet Res Comm 21 127-36
1997.
854. Froyman R, Sheer M, De Jong A:
Serum kinetics of enrofloxacin
in Pekin ducks during drinking
water medication and Baytril
10%. Lees, P: Proc Intl Cong Eur
Assoc Vet Pharm Toxicol
Blackwell Scientific Publ,
Edinburgh 6th 236-7 1994.
855. Charleston B, Gate JJ, et al:
Comparison of the efficacies of
three fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agentschickens, Antimicrobial Agents Chemother 42
83-7 1998.
856. Jordan FTW, Gilbert S, et al:
Effects of Baytril, tylosin and tiamulin on avian mycoplasmas,
Avian Pathol 18 659-73 1989.
861. Rosskopf WJ, Woerpel RW:
Practical avian therapeutics and
dosages of commonly used medications. Rosskopf WJ, Woerpel
RW: Vet Clinic NA Sm Anim Prac
WB Saunders, Philadelphia 21:6
1265-71 1991.
862. Barbour EK, Hamadeh S, et al:
Evaluation of an enrofloxacintreatment program against
Mycoplasma gallisepticum in
broilers, Preventive Veterinary
Medicine 35 91-9 1998.
863. Sumano LH, Ocampo CL, et al:
Effectiveness of two fluoroquinolones for the treatment of
chronic respiratory disease outbreak, British Poultry Sciences
39 42-6 1998.
864. McCabe MW, Rippel RH, Miller
RE: Efficacy of sarafloxacin for
the control of mortality associated with E. coli infections, Proc
Western Poultry Disease Conf,

Sacramento 42nd 75 1993.
865. Glisson JR The efficacy of
enrofloxacin for the treatment of
colibacillosisand fowl cholera
in turkeys, Proc Western Poultry
Disease Conf, Cancun 45th 2224 1996.
866. Dorrestein GM and Verburg E
Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in homingpigeons, Proc
Intl Cong Eur Assoc Vet Pharm
Toxicol Univ of Veterinary
Science, Budapest 4th 27-30
1988.
869. Migaki TT, Chappel LR, Babcock
WE: Anticoccidial efficacy
ofsalinomycin, in comparison
to monensin and lasalocid in
battery trials, Proc Western
Poultry Disease Conf, Davis, CA
27th 40-2 1978.
870. Galvan G, Huerta A, del Oro M:
Efficacy of tiamulin in the treatment of mycoplasmosis in chickens in Mexico, Proc Western
Poultry Disease Conf, Davis, CA
27th 80-2 1978.
872. Hamdy AH, Saif YM: Efficacy of
various concentrations of lincomycinspectinomycin against
mycoplasma in turkey poults,
Proc Western Poultry Disease
Conf, Davis, CA 26th 115-8
1977.
873. Jordan FTW, Forrrester CA, et al:
In vitro and in vivovalnemulin, tiamulin, tylosin, enrofloxacin, lincomycin/spectinomycin, Avian Dis 42 738-45
1998.
874. Droual R, Bickford AA, et al:
Favus in a backyard flock of
game chickens Avian Dis 35 62530 1991.
876. Dyer DC, van Alstine WG:
Antibiotic aerosolization: tissue
and plasma oxytetracycline concentration in parakeets, Avian
Dis 31 677-9 1987.
877. Jordan FTW, Knight D: The minimum inhibitory concentration of
kitasamycin, tylosin and tiamulin
for Mycoplasma, Avian Pathol 13
151-62 1984.
878. Law JM, Tully TN, Stewart TB:
Verminous encephalitis apparently caused by the filaroid nematode Chandlerella quicali in
emus, Avian and Exotic Animal
Medicine Symposium 37 597601 1993.
879. Ramsey EC, Vulliet R: Pharmacokinetic properties of gentamicin and amikacin in the cockatiel, Avian Dis 37 628-34 1993.
880. Pedersoli WM, Ravis WR, et al:
Pharmacokinetics of single doses
of gentamicin given intravenously and intramuscularly to
turkeys, J Vet Pharmacol Therap
12 124-32 1989.
881. Cracknell VC, Andreotis J, et al:
An evaluation of apramycin soluble powder for the treatment of
naturally acquired E. coli infections, J Vet Pharmacol Therap 9
273-9 1986.
882. Hamlin RL, Stalnaker PS: Basis
for use of digoxin in small birds,
J Vet Pharmacol Therap 10 354-6
1987.
883. Maldonado A: Reporte
Preeliminar: Digitalizacion en
pollos de engorda com metodo
preventivo el sindrome ascitico,
Proc Western Poultry Disease
Conf 35th 1986.
337
888. Baert L, van Poucke S, et al:

Pharmacokinetics and
anthelmintic efficacy of febantel
in the racing pigeon, J Vet
1993.
890. Schriemer TR, Paulissen JB,
Dame KJ: Evaluation of ceftiofur
sodium for control of terminal
bacterial infections in broiler
chickens, Proc Worlds Poultry
Cong, Amsterdam 19th:1 427
1992.
891. Vanparijs O, Hermans L, van de
Flaes L: Anticoccidial efficacy of
diclazuril in game birds Proc
Worlds Poultry Cong,
Amsterdam 19th:1 394-7 1992.
893. Tanner AC, Davidson JN: Efficacy
of danofloxacin against induced
colisepticemia in broiler chickens, Proc Worlds Poultry Cong,
Amsterdam 19th:3 84-5 1992.
894. Schneider KH, Scheller W: Effect
of exogenous testosterone and
gonadotropic hormones on ejaculate production by ganders,
Proc Worlds Poultry Cong,
Amsterdam 19th:3 307 1992.
895. Ruff MD, Chute MB, Wilkins GC:
Control of coccidiosis in ringnecked pheasants, Proc Worlds
Poultry Cong, Amsterdam 19th:3
337-41 1992.
899. Flinchum G: Infraorbital Sinus
Flushes in Birds, Exotic DVM 1.1
18-22 1999.
905. Lierz M: Phallus Amputation in
Pet Ducks, Exotic DVM 1.3 51-4
1999.
912. Harrison GJ: Rescue remedy for
birds, Exotic DVM 1.4 40 1999.
914. Schoemaker NJ: Selected
Dermatologic Conditions in
Exotic Pets, Exotic DVM 1.5 5-11
1999.
916. Dorrestein GM: Enrofloxacin in
pet avian and exotic animal therapy, Proc Int Baytril Symp Bonn
1st 63-70 1992.
918. Redmann T, Glunder G, et al:
Attempted therapy with
enrofloxacin of a flock of laying
hens with pullorum-salmonellosis, Dtsch Tierarztl
Wochenschr 96 137-8 1989.
919. Dorrestein GM, Verburg E:
Pharmacokinetics of Baytril in
homing pigeons after different
administration routes, Proc
Symp Avian Dis, Munich 6th
132-43 1988.
921. Linderstruth H: Feldversuch zur
wirksamkeits- und vertraglichkeitsprufung von Baytril
bei importierten Psittaciden..Vet
Med Diss, Giessen 1992.
922. Uyttenbroek E, Gevaert D,
Devriese LA: Effect of different
chemotherapeutics on experimental salmonellosis in pigeons,
Vlaams Diergeneesk Tijdschr 58
51-4 1989.
923. Schmahl C: Therapieversuche
bei der spontanen infektion von
Brief- und Rasstauben mit
Salmonella typhimurium, Proc
Tagung Vogelkrankheiten.
Munich 7th 148-53 1990.
924. Krautwald-Junghans ME: Avian
therapeutics. Proc Eur Chap
Assoc Avian Vet. Vienna 1st 30-9
1991.
925. Bougerol C: Antibiotherapie
chez les oiseaux, Rec Med Vet
166 361-6 1990.
932. Ostrowski S, Greth A, Mikaelian
I: Pathology and Veterinary Care.
338
Saint Jalme M, van Heezik Y:

Propagation of the Houbara bustard Kegan Paul International,
London 70-96 1995.
936. Scheer M: Concentrations of
active ingredient in the serum
and in tissues after oral and parenteralBaytril, Vet Med Rev 2
104-18 1987.
939. Zantop D: Medetomidine in
birds, Exotic DVM 1.5 34 1999.
943. Harcourt-Brown NH: Treatment
of bumblefoot in an eagle,
Exotic DVM 1.6 5-11 2000.
951. Lindenstruth H: Feldversuch zur
wirksamkeits- und vertraglichkeitsprufung von Baytril
bei importierten psittaciden. Vet
Med Diss, Giessen 1992.
956. Bauditz R: Enrofloxacin - clinical
evaluation in several animal
species. Simon F, et al: Proc Intl
Toxicol Univ of Veterinary Scien,
Budapest 4th 21-6 1988.
957. Vlaminck K, Vanparijs O, et al:
Clazuril, anticoccidial agent for
pigeons. Simon F, et al: Proc Intl
Toxicol Univ. of Veterinary Scien,
958. Varga I, Laczay P, Voros G:
Anticoccidial efficacy of maduramicin in batter, floor pen and
field trials. Simon F, et al: Proc
Toxicol Univ of Veterinary Scien,
962. Meyer KF, Eddie B: Chemotherapy of natural psittacosis
and ornithosis field trials of
tetracyclines, Antibiot
Chemother 5 289-9 1955.
966. Dorrestein GM, Van Gogh H, et
al: Clinical pharmacology and
pharmacokinetics of flumequine
IV, IM and oral administration in
pigeons, J Vet Pharmacol Therap
6 281-92 1983.
968. Dorrestein, GM, Rinzema JD, et
al: Clinical pharmacology and
pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim and selected sulfonamides
in the pigeon, Dissertation
Proefschrift Utrecht 139-69
1987.
978. Herrenstien LA: Disposition of
enrofloxacin in red-tailed hawks
and great horned owls. Soback
S, McKellar QA: Proc Intl Cong
Eur Assoc Vet Pharm Toxicol
Blackwell Science Ltd, Jerusalem
8th B49 2000.
979. Waxman S, Garcia-Montijano M,
et al: Pharmacokinetic behavior
of marbofloxacin after oral
administration in Buteo buteo.
Soback S, McKellar QA: Proc Intl
Toxicol Blackwell Science Ltd,
Jerusalem 8th B51 2000.
983. Webb AI, French RA, Gaskin JM:
The efficacy and safety of fenbendazole in gamebirds. Soback
S, McKellar QA: Proc Intl Cong
Blackwell Science Ltd. Jerusalem
8th H27 2000.
987. Bauditz R: Results of clinical
studies with Baytril in poultry,
Vet Med Rev 2 130-6 1987.
990. TerHune TN, Wages DP, et al:
Clinical evaluation of efficacy of
danofloxacin treatment of E. coli
airsacculitis, Proc Western
Poultry Disease Conference,
Acapulco 40th 270 1991.
991. Krieg J, Kosters J: Pharmacokinetics of amoxycillin in

healthy and specifically compromised adult pigeons, Proc
Conf Avian Dis, Munich 5th 906 1986.
992. Bruch JV, Aufinger P, Jakoby JR:
Studies of pharmacokinetics
and efficacy of sulphadimethoxine toadult pigeons, Proc
Conf Avian Dis, Munich 5th 97106 1986.
994. Zantop D: Using Leuprolide
Acetate to Manage Common
Avian Reproductive Problems,
Exotic DVM 2.3 70 2000.
1006. Aerts R, Verheijen F, et al:
Efficacy of dosage schemes of
Paracillin SP in E. coli challenged broilers. Lees P: Proc
Toxicol Blackwell Scientific
Publ, Edinburgh 6th 94-5 1994.
1009. Semjen G, Magyar T, Laczay P:
Efficacy of doxycycline in the
treatment of experimentally
induced fowl cholera in broiler
chickens. Lees P: Proc Intl
Publ, Edinburgh 6th 200-1
1994.
1015. Pashov D, Deyanov M, et al:
Efficacy of some formulations
containing tylosin against avian
borreliosis. Lees P: Proc Intl
Publ, Edinburgh 6th 223-4
1994.
1016. Rolinski Z, Furmaga R, et al:
Laboratory, pharmacological
and clinical studies on a combination of colistin and tylosin.
Lees P: Proc Intl Cong Eur
1020. Gulkarov A, Ziv G: Some pharmacokinetic features of norfloxacin nicotinate in turkeys.
Lees P: Proc Intl Cong Eur
Edinburgh 6th 235 1994.
1021. Delaporte J, Froyman R, et al:
Distribution of enrofloxacin
within hatching eggs during
treatment with Baytril 10% in
turkeys. Lees P: Proc Intl Cong
1023. Bousquet E, Barrowman P, et
al: pharmacokinetics of a
trimethoprim/sulfadiazine combination administered drinking
water to broilers. Lees P: Proc
Publ, Edinburgh 6th 241 1994.
1024. de Backer P, Vermeersch H, et
al: Pharmacokinetics and
anthelmintic efficacy of febantel in racing pigeons. Lees P:
Proc Intl Cong Eur Assoc Vet
Pharm Toxicol Blackwell
Scientific Publ, Edinburgh 6th
248-9 1994.
1025. Pashov D, Koinarski V:
Comparative studies of anticoccidial efficacy sulfadimidine,
trimethoprim and toltrazuril in
turkey. Lees P: Proc Intl Cong
Edinburgh 6th 264 1994.
1027. Remple JD, Riddle SK:
Pharmacological Considerations. Weaver JD, Cade TJ:

Falcon Propagation The
Peregrine Fund, Boise, Idaho,
2nd Ed 77-85 1991.
1028. Sandfort C, Dierenfeld E, Lee J:
Nutrition. Weaver JD, Cade TJ:
Falcon Propagation The
Peregrine Fund. Boise, Idaho,
2nd Ed 81-2 1991.
1029. Heck WR, Konkel D: Incubation and rearing Weaver JD,
Cade TJ: Falcon Propagation
The Peregrine Fund, Boise,
Idaho, 2nd Ed 34-76 1991.
1033. Zantop DW: Treatment of Bile
Duct Carcinoma in Birds with
Carboplatin, Exotic DVM 2.3
76-8 2000.
1034. Lierz M: Use of inhalation
chamber for aspergillosis therapy, Exotic DVM 2.3 79-80
2000.
1035. Hochleithner D, Hochleithner
M: Innovative approach to liver
and kidney diseases in
psittacine birds, Exotic DVM
2.3 84-7 2000.
1051. McKellar QA, Scott EW: The
benzimidazole anthelmintic
agents, J Vet Pharmacol Therap
13 223-47 1990.
1056. Pedersoli WM, Askins D, et al:
Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in chickens after single and
repeated administration,
Pharmacologist 28 204 1986.
1058. El-Gammal AA, Ravis WR, et al:
Pharmacokinetics and intramuscular bioavailability of
amikacin in chickens following
dosing, J Vet Pharmacol Therap
15 133-42 1992.
1060. Norton TM, Kollias GV, et al:
Acyclovir (Zovirax) pharmacokinetics in Quaker parakeets, J
Vet Pharmacol Therap 15 252-8
1992.
1061. Zwijnenberg RJG, Vulto AG, et
al: Evaluation of antibiotics for
racing pigeons available in the
Netherlands, J Vet Pharmacol
Therap 15 364-78 1992.
1062. Gylstorff I, Jakoby JR,
Gerbermann H: Investigations
of the efficacy different medicated feed to parrots infected
with Chlamydia psittaci, Berl
Munch Tieraerztl Wschr 97 919 1984.
1065. Oostindjer AJ, Frankenhuis MT,
et al: Compendium Behandelingsadviezen Vogelziekten
Gezondheidsdienst voor
Plumvee Doorn 5th 1987.
1066. Dorrestein GM, van der Hage
MH, Zwart P: Examination,
diagnosis and therapy of diseases of aviary birds, Proc Eur
Symp Bird Dis, Beerse 123-54
1987.
1067. McDonald SE Practical avian
therapeutics Proc Assoc Avian
Vet Houston 7-19 1988.
1068. Samour J: Management of raptors. Harrison G, Lightfoot T
(eds): Clinical Avian Medicine,
914-956 2005.
1070. Arnstein P, Cohen DH, et al:
Medication of pigeons with
chlortetracycline in feed, J Am
Vet Med Assoc 9 921-4 1964.
1072. Reid BL, Hulett BJ: Aspirin
stimulates egg production,
Feedstuffs 36 32 1964.
1077. Arnstein P, Buchanan WG, et al:
Chlortetracycline chemotherapy for nectar-feeding
psittacine birds, J Am Vet Med

Assoc 154 190-1 1969.
1079. Arnstein P, Eddie B, et al:
Control of psittacosis by group
chemotherapy of infected parrots, Am J Vet Res 29 2213-27
1968.
1087. Bush M: External fixation of
avian fractures, J Am Vet Med
Assoc 171 943-6 1977.
1088. Kennedy S, Crisler JP, et al:
Lead poisoning in sand hill
cranes, J Am Vet Med Assoc 171
955-8 1977.
1089. Courtney CH, Forrester DJ,
White FH: Anthelmintic treatment of brown pelicans, J Am
Vet Med Assoc 171 991-2 1977.
1090. Stoskopf MD, Beier J: Avian
malaria in African black-footed
penguins, J Am Vet Med Assoc
175 944-7 1979.
1091. Ensley PK, Davis CE, et al:
Cryptococcosis in a male
Beccaris crowned pigeon, J
Am Vet Med Assoc 175 992-4
1979.
1093. Shlosberg A: Treatment of
monocrotophos-poisoned birds
of prey with pralidoxime
iodide, J Am Vet Med Assoc 169
989-90 1976.
1096. Ward FP: Thiamine deficiency
in a peregrine falcon, J Am Vet
Med Assoc 159 599-601 1971.
1110 Harcourt-Brown NH: Tendon
Repair in the Avian Pelvic Limb,
Exotic DVM 2.5 28-33 2000.
1112. Flinchum G, Harrison G:
Yunnan Paiyan for surgical support, Exotic DVM 2.6 10 2001.
1114. Samour JH, Naldo JL: Medical
management of avian pox
lesions on the cere of captive
falcon, Exotic DVM 2.6 14-5
2001.
1119. Rodriguez-Quiros J: Bone grafting in birds, Exotic DVM 3.1
17-23 2001.
1120. Richardson JA, Murphy LA, et
al: Managing pet bird toxicoses, Exotic DVM 3.1 23-7
2001.
1124. Samour J, Naldo J: Trichomoniasis infections in captive
falcons, Exotic DVM 3.2 10-1
2001.
1127. Bailey TA, Samour JH, et al:
Analysis of amoxycillin in bustard plasma by highperformance liquid chromatography,
J Vet Pharmacol Therap 19 3135 1996.
1128. Bailey T: On long-acting amoxicillin in birds Personal notes or
communications, BirdMed 3-18
2003.
1131. Klueh PN: Investigations on
therapy and prophylaxis of
Caryospora-infections in falcons with toltrazuril
Dissertation Tierarzlichen
Hochschule, Hanover 1994.
1132. Arent L, Martell M: Care and
Management of Captive
Raptors, Raptor Center Univ,
Minnesota, St Paul 1996.
1133. Forbes NA: Falcon herpesvirus
in the UK, Falco, Newsletter
Middle East Falcon Research
Group 17 2001.
1134. Forbes NA: Control of endemic
Caryospora species infestation
of captive raptors, Falco,
Newsletter Middle East Falcon
Research Group 16 2000.
1135. McKinney P: Amyloidosis in falcons in the United Arab
Emirates Falco, Newsletter

Group 16 2000.
1139. Dorrestein GM, Buitelaar MN,
Wiggelinkhuizen JM: Pharmakokinetishce aspectin von
antibiotika bei volierevogeln
und tauben, Proc Symp Avian
Dis, Munich 2nd 1981.
1140. Lawrence K: Therapeutics.
Price CJ: Manual of Parrots,
Budgerigars & Other Psittacine
Birds, BSAVA West Sussex 17187 1988.
1142. Lawrence K: Facts and data to
help the treatment of smaller
domestic pets. Evans J:
Henston Veterinary Vade
Mecum Henston, London
1986.
1143. Clark CH: Pharmacology of
antibiotics. Harrison GJ,
Harrison LR: Clinical Avian
Medicine and Surgery, WB
Saunders, Philadelphia 319-26
1986.
1150. Flinchum GB: Management of
waterfowl. Harrison G,
Lightfoot T (eds): Clinical Avian
Medicine, 830-848 2005.
1151. Harrison GJ, Flinchum GB:
Emergency and critical care.
Harrison G, Lightfoot T (eds):
Clinical Avian Medicine, 213232 2005.
1152. Pees M, Straub J, KrautwaldJunghanns ME: Evaluating and
treating the cardiovascular system. Harrison G, Lightfoot T
379-410 2005.
1154. Pollock CG: Implications of
mycobacteria in clinical disorders. Harrison G, Lightfoot T
681-690 2005.
1156. Forbes NA: Epidemic and
endemic chlamydiosis in a collection of raptors. Samour JH:
Proc Specialist Group Middle
East Falcon Research Group
MEFRG, Abu Dhabi 3-8 1995.
1157. Verwoerd D: Observations on
the use of azithromycin in falcons Falco, Newsletter Middle
Letters 2000.
1158. Samour J: Serratospiculiasis in
birds of prey, Falco, Newsletter
Group 16 Letters 2000.
1159. Lierz M, Remple D: Endoparasitenbefall bei grossfalken in
Dubai Kleintier, Praxis 42 75768 1997.
1160. Baronetzky-Mercier A, Seidel B,
Goltenberg R & HG: Klos
Krankheiten der Zoo und
Wildtiere Blackwell Berlin 44365 1995.
1167. Bradley T: Recognizing pain in
exotic animals Exotic DVM 3.3
21-6 2001.
1169. Papich MG: Drug therapy and
selection in exotic medicine
Compend Contin Educ Prac Vet
25, Suppl 15-20 2003.
1170. Flammer K: Common bacterial
infections and antibiotic use in
companion birds, Compend
Contin Educ Prac Vet 20, Supp
3A 34-48 1998.
1175. Riddle KE: Surgical treatment
of bumblefoot in raptors.
Cooper JE, Greenwood AG:
Proc Intl Symp of Diseases of
Birds of Prey, Chiron
Publications, West Yorkshire
1980 67-73 1981.

1177. Remple JD: Avian malaria with
comments on Haemosporidia
in large falcons. Cooper JE,
Greenwood AG: Proc Intl Symp
of Diseases of Birds of Prey,
Chiron Publications, West
Yorkshire 1980 107-10 1981.
1178. Redig PT: Aspergillosis in raptors. Cooper JE, Greenwood
AG, Proc Intl Symp of Diseases
of Birds of Prey, Chiron
1980 117-22 1981.
1179. Satterfield WC, ORourke KI:
Immunological considerations
in the management of bumblefoot. Cooper JE, Greenwood
AG: Proc Intl Symp of Diseases
of Birds of Prey, Chiron
1980 123-9 1981.
1180. Dorrestein GM: Quick reference for drug dosing. Tully TN,
Lawton MPC, et al: Avian
Medicine, Butterworth
Heinemann, Oxford 386-90
2000.
1183. Dorrestein GM: Nursing the
sick bird. Tully TN, Lawton
MPC, et al: Avian Medicine,
Butterworth Heinemann,
Oxford 74-111 2000.
1184. Gaggemeier B, Henke J, et al:
Lihtersachunjen en schmerzlinderung unit buprenorphine bei
hanstauben, Proc Conf Avian
Dis, Munich 12th 21 2000.
1185. Rupley AE: Manual of Avian
Practice, WB Saunders,
Philadelphia 1997.
1186. Harcourt-Brown NH: Psittacine
birds. Tully TN, Lawton MPC,
et al: Avian Medicine,
Butterworth Heinemann,
Oxford 112-43 2000.
1187. Dorrestein GM: Passerines and
exotic softbills. Tully TN,
Heinemann, Oxford 144-79
2000.
1188. Redig PT, Ackermann J:
Raptors. Tully TN, Lawton
Butterworth Heinemann
Oxford, 180-214 2000.
1189. Olsen G: Cranes. Tully TN,
Heinemann Oxford, 215-27
2000.
1190. Routh A , Sanderson S:
Waterfowl. Tully TN, Lawton
Butterworth Heinemann
Oxford, 234-65 2000.
1191. Worell A: Rhamphistids. Tully
TN, Lawton MPC, et al: Avian
2000.
1192. de Herdt P, Devriese L: Pigeons.
Tully TN, Lawton MPC, et al:
Avian Medicine, Butterworth
2000.
1197. Bailey T: Aerosol therapy in
birds using a novel disinfectant, Exotic DVM 3.4 17 2001.
1198. Stanford M: Use of F10 in
psittacines, Exotic DVM 3.4 18
2001.
1199. Kelleher S: Nebulization recipe
Exotic DVM 3.4 6 2001.
1204. Flinchum G: Corticosteroids
may have some use in birds
Exotic DVM 3.5 43 2001.
1205. McCluggage D: Overview of

nutriceutical and herbal therapies for birds, Exotic DVM 3.6
8-11 2002.
1208. Devriese LA: Ziekten van
Siervogels en Duiven
Rijksuniversiteit Gent 3rd 1986.
1212. Lafeber TJ: Other diseases of
budgerigars. Kirk RW: Current
Veterinary Therapy Small
Animal, WB Saunders,
Philadelphia III 376-9 1968.
1217. Vickers JH: Respiratory diseases
in primates. Kirk RW: Current
Philadelphia III 398-400 1968.
1221. Gelis S: Evaluating and treating
the gastrointestinal system.
1223. Jakob-Hoff R, Bucham B,
Boyland M: Kiwi coccidia North Island survey Kokako 6
3-5 1999.
1224. Doneley B: Management of
captive ratites. Harrison G,
Lightfoot T (eds): Clinical Avian
Medicine, 957-990 2005.
1226. Black DG: Common medical
and surgical conditions of
ostriches, Proceedings 2789
Basics of Avian Medicine, Univ
of Sydney, Sydney 243-58 1996.
1233. Kellner SJ: Eye and eyelid
injuries. Samour J: Avian
Medicine, Mosby, London 1203 2000.
1234. Harcourt-Brown NH: Bumblefoot. Samour J: Avian Medicine,
Mosby, London 126-31 2000.
1236. Samour J: Toxicology. Samour
J: Avian Medicine, Mosby,
London 180-93 2000.
1238. Zwart P Bacterial diseases
Samour, J Avian Medicine
Mosby London 254-64 2000.
1239. Redig P: Fungal diseases Aspergillosis. Samour J: Avian
Medicine, Mosby, London 27587 2000.
1240. Samour J: Pharmaceutics commonly used in avian medicine.
Samour J: Avian Medicine,
Mosby, London 388-418 2000.
1254. Perelman B, Kuttin ES: Mycotic
infections in ostriches.
Deeming DC: Improving Our
Understanding of Ratites,
Farming Environment, Ratite
Conf, Oxon, UK 47-9 1996.
1257. Irons PC, Bertschinger HJ, et
al: Semen collection and evaluation in the ostrich. Deeming
DC: Improving Our Understanding of Ratites, Farming
Environment, Ratite Conf,
Oxon, UK 157-9 1996.
1259. Macwhirter P, Pyke D, Wayne J:
Use of carboplatin in the treatment of renal adenocarcinoma
in a budgerigar, Exotic DVM
4.2 10-2 2002.
1263. Doneley B: Acute pancreatitis
in parrots, Exotic DVM 4.3 13-6
2002.
1268. Stanford M: ICE presentation
and discussion, International
Conference on Exotics,
Zoological Education Network,
Palm Beach, FL 2003.
1269. Johnson-Delaney C: ICE presentation and discussion,
International Conference on
Exotics, Zoological Education
Network, Palm Beach, FL 2003.
1273. Flinchum G: ICE presentation
339

1274. Bowles H: ICE presentation
Palm Beach, FL Supp 16 2003.
1278. Zantop D: ICE presentation
1279. Lennox A: ICE presentation
1280. Cubas ZS, Godoy SN: Hemochromatosis in toucans, Exotic
DVM 4.3 27-8 2002.
1281. Lennox AM: The use of Aldara
(imiquimod) for the treatment
of cloacal papillomatosis in
psittacines, Exotic DVM 4.3 345 2002.
1296. Finkelstein AD, DiGesualdo CL:
Wound management in a
pheasant, Exotic DVM 4.5 10
2002.
1297. Stanford M: Use of Doxirobe
Gel, Exotic DVM 4.5 11 2002.
1302. Stanford M: Further uses of
F10 in exotic practice, Exotic
DVM 4.5 19 2002.
1306. Oglesbee B, Bishop C: Avian
infectious disease. Birchard S,
Sherding R: Manual of Small
Animal Practice, WB Saunders,
Philadelphia 1257-70 1994.
1307. Plumb DC: Veterinary Drug
Handbook, Iowa State Press
Ames, IA 4th 2002.
1308. Jenson J: Current ratite therapy, Vet Clinic NA Food Anim
Prac, WB Saunders, Philadelphia 16 1998.
1309. Clubb SL: Therapeutics:
Individual and flock treatment
regimens. Harrison GJ,
Harrison LR: Clinical Avian
1986.
1311. Rupiper DJ, Carpenter JW,
Mashimo TY: Formulary. Olsen
GH, Orosz SE: Manual of Avian
Medicine, Mosby, St. Louis, MO
553-89 2000.
1313. Tully TN: Formulary. Altman
RB, Clubb SL, et al: Avian
1997.
1314. Joseph V: Preventive health
programs for falconry birds,
Proc Annu Conf Assoc Avian Vet
171-8 1995.
1316. Kasper A: Rehabilitation of
California towhees Proc Annu
Conf Assoc Avian Vet 83-90
1997.
1317. Moore DM, Rice RL: Exotic animal formulary. Holt KK, et al:
Veterinary Values, Veterinary
Medicine Publishing, Lenexa,
KS 5 159-245 1998.
1318. Clubb SL, Johnston DE: Bristol
Veterinary Handbook of
Antimicrobial Therapy,
Veterinary Learning Systems,
Trenton, NJ 2 188-99 1987.
1319. Hoeffer H: Antimicrobials in
pet birds Bonagura, J Current
Philadelphia XII 1278-83 1995.
340
1320. Clyde V, Paul-Murphy J: Avian

analgesia. Bonagura J: Current
Philadelphia XIII 1126-8 2000.
1323. McConnell VC, Hughey T:
Formulary. Univ of Georgia Vet
Hospital, Athens, GA 1987.
1324. Hillyer E: Avian dermatology.
Birchard S, Sherding,R: Manual
of Small Animal Practice ,WB
1994.
1325. Stunkard JM: Diagnosis,
Treatment and Husbandry of
Pet Birds, Stunkard Publishing
Edgewater, MD 1984.
1326. Lothrop CD, Harrison GJ, et al:
Miscellaneous diseases
Harrison GJ, Harrison LR:
Clinical Avian Medicine and
Surgery, WB Saunders,
1329. Tully T: Psittacine therapeutics,
Vet Clinic NA Exotic Anim Prac,
59-90 2000.
1330. Velasco MC: Candidiasis and
cryptococcosis in Birds, Semin
2000.
1332. Flammer K: Oropharyngeal diseases in caged birds. Kirk RW:
Current Veterinary Therapy
Small Animal, WB Saunders,
Philadelphia IX 699-702 1986.
1334. Sandmeier P, Coutteel P:
Management of canaries,
finches and mynahs. Harrison
G, Lightfoot T (eds): Clinical
Avian Medicine, 878-914 2005.
1335. Roberson EL: Antinematodal
agents. Booth NH, McDonald
LE: Veterinary Pharmacology
and Therapeutics, Iowa State
University Press, Ames, IA 6
882-927 1988.
1336. Marshall R: Avian anthelmintics
and antiprotozoals, Semin
1993.
1337. Calvert C, Mieurs K: CVT
update. Bonagura J: Current
1338. Dalhausen B, Lindstrom J, et
al: The use of terbinafine in the
treatment of avian fungal disease, Proc Assoc Avian Vet,
Portland 35-9 2000.
1341. Paul-Murphy J, Ludders J: Avian
analgesia. Heard DJ: Vet Clinic
NA Exotic Anim Prac, WB
Saunders Philadelphia 4 35-45
2001.
1347. Machin KL, Livingston A:
Assessment of the analgesic
effects of ketoprofen in duck
anesthetized with isoflurane,
Am J Vet Res 63 821-6 2002.
1348. Phalen DN Implications of
macrorhabdosis in clinical disorders. Harrison G, Lightfoot T
705-710 2005.
1349. Filippich JL, Herdrikz JK:
Prevalence of megabacteria in
budgerigar colonies, Aust Vet J
76 92-5 1998.
1350. Phalen DN, Tomaszewski D,
Davis A: Investigation into the
detection, treatment and pathogenicity of avian gastric yeast,
Proc Assoc Avian Vet 49-51
2002.
1352. Phalen DN: Implications of

viruses in clinical disorders.
1353. Cranfield MR: Sphenisciformes
(Penguins). Fowler ME, Miller
ER: Zoo and Wild Animal
Medicine, Saunders, St. Louis,
MO 5 103-10 2003.
1354. Stoskopf MD, Beall FB: The
husbandry and medicine of
captive penguins, Proc Am
Assoc Zoo Vet Washington DC
81-91 1982.
1355. Cranfield MR, Shaw M, et al: A
review and update of avian
malaria in the African penguin,
Proc Am Assoc Zoo Vet, S Padre
Is, TX 1990.
1357. Carpenter JW, Mashima TY,
Rupier DJ: Raptor Biomedicine,
Greystone Publications,
Manhattan, KS 1996.
1358. Kearns KS: Anseriformes
(Waterfowl, Screamers) Zoo
and Wild Animal Medicine 1419 2003.
1359. Redig PT: Falconiformes
(Vultures, Hawks, Falcons,
Secretary Bird), Zoo and Wild
Animal Medicine 150-61 2003.
1361. Carpenter JW: Gruiformes
(Cranes, Limpkins, Rails,
Gallinules, Coots, Bustards),
Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine
171-80 2003.
1363. Olsen GH, Carpenter JW et al:
Cranes. Altman RB, Clubb SL,
et al: Avian Medicine and
Surgery, WB Saunders
1364. Schultz DJ: Columbiformes
(Pigeons, Doves), Zoo and Wild
Animal Medicine 180-7 2003.
1365. Lamberski N: Psittaciformes
(Parrots, Macaws, Lories), Zoo
and Wild Animal Medicine 187210 2003.
1366. Flammer K, Whitt-Smith D:
Plasma concentrations of
enrofloxacin in psittacine birds
offered water medicated with
200 mg/l, J Avian Med Surg
16(4) 287-90 2002.
1367. Crosta L: Alloplastic and heteroplastic bill prostheses in 2
Ramphistidae birds, J Avian
Med Surg 16(3) 218-22 2002.
1368. Ryan TP: Grit impaction in 2
neonatal African grey parrots, J
Avian Med Surg 16(3) 230-3
2002.
1369. Lamberski N, Theon AP:
Concurrent irradiation and
intratumoral chemotherapy
with cisplatin for treatment of a
fibrosarcoma, J Avian Med Surg
16(3) 234-8 2002.
1370. Heinz K, Tully TN: What is your
diagnosis? J Avian Med Surg
16(3) 245-6 2002.
1372. Samour JH, Naldo JL:
Diagnosis and therapeutic
management of candidiasis in
falcons in Saudi Arabia, J Avian
Med Surg 16(2) 129-32 2002.
1373. Bauck L: Mycoses. Ritchie B,
Harrison G, et al: Avian
Medicine: Principles and
Application: Wingers
Publishing, Lake Worth, FL 9971006 1994.
1374. Oglesbee BL: Mycotic diseases.
Altman RB, Clubb SL, et al:
Avian Medicine and Surgery,
WB Saunders, Philadelphia
323-31 1997.
1375. Boydell IP, Forbes NA: Diseases

of the head (including the
eyes). Beynon PH, Forbes NA:
Manual of Raptors, Pigeons and
Waterfowl, BSAVA, Cheltenham
140-6 1996.
1376. Suedmeyer WK, Bermudez AJ,
Fales WH: Treatment of epidermal cysts associated with
Aspergillus and Alternaria
species in a chicken, J Avian
Med Surg 16(2) 133-7 2002.
1377. Hernandez-Divers SJ: Endosurgical debridement and
diode laser ablation of lung
and air sac granulomas in
psittacine birds, J Avian Med
Surg 16(2) 138-45 2002.
1378. Mazet JAK, Newman SH, et al:
Advances in oiled bird emergency medicine and management, J Avian Med Surg 16(2)
146-9 2002.
1379. Navarez J, Tully TN, et al: What
is your diagnosis? J Avian Med
Surg 16(2) 154-8 2002.
1380. Tellier LA, Lair S, Livingston A:
Pharmacodynamics of flunixin
and ketoprofen in mallard
ducks, J Zoo Wildl Med 32 2229 2001.
1381. Samour JH, Naldo J: Diagnosis
and therapeutic management
of lead toxicosis in falcons in
Saudi Arabia, J Avian Med Surg
16(1) 16-20 2002.
1382. Bowles HL, Zantop DW: A
novel surgical technique for
luxation repair of the
femorotibial joint in a monk
parakeet, J Avian Med Surg
16(1) 34-8 2002.
1390. Africa-Avian Clark, RK, Jessup,
DA: Wildlife Restraint Series
IWVS Inc. Salinas, CA, Rev 1992
A7:1-2 1991.
1400. Cooper JE: Medicine and other
agents used in treatment,
including emergency anesthesia kit, Birds of Prey, Health
and Disease, Blackwell Science,
Oxford 3 271-7 2002
1409. Smith SA: Parasites of birds of
prey: their diagnosis and treatment, Semin Avian Exotic Pet
Med, WB Saunders, Philadelphia 5 35-7 1996.
1410. Krone O, Cooper JE: Parasitic
diseases Birds of Prey, Health
and Disease, Blackwell Science,
Oxford 3 107-20 2002.
1411. Smith SA and Smith BJ Lice in
birds of prey Comp Anim
Practice 2 35-7 1988.
1412. Heidenreich M: Birds of Prey,
Medicine and Management,
Wissenschafts-Verlag, Oxford,
UK 1997.
1413. Cawthorn RJ: Cyst forming coccidia in raptors: significant
pathogens or not. Redig PT,
Cooper JE, et al: Raptor
Biomedicine, Univ Minnesota
Press, Minneapolis 1993
1415. Bogue G: Treating endoparasites and ectoparasites in birds
of prey, Methods, J Anim
Health Tech 3 10-3 1980.
1416. Stehle S: Behandlung von
helminthosen bei Greifvogeln
mit fenbendazol Kleintier,
Praxis 22 261-8 1977.
1417. Lawrence K: Efficacy of fenbendazole against nematodes in
captive birds, Vet Rec 122 4334 1983.
1418. Santiago C, Mills PA,
Kirkpatrick CE: Oral capillaria-
sis in a red-tailed hawk: treatment with fenbendazole, J Am

Vet Med Assoc 187 1205-6
1985.
1420. Di Somma A, Garlinzoni M:
Trichomoniasis in high performance falcons, Proc Aust
Assoc Avian Vet 251-4 2002.
1421. Ostrowski S, Shobrak M:
Poisoning by acetylcholinesterase inhibiting pesticides in
free-ranging raptors: a case
report, Falco, Newsletter
Group 20 8-9 2002.
1422. Papich MG, Adams, RA, et al:
Veterinary Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, Iowa State Univ
Press, Ames, IA 918-32 1997.
1423. Jones MP, Orosz SE, et al:
Pharmacokinetic disposition of
itraconazole in redtailed
hawks, J Avian Med Surg 14(1)
15-22 2000.
1424. Orosz SE, Schroeder EC, et al:
The effects of formulation on
the systemic availability of itraconazole in pigeons, J Avian
Med Surg 10 255-62 1996.
1426. Verwoerd D: Case study:
episodic epileptiform seizures
in peregrine falcons in Dubai,
UAE, Falco, Newsletter, Middle
10-13 2001.
1427. Lierz M: Evaluation of the
dosage of ivermectin in falcons,
Vet Rec 148 596-600 2001.
1428. Garcia-Montijano M, Waxman
S, et al: Pharmacokinetics of
marbofloxacin in Eurasian buzzards, Falco, Newsletter,
Group 19 20 2002.
1429. Barton N, Bailey T: Editorial
comment, Falco, Newsletter
Group 20 2002.
1431. Stanford M: Cage and aviary
birds. Meredith A, Redrobe S:
BSAVA Manual of Exotic Pets,
BSAVA, Gloucester, UK 4 15767 2002.
1432. Redrobe S: Pigeons. Meredith
A, Redrobe S: BSAVA Manual of
Exotic Pets, BSAVA, Gloucester,
UK 4 168-78 2002.
1433. Chitty J: Birds of prey. Meredith
A, Redrobe S: BSAVA Manual of
Exotic Pets, BSAVA, Gloucester,
UK 4 179-92 2002.
1434. Redrobe S: Avian medicine and
surgery, www.vetnet.co.uk,
VetNet 10/20/2003.
1435. McCluggage D and Higdon PL
Holistic Care for Birds Howell
Book House New York 1999.
1437. Dorrestein GM: Diagnostic
approaches and management
of diseases in captive passerines, Semin Avian Exotic Pet
Med, Elsevier Science,
1438. Joseph V: Infectious and parasitic diseases of captive passerines, Semin Avian Exotic Pet
1439. Massey JG: Diseases and medical management of wild
Passeriformes, Semin Avian
Exotic Pet Med, Elsevier
Science, Philadelphia 12 29-36
2003.
1441. Rosskopf WJ: Common conditions and syndromes of
canaries, finches, lories and
lorikeets, lovebirds and
macaws, Semin Avian Exotic Pet

1444. Szelinyi Z, Peczely P: Thyroxin
induced moult in domestic
hens, Acta Physiol, Hung 72
143-9 1988.
1445. Johnston MS, Ivey ES:
Parathyroid and ultimobranchial glands: calcium
metabolism in birds, Semin
Avian Exotic Pet Med, Elsevier
Science, Philadelphia 11 84-93
2002.
1446. Koski MA: Dermatologic disease in psittacine birds: an
investigational approach,
Semin Avian Exotic Pet Med,
Elsevier Science, Philadelphia
11 105-24 2002.
1447. Oglesbee BL: Hypothyroidism
in a scarlet macaw, J Am Vet
Med Assoc 201 1599-1601
1992.
1457. Gerlach H: Megabacteriosis,
Semin Avian Exotic Pet Med,
12-9 2001.
1462. Tell L, Silverman S, Wisner E:
Imaging techniques for evaluating the head of birds, reptiles
and small exotic mammals,
Exotic DVM 5.2 31-7 2003.
1463. Taylor M: A wound packing
technique for rabbit dental
abscesses, Exotic DVM 5.3 2831 2003.
1465. Stanford M: Recombinant
omega interferon in combination with F10 nebulization for
the treatmentcircovirus,
Exotic DVM 5.3 43-6 2003.
1466. Flinchum GB: Potential use of
policosanol in the treatment of
hyperlipidemia in pet birds,
Exotic DVM 5.3 51-5 2003.
1468. Bowles HL: Repair of displaced
flexor tendon in two ducks
Exotic DVM 5.3 91-4 2003.
1469. Joseph V Aspergillosis in raptors Semin Avian Exotic Pet
Med WB Saunders Philadelphia
9 66-74 2000.
1470. Redrobe S: Treatment of avian
liver disease, Semin Avian
1472. Bichnese EJ: Review of avian
sarcystosis Proc Assoc Avian Vet
52-8 1992.
1473. Black, D: Medicating birds,
Birds 2000: the KVF Jubb
Refresher Course for
Veterinarians, Post Graduate
Fdn Vet Science, Sydney NSW
334 23-39 2000.
1474. Gelis S: Avian reproduction
and reproductive disorders,
334 187-208 2000.
1475. Gill J: Feather picking, Birds
2000: the KVF Jubb Refresher
Course for Veterinarians, Post
Graduate Fdn Vet Science,
Sydney NSW 334 247-53 2000.
1476. Cannon M: Exotic avian diseases - their diagnosis and
treatment, Birds 2000: the KVF
Jubb Refresher Course for
334 263-80 2000.
1477. Cannon M: Avian behavior,

334 281-312 2000.
1478. Cannon M: Medicine and surgery of aquatic birds, Birds
Sydney NSW 334 313-50 2000.
1479. Madill DN: Parasitology, Birds
Sydney NSW 334 351-81 2000.
1480. Taylor M: Diagnostics 2:
Hematology and biochemistry,
334 385-95 2000.
1481. Taylor M: Avian anesthesia and
analgesia, Birds 2000: the KVF
334 397-405 2000.
1483. Taylor M: Emergency and critical care, Birds 2000: the KVF
334 429-36 2000.
1484. Taylor M: Avian surgical principles, Birds 2000: the KVF Jubb
334 434-35 2000.
1485. Taylor M: Chlamydiosis: disease, diagnosis and treatment,
334 447-53 2000.
1487. McCluggage D: Apple cider
vinegar. ODonaghue D: Exotic
DVM Online Group, Zoological
Education Network, Lake
Worth, FL 10/14 2003.
1488. Flinchum G: Milk thistle seed
vs. dandelion root for treatment of liver disease.
ODonaghue D: Exotic DVM
Online Group, Zoological
Worth, FL 10/14 2003.
1489. Wellehan JFX: Frostbite in
birds: pathophysiology and
treatment, Compend Contin
Educ Prac Vet 25 776-81 2003.
1490. Machin KL, Tellier LA, et al:
Pharmacodynamics of flunixin
and ketoprofen in mallard
ducks, J Zoo Wildl Med 32 8216 2001.
1491. Orosz SE, Jones MP, et al:
Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin
plus clavulanic acid in bluefronted Amazon parrots, J
Avian Med Surg 14 107-12
2000.
1492. Doneley B: Control and
Therapy of Diseases of Birds,
Post Graduate Fdn Vet Science,
Sydney NSW A-21 1996.
1501. Vogelnest L: Triage and treatment of oiled seabirds, Marine
Wildlife: The Fabian Fay Course
for Veterinarians, Post Graduate
335 167-78 2000.
1503. Vogelnest L: Veterinary management of seabirds, Marine
Wildlife: The Fabian Fay Course
335 199-236 2000.

1516. Byme RF, Davis C, et al:
Prescribing for birds, Bishop Y
Veterinary Formulary
Pharmaceutical Press, London
5 43-56 2001.
1519. Cannon M: Orthopedic surgery
in small exotic pets avian,
Internal Medicine: Small
Companion Animals, Post
Sydney NSW 306 285-305
1998.
1526. Vogelnest L: Veterinary management of oiled fauna, Wildlife in
Australia - Healthcare &
Mangement, Post Graduate Fdn
Vet Science, Sydney NSW 327
55-80 1999.
1533. Vogelnest L: Chemical restraint
of Australian native fauna,
Wildlife in Australia Healthcare & Mangement, Post
Sydney NSW 327 149-88 1999.
1549. Bellamy T: First aid for native
fauna, Wildlife in Australia Healthcare & Mangement, Post
Sydney NSW 327 267-71 1999.
1554. Rose K: Common diseases of
urban wildlife, Wildlife in
Australia - Healthcare &
365-430 1999.
1559. Cannon M: Medicine and surgery of aquatic birds, Wildlife
in Australia - Healthcare &
527-68 1999.
1560. Cannon M: Emerging avian diseases - their diagnosis and
treatment, Wildlife in Australia Healthcare & Mangement, Post
Sydney NSW 327 569-86 1999.
1568. Punch P: A retrospective study
of the success of medical and
surgical treatment of wild
Australian raptors, Aust Vet J 79
747-52 2001.
1571. Phalen DN: Avian mycobacteriosis. Bonagura JD: Current
1572. Steinohrt LA: Diagnosis and
treatment of common diseases
of finches. Bonagura JD:
1573. Clyde VL, Paul-Murphy J: Avian
analgesia. Bonagura JD:
1575. David S: Ibuprofen, Private
communication 3/26 2002.
1585. Samour JH, Naldo J: Serratospiculiasis in captive falcons in
the Middle East: A review, J
Avian Med Surg 15(1) 2-9 2001.
1587. Suedmeyer WK, McCaw D,
Turnquist, S: Attempted photodynamic therapy of squamous
cell carcinoma in the casque of
a great hornbill, J Avian Med
Surg 15(1) 44-49 2001.
1589. Abrams GA, Paul-Murphy J, et
al: Aspergillus blepharitis and
dermatitis in peregrine falcongyrfalcon hybrid, J Avian Med
Surg 15(2) 114-120 2001.
1591. Doneley B: Cutaneous cryptococcosis in an African grey par-
341
rot, Proc Aust Assoc Avian Vet

247 1994.
1592. Tully TN, Oliver JL: What is
your diagnosis? J Avian Med
Surg 15(2) 147-8 2001.
1593. Sherrill J, Ware LH, et al:
Contrast radiography with positive-pressure insufflation in
northern pintails, J Avian Med
Surg 15(3) 178-86 2001.
1609. Perry RA: Rehabilitation of
birds, Australian Wildlife: John
Keep Refresher Course, Post
Graduate Comm Vet Science,
Sydney NSW 104 115-210
1988.
1612. Jakob-Hoff RM: The husbandry
and diseases of raptors,
Australian Wildlife: John Keep
Refresher Course, Post
Sydney NSW 104 403-51 1988.
1613. Gill J: Parrot diseases and
nutrition, Australian Wildlife:
John Keep Refresher Course,
Post Graduate Comm Vet
Science, Sydney NSW 104 585610 1988.
1614. Harrigan KE: Causes of mortality in Little penguins,
Australian Wildlife: John Keep
Refresher Course, Post
Sydney NSW 104 705-16 1988.
1617. Vogelnest L: Veterinary care of
wild Australian native birds II medicine, Wildlife: TG
Hungerford Refresher Course
Comm Vet Science, Sydney
NSW 233 141-89 1994.
1618. Cannon M: Avian orthopaedics,
Wildlife: TG Hungerford
NSW 233 373-93 1994.
1620. Ferrell ST, Tell L: Clostridium
tertium infection in a rainbow
lorikeet with enteritis, J Avian
Med Surg 15(3) 204-8 2001.
1621. Langlois I, Jones MP: Ventral
abdominal hernia associated
with hepatic lipidosis in a red
lory, J Avian Med Surg 15(3)
216-22 2001.
1622. Tully TN, Porthouse K, Taylor
W: What is your diagnosis? J
2001.
1624. Wellehan JFX, Zens MS, et al:
Diagnosis and treatment of
conjunctivitis in house finches
associated mycoplasmosis in
Minnesota, J Wildl Dis 37 24551 2001.
1625. Flammer K, Whit-Smith D,
Papich M: Plasma concentrations of doxycycline in selected
psittacine birds when administered in water, J Avian Med
Surg 15(4) 276-82 2001.
1626. Jones R, Redig PT: Autogenous
callus for repair of a humeral
cortical defect in a red-tailed
hawk, J Avian Med Surg 15(4)
302-9 2001.
1631. Itoh N, Kikuchi N, Hiramune T:
Antimicrobial effects of
amikacin therapy on experimentally induce Salmonella
typhimurium infection, Proc
World Veterinary Congress
World Veterinary Association,
Yokohama, Japan XXV 149
1995.
1632. Hegazi AG, Abd El Haey FK,
Turker S: Evidence of chicken
342
immune status after propolis

administration, Proc World
Veterinary Congress World
Veterinary Association,
Yokohama, Japan XXV 159
1995.
1633. Fukomoto Y, Daimaru H, et al:
Acceleration of wound healing
of chitosan in zoo and wild animals, Proc World Veterinary
Congress World Veterinary
Association, Yokohama, Japan
XXV 111 1995.
1638. Powers LV, Flammer K, Papich
M: Preliminary investigation of
doxycycline plasma concentration in cockatiels after administration, J Avian Med Surg 14(1)
23-30 2000.
1639. Flammer K, Aucoin DP, Whitt
D: Preliminary report on the
use of doxycyclinemedicated
feed in psittacine birds, Proc
Assoc Avian Vet AAV, Chicago 14 1991.
1640. Dorrestein GM: Doxycycline
formulations for avian use,
Proc Assoc Avian Vet AAV,
Chicago 5-7 1991.
1644. Gentz EJ, Linn KA: Use of a
dorsal cervical single pedicle
advancement flap in 3 birds
with cranial skin defects, J
2000.
1645. Echols MS, Craig TM, Speer BL:
Heartworm infection in 2
saddle-billed storks, J Avian
Med Surg 14(1) 42-7 2000.
1646. Miller S, Fleetwood J, Williams
J: What is your diagnosis? J
2000.
1647. Gibbons P, Horton S: What is
your diagnosis? J Avian Med
Surg 14(1) 60-4 2000.
1648. Vogelnest L: Birds and Reptiles
Urban Wildlife, Post Graduate
NSW 204 1-48 1992.
1650. Doneley B: Control & Therapy
of Diseases of Birds, TG
Hungerford Course, Post Grad
Foundation Vet Sci, Sydney
NSW A 21 1996.
1653. Meyer KF, Eddie B, et al:
Chemotherapy in the control
of psittacosis in parakeets.
Richardson JH: Progress in psittacosis research and control,
Rudgers Univ Press, New
Brunswick 163 1958.
1656. Gaggermeier B, Henke J, et al:
Investigation on analgesia in
domestic pigeons using
buprenorphine and butorphanol, Proc Eur Chap Assoc
Avian Vet, Munich 6 70-74
2001.
1668. Dahlhausen RB: Implications of
mycoses in clinical disorders.

1669. Doneley B: Semen collection in
the ostrich, Ostrich Odyssey,
Australian Ostrich Assoc 1996.
1671. Mansour A, Khachaturian H, et
al: Anatomy of CNS opioid
receptors, TINS 11 308-14 88
1675. Woolf CJ, Chong MS:
Preemptive analgesia - treating
postoperative pain by preventing the establishmentsensitization, Anesth Analg 77 362-79
1993.
1682. Ness RD: Integrative therapies.
1683. Filippich LJ: First aid in birds.
Hand SJ: Care and Handling of
Australian Native Animals,
Surrey Beatty and Sons
Chipping Norton Revised 53-62
1997.
1691. Bowles HL: Management with
potassium bromide of seizures
of an undetermined origin in
an umbrella cockatoo, Exotic
DVM 5.4 7-8 2003.
1694. Levine BS: Review of antibioticimpregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads in avian an exotic
pets, Exotic DVM 5.4 11-4
2003.
1695. Gardner G, Brown C, et al:
Selected topics in captive swan
medicine and surgery, Exotic
DVM 5.4 33-8 2003.
1697. Harrison GJ: Amazon upper
respiratory case report, Avian
Examiner 1-12 3-4 1998.
1698. Hudelson S: Use of Spartrix,
Avian Examiner 1-12 4 1998.
1699. Hudelson S: Comment on
prostaglandins, Avian Examiner
1-12 6 1998.
1700. Cornelissen H: Treatment of
hemochromatosis, Avian
Examiner 1-12 11 1998.
1702. Lightfoot T: HCG for feather
picking, Avian Examiner 1-12
16 1998.
1703. Harrison GJ: Suspected polyomavirus in finches, Avian
Examiner 1-12 16 1998.
1704. McCluggage D: Nutritional
therapy for African greys, Avian
Examiner 1-12 23 1998.
1705. Harrison GJ: Home remedies,
1707. Harrison GJ: More on heparin,
1708. Harrison GJ: Results with
Hetastarch, Avian Examiner 112 27 1998.
1714. Flinchum G: Convulsing cockatiels, canary, Avian Examiner
1-12 35 1998.
1715. Zantop D: Cisapride use in

birds, Avian Examiner 1-12 35
1998.
1716. Gerlach H: Immune stimulators
in birds, Avian Examiner 1-12
36 1998.
1720. Flinchum G: More on glyburide
for cockatiel PU/PD, Avian
Examiner 17 2 1999.
1721. Zantop D: Using leuprolide
acetate to manage common
avian reproductive problems,
Avian Examiner 18 2 1999.
1722. Hochleithner C, Hochleithner
M: Treatment of liver disease in
psittacine birds, Avian
Examiner 18 2-3 1999.
1723. Graham H, Vlamis G: Bach
flower remedies for birds,
1724. Flinchum G: Corticosteroid use
in birds, Avian Examiner 20 2
2001.
1725. Harrison G: Uses of Avizyme,
1726 Doneley B: Treatment of diabetes mellitus in a galah, Avian
Examiner 21 7 2002.
1727. Whats new, Avian Examiner 23
5 2003.
1728. Kramer MH: Diagnosing avian
cryptosporidium, Avian
Examiner 24 4 2003.
1729. Sandmeier P: Use of fipronil in
canaries, Avian Examiner 25 3
2003.
1731. Morelli C, Finkelstein A:
Common parasitic diseases of
passerines, Exotic DVM 5.6 1112 2004.
1732. Dorrestein GM: Passerines and
softbill therapeutics, Vet Clinic
NA Exotic Anim Prac, WB
2000.
1736. Dorrestein GM, Zwart P, van
der Hage MH: Pet Bird Nutrition. Rubel A, Baumgartner R:
Proc Eur Chap Assoc Avian Vet,
Vienna 1 10-19 1991.
1737. Trah M: Tilest - ein neues
narkotikum auch fr dir vogelpraxis? Kleintier Praxis 35 4136 1990.
1738. McDonald SE: A selection of
disease syndromes in psittacine
birds. Rubel A, Baumgartner R:
Proc Eur Chap Assoc Avian Vet,
Vienna 1 46-73 1991.
1739. Orosz SE, et al: Pharmacokinetic properties of itraconazole in Blue-fronted
Amazon Parrots (Amazona aestiva aestiva), J Avian Med Surg
10 168-73 1996.
1740. Phalen D: Respiratory medicine
of cage and aviary birds, Vet
Clinic NA Exotic Anim Prac 3
423-52 2000.
1741. Orosz SE, et al: The effects of
formulation on the systemic

availability of itraconazole in
pigeons, J Avian Med Surg 9
255-62 1995.
1742. Joseph V, Pappagianis D, Reavill
DR: Clotrimazole nebulization
for the treatment of respiratory
aspergillosis, Proc Annu Conf
Assoc Avian Vet 301-6 1994.
1743. Dahlhausen RD, Lindstrom JG,
Radabaugh CS: The use of
terbinafine hydrochloride in
the treatment of avian fungal
disease, Proc Annu Conf Assoc
Avian Vet 35-9 2000.
1744. Rupiper DJ: Diseases that affect
race performance of homing
pigeons. Part II: bacterial, fungal, parasitic, J Avian Med Surg
12 138-48 1998.
1747. Hoogesteijn AL, et al: Oral
treatment of avian lead intoxication with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, J Zoo Anim
Med 34 82-7 2003.
1748. Cannon M: Avian cryptococcosis, a case report. Proc Aust
Assoc Avian Vet, Noosa QLD 1-5
1999.
1750. Dahlhausen B, Aldred MD,
Colaizzi E: Resolution of clinical proventricular dilatation
disease by cyclooxygenase 2
inhibition, Proc Assoc Avian Vet
9-12 2002.
1752. Clippinger TL, Platt SR:
Seizures. Olsen GH, Orosz SE:
Manual of Avian Medicine
Mosby, St. Louis, MO 170-82
2000.
1753. Harrison GJ: Long term primidone use in an Amazon, AAV
Newsletter, AAV 4 89 1982.
1756. Echols MS: Evaluating and
treating the kidneys. Harrison
G, Lightfoot T (eds): Clinical
Avian Medicine, 451-492 2005.
1757. Dennis PM, Bennett RA:
Ureterotomy for removal of
two ureteroliths in a parrot, J
Am Vet Med Assoc 217 865-8
2000.
1758. Lumeij JT: Pathophysiology,
diagnosis and treatment of
renal disease in birds of prey.
Lumeij JT, et al: Raptor
Biomedicine, Zoological
Worth, FL III 169-78 2000.
1759. Goecke CS, Goldstein DL:
Renal glomerular and tubular
effects of antidiuretic hormone
and two antidiuretic analogues
sparrow, Physiol Zool 70
283-91 1997.

09 Therapeutic Agents

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

09 Therapeutic Agents

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHAPTER

Amazon, Red Lored

For Pacheco's virus

For nematodes and Capillaria

Change feed BID

For Pacheco's disease

For herpesvirus, (also ref # 1560, 1650)

Absorb ingested toxins

Give after first dose of fluids for oiled birds

COMMENTS (see references for

Eagle (African Fish, Hawk, Tawny)

For wild injured raptors anesthesia induction

May cause transient apnea, surgical anesthesia

Short duration, may be apnea

COMMENTS (see references for

1446, 111, 1240

111, 1240. 1473

Soak food in solution

Add aloe vera + 4 drops sulfonate detergent,

For behavioral feather picking

Add acetylcysteine, antibiotic, 5 ml NaCl

COMMENTS (see references for

Precede with ticarcillin

COMMENTS (see references for

For staphylococcal dermatitis

For localized gut infection

For frostbite associated skin infection

Pre- and post-operative

For neonatal septicemia

For bacterial infection with liver disease

Useful in young birds

Dosage based on amoxicillin

For flock treatment of bacterial and

COMMENTS (see references for

May give combination of both oral and

May give combination of both oral and

Add IT amphotericin B + flucytosine +

Add flucytosine + IV amphotericin B,

COMMENTS (see references for

For viral infection, liver disease, stress

Nutritional use, 5-day slaughter withdrawal

Give thiabendazole previous day

Use 20% powder formulation

Coccidiostatic, overdose reversed by

May give combination of both oral and

COMMENTS (see references for

0.1 g/kg food

Arecoline Hydrobromide Pelican, Brown

Amazon, Red Lored

Apply to animal facilities, insect spray

[May thicken secretions and increase risk of

For acetylcholinesterase poisoning

For anticholinesterase poisoning

Add flumazenil to reverse ketamine +

Chronic GI problems and infections

Add fatty acid omega 6:omega 3 < 6:1 ratio,

COMMENTS (see references for

201, 1533, 1573

May help remove ingested toxins

During regrowth of claw

G.I. protectant and antiinflammatory

Nutritional use, no slaughter withdrawal

For calming effect, also apply topically as

Add metomidate, chick dosage