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LUPUS ERITEMATOSUS SISTEMIK

ABSTRAK
Lupus eritematosus sistemik (LES) adalah penyakit inflamasi kronis yang memiliki
manifestasi klinis yang beragam dan sering diikuti episode remisi dan relaps. Lebih dari 90%
kasus SLE terjadi pada wanita, sering dimulai pada usia subur. Penyakit ini dapat
mempengaruhi hampir semua sistem organ; sehingga tampakan dan perjalanannya sangat
bervariasi. Gambaran khas adanya trias berupa demam, nyeri sendi, dan ruam pada wanita
usia subur perlu dicurigai diagnosis LES. Diagnosis LES didasarkan pada kombinasi temuan
klinis dan bukti laboratorium. Mengenal kriteria diagnostik dapat membantu dokter untuk
mengenali LES dan sub-klasifikasi penyakit kompleks ini didasarkan pada pola manifestasi
target organ. Adanya 4 dari 11 kriteria menurut American College of Rheumatology (ACR)
memiliki sensitivitas 85% dan spesifisitas 95%. Kriteria tersebut kemudian direvisi oleh
Systemic Lupus Internasional Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) pada tahun 2012, dimana
seseorang didiagnosis menderita LES dengan adanya nefritis lupus dari hasil disertai adanya
ANA atau antibodi anti-dsDNA atau jika 4 dari kriteria diagnostik, termasuk setidaknya 1 klinis
dan 1 kriteria imunologi, telah terpenuhi. Manajemen SLE sering tergantung pada tingkat
keparahan penyakit dan manifestasinya dari masing-masing individu. Obat yang dapat
digunakan untuk mengobati manifestasi LES antara lain: Antimalaria (misalnya,
hydroksiklorokuin), Kortikosteroid (misalnya, metilprednisolon, prednison), sitostatic
(siklofosfamid, metotreksat, siklosporin), dan obat anti-inflamasi nonsteroid (OAINS, misalnya,
ibuprofen, naproksen, diklofenak).
Kata kunci: Lupus eritematosus sistemik, LES,
ABSTRACT
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease that has protean
manifestations and follows a relapsing and remitting course. More than 90% of cases of SLE
occur in women, frequently starting at childbearing age. It can affect almost any organ system;
thus, its presentation and course are highly variable. The classic presentation of a triad of fever,
joint pain, and rash in a woman of childbearing age should prompt investigation into the
diagnosis of SLE. The diagnosis of SLE is based on a combination of clinical findings and
laboratory evidence. Familiarity with the diagnostic criteria helps clinicians to recognize
SLE and to subclassify this complex disease based on the pattern of target-organ manifestations.
The presence of 4 of the 11 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria yields a sensitivity
of 85% and a specificity of 95% for SLE. It was then revised by the Systemic Lupus International
Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) in 2012, which classified a person as having SLE in the presence
of biopsy-proven lupus nephritis with ANA or anti-dsDNA antibodies or if 4 of the diagnostic
criteria, including at least 1 clinical and 1 immunologic criterion, have been satisfied.
Management of SLE often depends on the individuals disease severity and disease
manifestations. Medications used to treat SLE manifestations include: Antimalarials (eg,
hydroxychloroquine), Corticosteroids (eg, methylprednisolone, prednisone), sitostatics
(Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, cyclosporine), and Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDS; eg, ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac).
Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE,

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