1.

The pH values of distilled water, fruit juice and sodium bicarbonate were meas
ured using pH papers. What is the correct decreasing order of pH values?
Sodium bicarbonate > Water > Fruit juice
Fruit juice > Water > Sodium bicarbonate
Water > Fruit juice > Sodium bicarbonate
Water > Sodium bicarbonate > Fruit juice
2(i) What change will you observe in the colour of red litmus paper when it is d
ipped into a solution of sodium sulphate? Give reason to explain your observatio
n.
(ii) A bottle filled with concentrated sulphuric acid upto brim is left open in
the atmosphere by mistake. Will there be any change in the level of liquid? Expl
ain your answer with reason.
It will not undergo any colour change because the solution of Na2SO4 (sodium sul
phate) in water is almost neutral.
(ii) Concentrated sulphuric acid is highly hygroscopic. It absorbs moisture from
air and gets diluted. Since the volume increases, the acid starts flowing out o
f the bottle.
3.How is the strength of an acid or base measured?
The strength of an acid
scale. The pH scale has
Acids have a pH of less
Bases have a pH of more
Neutral substances have

or base is measured on a scale of numbers called the pH

values from 0 to 14.
than 7, lower the pH more acidic is the solution.
than 7, higher the pH more basic is the solution.
a pH of exactly 7.

4.Write the chemical formula of washing soda and baking soda. Which of these two
is an ingredient of antacids? How do antacids provide relief in stomachache?
Washing soda : Na2CO3.10H2O
Baking soda : NaHCO3
Baking soda is an ingredient of antacids. It neutralizes HCl released in stomach
and eases stomachache.
NaHCO3 + HCl ? NaCl + CO2 +H2O
5.State in brief the preparation of washing soda from baking soda. Write balance
d chemical equation of the reaction involved.
When baking soda is heated, sodium carbonate, water and CO2 are produced.
Sodium carbonate obtained is dissolved in water and crystals of washing soda are
obtained by crystallization.
6.A substance 'A' does not dissociate completely into its ions in aqueous soluti
ons. It is bitter in taste and soapy to touch. Identify the substance A.
Strong acid
Weak base
Strong base
Weak acid
Correct Option: Weak base
Explanation:
A base is bitter in taste and soapy to touch. A weak base does not dissociate co

mpletely into its ions in aqueous solutions.

7.Which gas is released when acids react with metal carbonates?
O2
CO2
CO
H2
Correct Option: CO2
Explanation:
Acids react with metal carbonates to form salt and water with the release of car
bon dioxide.
Na2CO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
8.Which of the following will have the lowest pH?
NaOH
CH3COONa
CH3COOH
NaHCO3
Correct Option: CH3COOH
Explanation:
CH3COOH will have the lowest pH since it is an acid (pH < 7).
NaOH is a base (pH > 7)
CH3COONa is a basic salt (pH > 7)
NaHCO3 is a base (pH > 7).
9.A green coloured hydrated metallic salt on heating loses its water of crystall
isation and gives the smell of burning sulphur. Identify the salt and write down
the reaction involved.
Green vitriol, FeSO4.7H2O loses its water of crystallization on heating and give
s smell of burning sulphur.
begin mathsize 12px style 2 FeSO subscript 4 left parenthesis straight s right p
arenthesis end subscript space rightwards arrow with increment on top space Fe s
ubscript 2 straight O subscript 3 left parenthesis straight s right parenthesis
end subscript space plus space SO subscript 2 left parenthesis straight g right
parenthesis end subscript space plus space SO subscript 3 left parenthesis strai
ght g right parenthesis end subscript end style
10.What happens when copper sulphate crystals are heated in a dry boiling tube?
Give the chemical equation. Name one other compound that shows the same property
?
The copper sulphate crystals CuSO4.5H2O contain 5 water molecules which are know
n as water of crystallization. When we heat the crystals, these water molecules
are removed and the salt turns white. If we moisten the crystals again with wate
r, the blue colour of the crystals reappear.
begin mathsize 12px style CuSO subscript 4.5 straight H subscript 2 straight O s
pace rightwards arrow with Heat on top space CuSO subscript 4 space plus space 5
straight H subscript 2 straight O end style
Gypsum CaSO4.2H2O contains two water molecules as water of crystallization.
11.A white powder is added while baking breads and cakes to make them soft and f
luffy. What is the name of the powder? What are the main ingredients in it? What

are the functions of each ingredient?

Baking powder is added in breads and cakes to make them fluffy and soft.
The main ingredients are Baking soda and an edible acid like tartaric acid.
Baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) releases CO2 gas when heated and this ma
kes the cake fluffy and soft.
Tartaric acid avoids the bitter taste by reacting with the Na2CO3 formed by the
heating of NaHCO3.
12.(a) What happens when quick lime is added to water?
(b) Write chemical equation for the above reaction.
(a) When quick lime is added to water, it reacts to form calcium hydroxide (slak
ed lime).
(b) CaO(s) + H2O ? Ca(OH)2 + heat
Quicklime
slaked lime
13.A gas is produced when conc. H2SO4 is added to solid sodium chloride taken in
a test tube. The gas coming out through the delivery tube is passed over a dry
blue litmus paper and then over a moist blue litmus paper. What would you observ
e? Explain the reason with the help of chemical equation.
HCl gas is produced.
2NaCl + H2SO4 ? Na2SO4 + 2HCl
The gas when passed through dry litmus paper will show no change in colour becau
se it cannot show acidic properties as H+ is not present.
The gas when passed through moist litmus paper will show colour change to red.
It shows acidic properties because H+ ions are produced when HCl dissolves in wa
ter.
14.(a) State in brief the method of preparation of bleaching powder. Give a bala
nced chemical equation for the reaction involved.
(b) Bleaching powder is used for disinfecting drinking water. Give reason.
(a) When Chlorine gas is passed through dry slaked lime, it forms bleaching powd
er.
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 ? CaOCl2 + H2O
(b) Bleaching powder is used for disinfecting drinking water due to the Chlorine
liberated which kills the germs.
15.We should never add water to acid because:
The reaction is slow.
The reaction is exothermic.
The reaction is endothermic.
The reaction doesn't take place.
Correct Option: The reaction is exothermic.
Explanation:
The reaction of acid and water is exothermic reaction since a lot of heat is lib
erated during the reaction. This heat changes some of the water to steam explosi
vely which can splash the acid on our face or clothes and cause acid burns.
Which of the following substances is used for supporting fractured bones?
CaSO4.1/2 H2O

CaSO4
Na2SO4
CaSO4.2H2O
Correct Option: CaSO4.1/2 H2O
Explanation:
CaSO4.1/2 H2O commonly known as plaster of paris is used for supporting fracture
d bones.
"Dry HCl gas does not change the colour of dry blue litmus paper". Give reasons.
In dry state, HCl gas does not give any H+ ions. It does not behave as an acid.
That is why the colour of litmus paper does not change.
(i) Why are some salts called hydrated salts?
(ii) Give two examples of white coloured hydrated salts with their chemical form
ula.
(i) Salts which contain water of crystallization are called as hydrated salts.
(ii) Examples of white coloured hydrated salts are:
(a) CaSO4.2H2O - Gypsum
(b) Na2CO3.10H2O - Washing soda
Identify 'X' in the reaction: 2HCl + CuO ? X + H2O
HOCl
CuCl
Cu(OH)2
CuCl2
Citric acid is an example of :
Mineral acid
Weak base
Organic acid
Strong base
Correct Option: Organic acid
Explanation:
Organic acids are acids present in plant materials and animals. Citric acid is f
ound in oranges.
Which of the following is an example of a neutral oxide?
Sodium oxide
Sulphur dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Aluminium oxide
Correct Option: Carbon monoxide
Explanation:
Carbon monoxide shows neither acidic nor basic behaviour, so it is a neutral oxi

de.