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Cara Perancangan Periodosasi

Latihan kepada atlet perlu dirancang dan diatur secara berkesan terlebih dahulu sebelum
sesuatu pertandingan bermula. Latihan tersebut perlu mengambil kira potensi dan prestasi
atlit semasa pra pertandingan serta masa pertandingan dijalankan. Ia haruslah mudah,
berkesan dan lebih fleksibel serta kandungannya boleh diubah suai selaras dengan atlet
supaya dapat mencapai prestasi yang baik. Proses perancangan program latihan periodisasi
perlu dibahagikan kepada beberapa bahagian supaya dapat diuruskan dengan lebih sistematik
dan efektif.

Kitaran Makro
Kitaran makro merupakan perancangan tahunan yang dijalankan ke arah mencapai prestasi
optimum untuk berjaya dalam pertandingan pada tahun tersebut.

Kitaran Meso

Kitaran meso ini mewakili fasa latihan dengan tempoh antara dua hingga enam minggu atau
pun kitaran mikro, tetapi tempoh ini bergantung kepada keperluan atlet. Kitaran meso juga
boleh ditakrifkan sebagai latihan dalam beberapa minggu yang berterusan di mana program
latihan ini juga menekankan prestasi yang optimum.

Kitaran Mikro
Kitaran mikro secara lazimnya memerlukan tempoh selama seminggu kerana kesukaran
dalam membangunkan pelan latihan yang selaras dengan kalendar mingguan. Setiap kitaran
mikro dirancang berdasarkan kitaran makro yang menyeluruh. Kitaran mikro ini juga boleh
ditakrifkan sebagai beberapa sesi latihan. Panjang kitaran mikro yang biasa adalah sesi
latihan dari 4 hingga 16 hari. Ia mengambil masa untuk atlet menyesuaikan diri dengan
program latihan yang dibina. Apabila atlet menyesuaikan dirinya dengan program ini dan
tidak lagi menunjukkan kemajuan, maka perubahan terhadap komponen periodisasi perlu
dibuat.

Theory of planning[edit]
Training should be organized and planned in advance of a competition or performance. It should
consider the athletes potential, his/her performance in tests or competition, and calendar of
competition. It has to be simple, suggestive, and above all flexible as its content can be modified
to meet the athletes rate of progress.

The macrocycle[edit]
A macrocycle is an annual plan that works towards peaking for the goal competition of the year.
There are three phases in the macrocycle: preparation, competitive, and transition. [6]

The mesocycle[edit]
A mesocycle represents a phase of training with a duration of between 2 6 weeks or
microcycles, but this can depend on the sporting discipline.

[6]

A mesocycle can also be defined

as a number of continuous weeks where the training program emphasize the same type of
physical adaptations, for example muscle mass and anaerobic capacity. During the preparatory
phase, a mesocycle commonly consists of 4 6 micro-cycles, while during the competitive phase
it will usually consist of 2 4 micro-cycles depending on the competitions calendar.

The microcycle[edit]
A microcycle is typically a week because of the difficulty in developing a training plan that does
not align itself with the weekly calendar. Each microcycle is planned based on where it is in the
overall macrocycle.[6]
A micro-cycle is also defined as a number of training sessions, built around a given combination
of acute program variables, which include progression as well as alternating effort (heavy vs.
light days). The length of the micro-cycle should correspond to the number of workouts empirically often 4-16 workouts - it takes for the athlete or fitness client to adapt to the training
program. When the athlete or fitness client has adapted to the program and no longer makes
progress, a change to one or more program variables should be made.

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