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Electronic Circuits & Systems (EE2/EEP3) Semester A 2005/2006

Tutorial Sheet No 1 (CEW) 3 pages
Q1.

(a) Using Figure Question Figure 1, find the resistor weights of the inverting adder with
outputs proportional to all combinations of a 3-bit word. Prove your design with the
appropriate analysis by the Principle of Superposition.
[Weight R1, R2 and R3 in the ratio 4:2:1]
(b) If logic high is at 3.8V, redesign the circuit so that the output gives the decimal equivalents
of the 3-bit word ((001)2 = 1V).
[Rf = R1/3.8]
Rf

R1

A (LSB)

R2

R3

C (MSB)

Figure Question 1

Q2.

Repeat Q1 but using an op-amp in non-inverting mode.

Firstly, put R1 = R2 = R3 = Rx =R in the circuit of Figure Question 2, and derive an
expression for Vout using the Principle of Superposition. Remember that when the input is
logic low it is effectively at ground potential
Secondly, weight the resistors R1, R2 and R3 in the same proportion as in Q1 above, and then
adjust the gain with Rf to provide the correct decimal output.
Rf

R1

A (LSB)
B
C (MSB)

R2
R3

Rx

Figure Question 2

Q3.

What are the two most significant disadvantages of the circuits in Q1 and Q2?

Q4.

Analyse the comparator in Figure Question 4 on page 2 and sketch the output waveforms with
respect to the inputs for the following conditions.
(Hint: determine when V1 = V2)
(a) With V1 and V2 as shown;

[Why not use graph paper?]

(b) With V1 and V2 reversed;

(c) With V1 leading V2 by 90, for both conditions of (a) and (b).

V1 is 3V peak
sinusoidal

V2 is 1.5V peak
cosinusoidal

V1
-5V
Vout
+5V
V2

Figure Question 4

Q5.

How could you convert the circuit of Figure Question 4 into a zero-crossing detector, and
what could be a major disadvantage of such a circuit?

Q6.

The circuit of Figure Question 6 is to be used as an integrator. In the s-plane (put s = jw) show
that the cut-off frequency, transfer function and phase response are given by:
Rf

1
=
CfR

H (s) =
f

R1

R1
1 + sC f R f

= 180 + tan

w0

Rf

Vin

Cf

Vout

Figure Question 6

Q7.

In the above circuit, Rf = 100k, R1 = 10k, Cf = 100nF. Estimate the following without using
the formula for H(s)!
(a) The gain in dB at the cut-off frequency
(b) The approximate gain in dB at 10.w0
Calculate f0 and sketch the transfer function in dB and phase response in degrees over 4
decades from 1Hz

Q8.

In the above circuit, Vin = 1sin(2000t). Determine the expression for Vout, and check the
magnitude against your plot of the transfer function.
[0.159sin(2000t + /2) = 0.159cos(2000t) i.e. a cosine wave at 16dB]

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Q9.

In the above circuit, reverse the positions of the parallel combination of Cf and Rf with R1.
What type of circuit now exists? Show that the transfer function, cut-off frequency and phase
response are given by:
w

1
CfR

H (s) =
f

R1
sC f R 1
Rf

= 180 + tan

w
w
0

and repeat the exercises of Q7 and Q8.

[6.28sin(2000t /2) = 6.28cos(2000t + ) i.e. an inverted cosine wave at +16dB]
Q10.

Comment qualitatively on the response of the two circuits in Q6 and Q9 i.e. compare what is
happening to the magnitude and phase response with increasing frequency in each case.

Q11.

Why are the responses not true mathematical integration and differentiation? Show that the
correct magnitude and phase responses should be:
R

H (s) =

H (s) =

R1
1 + sC f R

= tan

= tan

R1
+ sC f R 1
Rf

w0

w0

How could this be achieved in practice?

for the integrator

for the differentiator