What are the other Names for this Condition?

(Also known as/Synonyms)

Nonhemophilic Hemosiderotic Synovitis
What is Hemosiderotic Synovitis? (Definition/Background Information)
Hemosiderotic Synovitis is inflammation of the synovium due to chronic bleeding into a joint
space (also known as intra-articular hemorrhage). It is a rare and frequently long-standing
condition. The synovium refers to the lubricating fluid found in the joints (knee, elbow)
An individual (usually an adult male) may experience continuously recurring pain and
inflammation at the joints, difficult joint movement and joint stiffness. Commonly the knees,
elbows, and ankles are affected
Sometimes, Hemosiderotic Synovitis may affect the joint severely causing walking difficulties,
affecting daily life and routine activities. It can also lead to long-term complications such as
osteoarthritis
Mild Hemosiderotic Synovitis may be treated using conservative measures and medications,
though severe cases may require surgical intervention. The prognosis of Hemosiderotic Synovitis
is generally good with proper treatment, but this also depends upon the severity of the condition
Who gets Hemosiderotic Synovitis? (Age and Sex Distribution)
Hemosiderotic Synovitis typically affects young adults in the 20-40 year age group. A male
predominance has been observed
There is no specific racial or ethnic preference observed and this joint disorder is seen worldwide
What are the Risk Factors for Hemosiderotic Synovitis? (Predisposing Factors)
The risk factors for Hemosiderotic Synovitis include the following:
Hemophilia and other bleeding disorders
Recurrent injury to the joints, which typically occurs in athletes and sportspersons
Bleeding from synovial hemangioma (a benign vascular tumor of the synovium)
It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk
factor increases ones chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk
factors. Some risk factors are more important than others.
Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is
always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.
What are the Causes of Hemosiderotic Synovitis? (Etiology)
The exact cause and mechanism of Hemosiderotic Synovitis occurrence is unknown
When there is chronic bleeding into the synovial cavity at the joints, it results in inflammation of
the joints
This bleeding may be due to bleeding disorders, trauma to the joints, or benign tumors
What are the Signs and Symptoms of Hemosiderotic Synovitis?
Hemosiderotic Synovitis affects the joints and the signs and symptoms may include:
Chronic bleeding into the joints causing joint pain (recurrent pain) and stiffness; swollen joints
Restricted joint movements, difficulty moving the joints
The commonly affected joints are the knees, elbows, and ankles
How is Hemosiderotic Synovitis Diagnosed?

A diagnosis of Hemosiderotic Synovitis is made using the following tools:

Complete physical examination with evaluation of medical history
X-ray, CT scan, or MRI scan of the affected joint
Joint aspiration to analyze the synovial fluid
Arthroscopic synovial tissue biopsy: A biopsy is performed and sent to a laboratory for a
pathological examination. The pathologist examines the biopsy under a microscope. After putting
together clinical findings, special studies on tissues (if needed) and with microscope findings, the
pathologist arrives at a definitive diagnosis
Analysis of joint fluid for crystals
Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may
perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.
What are the possible Complications of Hemosiderotic Synovitis?
Complications due to Hemosiderotic Synovitis could include:
Severe joint pain: The mobility of the joints can be constrained, leading to difficulty in walking
and pe