Kurdistan Region Government - Iraq

Ministry Of Higher Education &

Scientific Research
Duhok Polytechnic University

Technical Engineering College

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering Department

Report Of
Fluid mechanic
(3)
Name of Experiment
Air flow velocity measurement using pitot-static tube

Name: Edris salam

2nd Class / Group ( B )
Date : 1/ 12 /2016
Year : 2016-2017

Introduction:
The AF10 is a small-scale wind tunnel with an
electric fan and adjustable air flow control. It is the
essential base unit for eight different experiment
modules that demonstrate key principles and
phenomena of air flow. The unit consists of a sturdy
steel framework on which is mounted a fan which
supplies air via a flow-control valve to a specially
designed plenum chamber and aerodynamically
shaped contraction. Each of the experiment
modules fits either to the plenum chamber or to the
contraction. The air then exits the experiment
module through the bench top and emerges at an
exhaust at the rear of the unit. When smoke is used
in experiments for visualization purposes users can
fit flexible ducting to the exhaust to direct waste
smoke safely away. Toggle clamps hold the
experiment modules, reducing the need for tools.
Pressure measurement connections use reliable
quick-release couplings. Both of these features
make the changeover from one experiment to
another simple and quick. The bench format of the
equipment makes it compact, easy to move and
store. The unit also has handy shelves and storage
space which is ideal to store experiment modules
when they are not in use. The minimum
requirement is the AF10 and one of the experiment
modules, plus the AF10a manometer as required.

Other experiments can be purchased at a later date

allowing a complete system to be built up as time
and budgets allow.

Objective
This experiment demonstrates the use of a Pitot-static
tube, and investigates the application of Bernoulli's
theorem to flow along a convergent- divergent passage.

Materials & Equipment

Figure 1 Pitot - static tube

Manomete
r

Procedure
1- In the first we switch on the device to
measure the value of the high (X) of the
static pressure and total pressure.
2- After that we put the value of the distance
we measure the height of the static
pressure and total pressure by piezometer,
as shown in table 1.
3- Determine the length of duct (B) by this
equation
B= 76-(76-44)*

X
L1

mm

, as shown in

table 2

4- Find the velocity in Bernoulli equation, and

find find velocity in continuous equation,
then compare between them.
5- Get the calculation for all
experiment, as shown in table 3.

of

this

Calculation
From piezometer we find the high of the total
pressure and static pressure.
X

H total
H static pressure
pressure mm mm
172
80
172
12
172
44
172
84

40
100
160
250

table (1)

Then change it to pressure by this rule.

Total pressure
Pt =p waterg h

Pt =

10009.81172100
=760.32 Pa
1000

Static pressure
Psx 40= pwaterg h

Ps =

Psx100 = p waterg h

Ps=

Psx160 = p waterg h

10009.8180100
=196.2 Pa
1000

10009.8112100
=863.28 Pa
1000

P s=

10009.8144100
=549.36 Pa
1000

Psx 250= p waterg h

P s=

10009.8184100
=156.96 Pa
1000

1. Equation at convergent part:

B= 76-(76-44)*

X
L1

mm

B= 76-(76-44)*

40
70

mm

when

X=40mm
B= 57.7mm

2. Equation at throat section:

Bt=44 mm

when

X= 100mm

3. Equation at divergent part:

B= 76 -(76-44)*

304 X
L2

B= 76 -(76-44)*

304160
190

B= 76 -(76-44)*

304 X
L2

B= 76 -(76-44)*

304250
190

X mm
40

when

X=160mm

B= 51.7 mm
when X= 250mm

B= 66.9mm

Length(B)
/mm
57.7

100

44

160

51.7

250

66.9
Table (2)

Continue equation
Q1=Q2
A1 1 =A2
= (Bt d) t 2

(B d)

Bt t
=
B

Bernoulli equation
p1 21
p2 22
+ +z = + + z
2g 1 2g 2

2 g ( P p)
air

2 g(Pp)
Bt
air
=
B
2 g(Pp)
air

B t P p
=
B P t p

X
mm

Length(B)/
mm

40

57.7

10
0

44

16
0

51.7

25
0

66.9

Po

P total
P
pressu static
re
pressu
(pa)
re
(pa)

Bt
B

P p
P t p

100 760.3 -169.2 0.76 0.766

0
2
2
100 760.3
1 -------0
2
863.2
8
100 760.3
0.85 0.87
0
2
549.3
6
100 760.3 156.6 0.65 0.75
0
2
9
7
Table (3)

Discussion
1- If the stagnation pressure constant
along the duct length?
Yes.
2- If the discharge is constant at every
duct section?
Yes because the area in the throat is increase
so the velocity is increase and if the area
increase, the velocity is decrease. So the
discharge is constant along the duct length.
3- If you compare (v VS x) & (p VS x),
what you see?
Discuss these figures in details?

If the value of X is increase so the static

pressures increase too. And the relation
between pressure and velocity is inverse so
the value of velocity decreases.
4- What the benefit of this experiment?
To prove that velocity produced from continues
equation is equal to Bernoulli equation.
5-Is the flow velocity gradient is the same
at each cross-section area?
No because the area during the duct is
change.

6-What is relationship between static

pressure and total pressure in this
experiment?
In the total pressure we have not velocity. And
we determine this in Bernoulli equation
But in static pressure we have velocity but
velocity is spread.

p1