GRD Journals | Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | Recent Advances in Civil Engineering for Global

Sustainability | March 2016

e-ISSN: 2455-5703

Experimental Study on the Enhancement in

Concrete Due to the Ultra-Fine Particles
1Ahmed

Abubakar Jariwala 2Dhaduk Dipak 3Abhishek Rana 4Sunil Jaganiya 5Pritesh Rathod
1,2,3
Student 4,5Assistant Professor
1,2,3,4,5
Department of Civil Engineering
1,2,3,4,5
GIDC Degree Engineering College, Navsari, Gujarat, India
Abstract

From the early age, cement is widely used construction material in any type of construction projects. In the modern era, the need
and demand of the High Performance Concrete is increasing exponentially. Today Engineering is designing unparalleled
structures that are contravention the rulebooks of conventional construction material like Concrete. These changes in the
construction industry upsurge the need of the inventive materials. Introducing Micro-Fine particles, an advanced material in
concrete that assist cement to overcome its feeble parts and have non-hazardous effect to people. In this paper we are going to
discuss about the efficiency, economy and performance of the concrete with the addition of these Micro-Fine Particles obtained
from industrial waste. The program is consisted of designing a suitable concrete mix design with the Micro Fine Particles to
improve the different parameters in concrete like Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Split Tensile Strength and Chlorine
Permeability in concrete. The entire test on concrete is conducted with the different percentage of replacement of cement with
mineral admixtures. From this results we can say that the in micro fine materials the effect of each material on concrete and its
advantages and disadvantages of Micro Fine particles. Testing on the concrete is conducted at M60 Grade.
Keyword- Alccofine, High Performance Concrete, Micro-Fine Particles, Sustainable Development, Silica Fume, UltraFine Fly-Ash, Waste Materials, Chemical & Mineral Admixtures
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION
Micro-Fine Particles are basically, A specially processed enhanced materials which are specifically designed and manufactured
from the industrial wastes like Iron ore, Fly-Ash, etc. Silica Fume, Alccofine & Ultra-Fine Fly-Ash, these are the some micro
fine particles that are manufactured. Every Micro Fine material possesses its unique properties as it imposed on it for a special
purpose and to enhance the specific property of the concrete. Apart from the enhancing the properties of the cement, it also helps
to reduce the Cement Content in Concrete, ultimately reducing the carbon footprint in the construction industry. Increase in the
demand for the Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) & higher grade concrete, also shows the need of superior quality concrete in the
construction industry, i.e. Demand for Sustainable Development.

II. MICRO FINE MATERIALS

A. Silica Fume
Silica Fume also known as Micro-Silica, it is micro fine particles that is used in the concrete as the mineral admixture to improve
the different properties of the concrete like workability, Early age strength, Durability, Highly pumpable concrete, Lower the
water cement ratio and to develop High Strength Concrete. As an industrial waste material which has property of binding action
like cement can be used in concrete as partial replacement, thus reducing the cement content in the concrete and also without
sacrificing the strength of concrete and its durability. Silica fume is a by-product of coal fired Ferro-Silicon alloy industries.
Efforts are made all over the world to make use of silica fume in concretes. But so far, only a trivial amount of silica fume
produced is put to use. A replacement of 20- 30% is considered as optimum and uncertainties are expressed at higher quantities
on the behaviour of concrete.

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138

Experimental Study on the Enhancement in Concrete Due to the Ultra-Fine Particles

(GRDJE / CONFERENCE / RACEGS-2016 / 025)

Fig. 1: Properties of Silica Fume in Concrete

Fig. 2: Capture of Silica Fume

The problems associated with the silica fume were recognized long ago and investigations to make use of silica fume in
cement were started very actively decades ago. A large number of investigations have been carried out all over the wor1d.
B. Alccofine
Alccofine is micro fine particles developed by the Ambuja cement. Alccofine is material which is obtained from the waste
materials of the Iron Ore Industry. It is new material in which is recently made commercially available for the construction
industry. Some of the research papers are developed on it showing higher strength gain at early ages as compared to the plain
cement concrete. We are currently working on the effect of this material in concrete in the early & later age strength. The size of
the particles in the Alccofine is 4-6 Microns. The chemical composition of the Alccofine shows higher percentage of the
Alumina Content and Silica Content. The main advantage of the Alccofine over silica fume is the feasibility for the site work and
health of the workers. Also the Alccofine is economical as compared to silica fume.
Chemical Properties

Cement

Alccofine

Silica Fume

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Calcium oxide (CaO)
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3)
Iron oxide (Fe2O3)
Magnesium oxide (MgO)

22.03
65.19
4.03
3.67
0.88

30-36
30-34
18-25
0.8-3.0
6-10

96
0.1
0.1
0.6
0.2

Sulphite (SO3)

2.86

0.1-0.4

Sodium oxide (Na2O)

0.12

0.1

Potassium oxide (K2O)

0.20

0.4

Table 1: Chemical Properties of Cement, Alccofine & Silica Fume.

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139

Experimental Study on the Enhancement in Concrete Due to the Ultra-Fine Particles

(GRDJE / CONFERENCE / RACEGS-2016 / 025)

Physical Properties
Cement
Alccofine Silica Fume
Specific Gravity
3.15
2.6
2.2
Normal Consistency
30-35%
Initial Setting Time (min)
> 30
Final Setting Time (min) < 600 min
Surface Area (cm2/gm)
12,000
20,000
Particle Size (m)
6-7
4-6
1-2
Table 2: Chemical Properties of Cement, Alccofine & Silica Fume.

C. Ultra-Fine Fly-Ash
This is another Ultra-Fine Particles, unlikely to the silica fume and Alccofine this micro fine material is used as micro filler. This
material doesnt possess reactive chemical properties. Thus this can be used as micro filler. It is observed that the workability of
the concrete is increased by using the Ultra-Fine Fly Ash. Further results are not tested as we are working on the high grade
concrete.

III. CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

Materials
Cement
Silica Fume
Alccofine
Chemical Admixture
Water

Concrete Mix Design For M60 Grade Concrete

Reference Mix Plain Cement
Alccofine
530
96%, 94%, 92%, 90%
0
0
4%, 6%, 8%, 10%
6
6
154

154

Silica Fume
96%, 94%, 92%, 90%
4%, 6%, 8%, 10%
6
154

Table 3: Concrete Mix Design

IV. TECHNICAL BENEFITS

A.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Fresh State
Improves workability retention.
Improves flow ability.
Improves rheology.
Reduces segregation.
Reduces heat of hydration.

B.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Hardened State
Improves durability.
Improves strength at all ages.
Improves resistance to chemical attack / corrosion.
Imparts light color.
Lowers permeability.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

It is not possible to prepare a project report without the assistance & encouragement of other people. This one is certainly
no exception.
On the very outset of this report, I would like to extend my sincere & heartfelt obligation towards all the personages who
have helped me in this endeavor.
Without their active guidance, help, cooperation & encouragement, I would not have made headway in the project.
I am ineffably indebted to Prof. Sunil Jaganiya & Prof. Pritesh Rathod for conscientious guidance and encouragement to
accomplish this assignment.
I also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, my gratitude towards my parents and member of my family, who has
always supported me morally as well as economically.
At last but not least gratitude goes to all of my friends who directly or indirectly helped me to complete this project report.
Any omission in this brief acknowledgement does not mean lack of gratitude.
Thanking You
Ahmed Abubakar Jariwala, Abhishek Rana & Dipak Dhaduk.

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Experimental Study on the Enhancement in Concrete Due to the Ultra-Fine Particles

(GRDJE / CONFERENCE / RACEGS-2016 / 025)

REFERENCES
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Professor, SVBIT. Effect of Alccofine
and Fly Ash Addition on the Durability of
High Performance Concrete.
[2] Ambuja Cement, Experimental study of strength relationship of concrete cube and concrete cylinder using ultrafine slag
Alccofine.
[3] Ansari U.S., Chaudhri I.M., Ghuge N.P., Phatangre R.R. Concrete With ALCCOFINE & Fly Ash an Economical &
Environment Friendly Approach.
[4] Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, I.S.: 516-1959, Methods of Tests for
Strength of Concrete.
[5] Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, I.S. 383:1970 Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources
for concrete (second revision) Jan 2007.
[6] Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India, IS 10262:2009, Indian standard
concrete
mix
proportioning
Guidelines (First revision).
[7] Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, I.S.: 456-2000 Code of practice for plain and
reinforced concrete (third
edition).
[8] Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, I.S.: 2386-1963, (Part 1-8) Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete (third
edition).
[9] Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, I.S.: 4031-1989, (Part 1-15) Code of practice
for plain and reinforced
concrete (third edition).
[10] Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, IS 4032:1985 Method of chemical analysis of hydraulic cement.
[11] Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, IS 12269:1987 Specification for 53 grade ordinary Portland.
[12] Jay Patel, Kunal Patel, Gaurav Patel. Utilization Of Pond Fly Ash As A Partial
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[17] Suthar Sunil B, Dr. (Smt.) B. K. Shah. Study on Strength Development of High Strength Concrete Containing Alccofine
and Fly-Ash.
[18] Siddharth P. Upadhyay, M. A. Jamnu, Effect on Compressive strength of High Performance Concrete Incorporating
Alccofine and Fly.
[19] Yatin H Patel, P.J. Patel, Prof. Jignesh M Patel, Dr. H S Patel, Study on Durability Of High Performance concrete With
Alccofine And Fly Ash.

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